dihydroxyphenylalanine and Parkinson Disease studies

Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.
dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring.

Parkinson Disease: A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"The pattern of fluorodopa F 18 uptake in the striatum of YOPD patients is similar to that of patients with idiopathic Parkinson disease and does not depend on the presence or absence of mutations of the parkin gene."	7.72	Young-onset Parkinson disease with and without parkin gene mutations: a fluorodopa F 18 positron emission tomography study. ( Agid, Y; Brice, A; Broussolle, E; Chapoy, E; Costes, N; Dürr, A; Guillouet, S; Lohmann, E; Pollak, P; Rascol, O; Remy, P; Ribeiro, MJ; Thobois, S, 2003)
"In order to observe neuronal toxical effect of Levodopa and investigate if using Levodopa together with Ginkgo Bilobar Extract (EGb) would be an workable method to treat Parkinson disease, rat models of Parkinson disease (PD) were made by injecting 6-OHDA stereotaxically to right side of the mesencephic ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc)."	7.72	Experimental study on inhibition of neuronal toxical effect of levodopa by ginkgo biloba extract on Parkinson disease in rats. ( Cao, F; Sun, S; Tong, ET, 2003)
" Her elder sister had been suffering from childhood-onset dystonia-parkinsonism with diurnal fluctuation which initially responded well to levodopa therapy, but later larger dose of levodopa was needed because of severe treatment-related fluctuation of the clinical symptoms."	7.69	[A case of familial juvenile dystonia-parkinsonism: 18F-6-fluorodopa and 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose PET study]. ( Akiguchi, I; Fukuyama, H; Hanakawa, T; Kato, M; Kimura, J; Shibasaki, H, 1996)
"We performed [18F]6-fluoro-L-dopa (6-FD) and [11C]raclopride (RAC) PET studies in six patients with Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) (age, 17 to 61 years; duration of illness, 3 to 10 years), normal controls (n = 10 in 6-FD-PET, n = 8 in RAC-PET), and patients with idiopathic parkinsonism (n = 15 in 6-FD-PET)."	7.69	Fluorodopa and raclopride PET analysis of patients with Machado-Joseph disease. ( Calne, DB; Hashimoto, S; MacLeod, P; Rouleau, GA; Schulzer, M; Shinotoh, H; Silveira, I; Snow, BJ; Thiessen, B, 1997)
"The investigation of disease progression provides important information on the dynamics of cell death in Parkinson disease (PD)."	5.33	Nonlinear progression of Parkinson disease as determined by serial positron emission tomographic imaging of striatal fluorodopa F 18 activity. ( Coburger, S; Ghaemi, M; Heiss, WD; Herholz, K; Hilker, R; Jacobs, AH; Rudolf, J; Schweitzer, K; Weisenbach, S, 2005)
"Braak's staging concept of Lewy body disease pathogenesis is based on a spatiotemporal sequence of alpha-synuclein deposition, with autonomic nervous system involvement before synucleinopathy in substantia nigra neurons."	3.78	Sympathetic noradrenergic before striatal dopaminergic denervation: relevance to Braak staging of synucleinopathy. ( Goldstein, DS; Holmes, C; Park, MY; Sewell, L; Sharabi, Y, 2012)
"We used dopaminergic human neuroblastoma BE(2)-M17 cell lines stably transfected with WT or A30P mutant alpha-synuclein to characterize the effect of alpha-synuclein on dopamine toxicity."	3.76	Alpha-synuclein overexpression increases dopamine toxicity in BE2-M17 cells. ( Bisaglia, M; Bubacco, L; Cookson, MR; Greggio, E; Maric, D; Miller, DW, 2010)
"The pattern of fluorodopa F 18 uptake in the striatum of YOPD patients is similar to that of patients with idiopathic Parkinson disease and does not depend on the presence or absence of mutations of the parkin gene."	3.72	Young-onset Parkinson disease with and without parkin gene mutations: a fluorodopa F 18 positron emission tomography study. ( Agid, Y; Brice, A; Broussolle, E; Chapoy, E; Costes, N; Dürr, A; Guillouet, S; Lohmann, E; Pollak, P; Rascol, O; Remy, P; Ribeiro, MJ; Thobois, S, 2003)
"In order to observe neuronal toxical effect of Levodopa and investigate if using Levodopa together with Ginkgo Bilobar Extract (EGb) would be an workable method to treat Parkinson disease, rat models of Parkinson disease (PD) were made by injecting 6-OHDA stereotaxically to right side of the mesencephic ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc)."	3.72	Experimental study on inhibition of neuronal toxical effect of levodopa by ginkgo biloba extract on Parkinson disease in rats. ( Cao, F; Sun, S; Tong, ET, 2003)
"We estimated regional and global metabolic rates for glucose using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and PET in six patients with hemiparkinsonism-hemiatrophy syndrome (HPHA; mean age, 41."	3.69	Metabolic topography of the hemiparkinsonism-hemiatrophy syndrome. ( Chaly, T; Dhawan, V; Eidelberg, D; Fahn, S; Giladi, N; Ishikawa, T; Przedborski, S; Spetsieris, P; Takikawa, S, 1994)
" Her elder sister had been suffering from childhood-onset dystonia-parkinsonism with diurnal fluctuation which initially responded well to levodopa therapy, but later larger dose of levodopa was needed because of severe treatment-related fluctuation of the clinical symptoms."	3.69	[A case of familial juvenile dystonia-parkinsonism: 18F-6-fluorodopa and 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose PET study]. ( Akiguchi, I; Fukuyama, H; Hanakawa, T; Kato, M; Kimura, J; Shibasaki, H, 1996)
"We performed [18F]6-fluoro-L-dopa (6-FD) and [11C]raclopride (RAC) PET studies in six patients with Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) (age, 17 to 61 years; duration of illness, 3 to 10 years), normal controls (n = 10 in 6-FD-PET, n = 8 in RAC-PET), and patients with idiopathic parkinsonism (n = 15 in 6-FD-PET)."	3.69	Fluorodopa and raclopride PET analysis of patients with Machado-Joseph disease. ( Calne, DB; Hashimoto, S; MacLeod, P; Rouleau, GA; Schulzer, M; Shinotoh, H; Silveira, I; Snow, BJ; Thiessen, B, 1997)
"We used PET with the tracers [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), [18F]fluorodopa (FDOPA) and [11C]raclopride (RACLO) to study striatal glucose and dopa metabolism, and dopamine D2 receptor binding, respectively, in nine patients with multiple system atrophy."	3.69	Complementary PET studies of striatal neuronal function in the differential diagnosis between multiple system atrophy and Parkinson's disease. ( Antonini, A; Günther, I; Leenders, KL; Maguire, RP; Missimer, J; Psylla, M; Vontobel, P, 1997)
" Carbidopa and DOPA together elevated 5SCD markedly in a dose-dependent manner to values higher than seen in some patients with metastatic malignant melanoma."	3.66	Urinary 5-S-cysteinyldopa in Parkinsonism after DOPA and carbidopa. ( Gunder, M; Miller, S; Stewart, RM, 1983)
"In four patients with Parkinson disease, we compared carbidopa combined with levodopa (Sinemet) and benserazide combined with levodopa (Madopar)."	3.66	Comparative effectiveness of two extracerebral DOPA decarboxylase inhibitors in Parkinson disease. ( Estey, E; Goldstein, M; Gopinathan, G; Lieberman, A; Ohashi, T; Sauter, A, 1978)
"In 19 patients with Parkinson disease, we studied the relationship of the therapeutic effect of levodopa, or dyskinesia, to the plasma content of DOPA and growth hormone (GH)."	3.66	Plasma DOPA and growth hormone in parkinsonism: oscillations in symptoms. ( McDowell, FH; Miller, ST; Papavasiliou, PS; Rosal, V; Wang, YY, 1979)
"The probenecid technique was used in study of the central dopamine DA metabolism in patients with depressions, psychotic disorders, and Parkinson's disease."	3.65	Dopamine metabolism in depressions, psychoses, and Parkinson's disease: the problem of the specificity of biological variables in behaviour disorders. ( Korf, J; Praag, HM; Schut, T, 1975)
" Safety evaluation included haematology, biochemistry, urinalysis parameters and adverse event monitoring."	2.79	Efficacy and safety of standardized extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum L seeds as an adjuvant to L-Dopa in the management of patients with Parkinson's disease. ( Joshi, V; Mohan, V; Nathan, J; Panjwani, S; Thakurdesai, PA, 2014)
"Thirty-four patients with advanced Parkinson's disease participated in a prospective 24-month double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of fetal nigral transplantation."	2.71	A double-blind controlled trial of bilateral fetal nigral transplantation in Parkinson's disease. ( Brin, MF; Freeman, TB; Godbold, J; Goetz, CG; Kordower, JH; Nauert, GM; Olanow, CW; Perl, DP; Shannon, KM; Sossi, V; Stoessl, AJ, 2003)
" Long-term levodopa administration results in an increased levodopa plasma bioavailability in PD patients."	2.71	Chronic levodopa intake increases levodopa plasma bioavailability in patients with Parkinson's disease. ( Muhlack, S; Müller, T; Przuntek, H; Twiehaus, S; Welnic, J; Woitalla, D, 2004)
"Five patients with early Parkinson's disease with pause of medication for 3 days and six age-matched healthy volunteers were studied in a baseline condition and after levodopa challenge."	2.71	Levodopa effect on [18F]fluorodopa influx to brain: normal volunteers and patients with Parkinson's disease. ( Cumming, P; Danielsen, EH; Gjedde, A; Kumakura, Y; Reilhac, A, 2004)
"Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have already at the early stages of the disease impaired performance especially in tests measuring frontal lobe functions such as attention."	2.71	Cortical 6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa uptake and frontal cognitive functions in early Parkinson's disease. ( Aalto, S; Bergman, J; Brück, A; Nurmi, E; Rinne, JO, 2005)
"Tolcapone's ability to inhibit central COMT in humans at therapeutic concentrations is not yet clear."	2.70	18F-dopa PET evidence that tolcapone acts as a central COMT inhibitor in Parkinson's disease. ( Bailey, DL; Brooks, DJ; Bryson, H; Ceravolo, R; Jorga, KM; Piccini, P, 2002)
" Bromocriptin dosage was gradually increased to a total dose of 30 - 40 mg daily."	2.65	[Bromocriptin in the treatment of progressive stages of Parkinson's disease (author's transl)]. ( Fischer, PA; Schneider, E, 1982)
" All patients entering the trial were taking anticholinergic drugs in stable dosage and these were continued throughout."	2.64	L-dopa in Parkinsonism and the influence of previous thalamotomy. ( Hughes, RC; Polgar, JG; Walton, JN; Weightman, D, 1971)
"Amantadine proved to be a useful and safe addition to the armamentarium when given in daily doses of 200 mg."	2.64	Amantadine-HCl (Symmetrel) in the management of Parkinson's disease: a double-blind cross-over study. ( Barbeau, A; Botez, MI; Joubert, M; Mars, H, 1971)
"The clinical actions of levodopa in Parkinsonism, given with and without an extracerebral decarboxylase in hibitor, L-alpha-methyldopahydrazine, were compared."	2.64	Idiopathic Parkinsonism treated with an extracerebral decarboxylase inhibitor in combination with levodopa. ( Calne, DB; Gawler, J; Hilson, A; Pallis, CA; Petrie, A; Rao, S; Reid, JL; Thomas, PK; Vakil, SD, 1971)
"The blood pressure and pulse rate have been compared in a 'double blind, cross over' study involving twenty patients with idiopathic Parkinsonism receiving maximum tolerated dosage of levodopa with and without an extracerebral decarboxylase inhibitor, L-alpha-methyldopahydrazine."	2.64	Action of L- -methyldopa-hydrazine on the blood pressure of patients receiving levodopa. ( Calne, DB; Petrie, A; Rao, S; Reid, JL; Vakil, SD, 1972)
" Hence we would advise that if for any reason anticholinergic drugs are to be withdrawn in patients receiving a stable dosage of levodopa this must be done slowly."	2.64	Levodopa in Parkinsonism: the effects of withdrawal of anticholinergic drugs. ( Hughes, RC; Polgar, JG; Walton, JN; Weightman, D, 1971)
" Improvement was sustained during this period even though the average daily dosage of L-dopa was reduced."	2.63	Treatment of Parkinsonism with Laevo-dopa. ( Mawdsley, C, 1970)
"A small group of patients with Parkinson's disease were treated with oral l-dopa."	2.63	A controlled study of L-DOPA in Parkinson's disease. ( Hofmann, WW; Ryan, RL, 1970)
" Gas-liquid chromatographic methods were used to measure urinary acidic and alcoholic metabolites of L-DOPA, which had been administered in high oral dosage to patients with postencephalitic and idiopathic Parkinsonism."	2.63	The metabolism of orally administered L-Dopa in Parkinsonism. ( Calne, DB; Karoum, F; Ruthven, CR; Sandler, M, 1969)
"This could be the explantion for the orthostatic hypotension found in patients taking L-dopa for Parkinsonism."	2.63	Action of dopamine on the human iris. ( Calne, DB; Spiers, AS, 1969)
"One problem with DOPA therapy for Parkinson's disease is its cardiovascular side effects including hypotension and syncope, the underlying mechanisms of which are largely unknown."	2.50	Cardiovascular actions of DOPA mediated by the gene product of ocular albinism 1. ( Chen, S; Goshima, Y; Koga, M; Masukawa, D; Nakamura, F, 2014)
" However, they do little to combat the underlying degeneration of dopaminergic neurones in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and their long-term use is associated with the appearance of adverse effects such as L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia."	2.46	Therapeutic potential of targeting group III metabotropic glutamate receptors in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. ( Duty, S, 2010)
"With respect to Parkinson's disease PET and later SPECT allowed the number of dopaminergic neurons to be assessed in vivo."	2.46	[Nuclear medicine imaging in patients with Parkinson's syndrome: an update]. ( Schwarz, J, 2010)
"Graft-induced dyskinesias are serious adverse effects and a major roadblock for the further development of cell therapies, and functional imaging can help investigate the mechanisms underlying their cause."	2.46	Brain imaging after neural transplantation. ( Piccini, P; Politis, M, 2010)
"Dopamine replacement for Parkinson's disease (PD) have seen three major iterations of improvements since the introduction of l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) pharmacotherapy: dopamine receptor agonists, ex vivo gene transfer for cell transplantation and most recently in vivo gene therapy."	2.46	Gene therapy for dopamine replacement. ( Björklund, T; Cederfjäll, EA; Kirik, D, 2010)
"A major goal of research in Parkinson's disease (PD) has been the development of treatments to slow the progressive degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system and to reduce the functional decline of patients."	2.42	Assessment of neuroimaging techniques as biomarkers of the progression of Parkinson's disease. ( Brooks, DJ; Frey, KA; Marek, KL; Oakes, D; Paty, D; Prentice, R; Shults, CW; Stoessl, AJ, 2003)
"In dopa responsive dystonia, the finding of normal fluorodopa PET led to the prediction that the lesion would be functional rather than anatomical; this has been confirmed by the identification of a defect in dopamine synthesis in this disorder."	2.40	Contributions of positron emission tomography to elucidating the pathogenesis of idiopathic parkinsonism and dopa responsive dystonia. ( Calne, DB; de la Fuente-Fernández, R; Kishore, A, 1997)
"For example, in substantia nigra in Parkinson's diseases key alterations occur, in iron handling, mitochondrial function and antioxidant defences, particularly reduced glutathione."	2.39	Oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. ( Jenner, P, 1996)
"Among the motor tetrad of Parkinson's disease, akinesia is not easy to define and controversies still exist on the nature of akinesia."	2.39	Clinicophysiological features of akinesia. ( Imai, H, 1996)
"With the exception of Parkinson's disease, there is little evidence that treatments which decrease DA function are potent inducers of depression, but it is argued that such a relationship might not necessarily be expected."	2.36	Dopamine and depression: a review of recent evidence. I. Empirical studies. ( Willner, P, 1983)
"Animal models of Parkinson's disease are useful to evaluate new treatments and to elucidate the etiology of the disease."	1.72	Comparative analysis of striatal [ ( Avendaño-Estrada, A; Ávila-Rodríguez, MA; Verdugo-Díaz, L, 2022)
"The striatal dopaminergic deficit in Parkinson's disease exhibits a typical pattern, extending from the caudal and dorsal putamen at onset to its more rostral region as the disease progresses."	1.72	Onset pattern of nigrostriatal denervation in early Parkinson's disease. ( Monje, MHG; Obeso, JA; Pavese, N; Pineda-Pardo, JA; Sánchez-Ferro, Á, 2022)
"Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) patients who develop freezing of gait (FOG) have reduced mobility and independence."	1.72	Neurodegeneration of the Globus Pallidus Internus as a Neural Correlate to Dopa-Response in Freezing of Gait. ( Benitez, A; Bonilha, L; Jensen, JH; Keith, K; Lench, DH; Padgett, L; Ramakrishnan, V; Revuelta, GJ; Wilson, S, 2022)
"28 subjects had idiopathic Parkinson's disease (14 male, 14 female; age at scan 61 +- 11,5), 13 atypical Parkinsonian disease (7 male, 6 females; age at scan: 69,6 +- 6,4) and 17 were controls (6 male, 11 female; age at scan 65,3 +-8,6)."	1.56	Intrastriatal gradient analyses of 18F-FDOPA PET scans for differentiation of Parkinsonian disorders. ( Chaves, LT; De Jong, BM; Dierckx, RAJO; Doorduin, J; Kremer, BPH; Leenders, KL; Stormezand, GN; Vállez García, D, 2020)
"Susceptibility to Parkinson's disease (PD) is believed to involve an interaction between genetic and environmental factors."	1.51	The role of exposure to pesticides in the etiology of Parkinson's disease: a ( Djaldetti, R; Greenbaum, L; Lorberboym, M; Poewe, W; Rigbi, A; Roditi, Y; Scherfler, C; Steinmetz, A, 2019)
" Animals received repeated dosing of either hUCB-derived plasma or vehicle at 3, 5 and 10 days after induction into MPTP lesion, then behaviourally and immunohistochemically evaluated over 56 days post-lesion."	1.51	Gutting the brain of inflammation: A key role of gut microbiome in human umbilical cord blood plasma therapy in Parkinson's disease model. ( Borlongan, CV; Ehrhart, J; Lee, JY; Sanberg, PR; Tuazon, JP, 2019)
"People with Parkinson's disease can show premotor neurochemical changes in the dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic systems."	1.46	Serotonin and dopamine transporter PET changes in the premotor phase of LRRK2 parkinsonism: cross-sectional studies. ( Aasly, J; Adam, M; Agarwal, PA; Dinelle, K; Ding, YS; Farrer, M; Guttman, M; Hasegawa, K; Mak, E; McKenzie, J; Neilson, N; Schulzer, M; Shahinfard, E; Sossi, V; Stoessl, AJ; Strongosky, A; Uitti, RJ; Vafai, N; Wile, DJ; Wszolek, ZK; Zabetian, CP; Zhang, J, 2017)
" Low levodopa dosing and antioxidants in the rotigotine patch matrix prevented cysteinyl-glycine fall."	1.46	Levodopa, placebo and rotigotine change biomarker levels for oxidative stress. ( Herrman, L; Kinkel, M; Muhlack, S; Müller, T, 2017)
"The onset of wearing-off and dyskinesias was determined based on blinded clinical assessments and patient records."	1.43	Putaminal dopamine turnover in de novo Parkinson disease predicts later motor complications. ( Beuthien-Baumann, B; Kotzerke, J; Löhle, M; Mende, J; Oehme, L; Reichmann, H; Storch, A; van den Hoff, J; Wolz, M, 2016)
"Finally, in subjects with Parkinson's disease and dopamine medication-induced behavioral addictions, temporal discounting is further correlated with greater dopaminergic terminal function in the anterior putamen."	1.42	Dopaminergic function and intertemporal choice. ( Bergman, J; Johansson, J; Joutsa, J; Kaasinen, V; Niemelä, S; Voon, V, 2015)
"Conventional symptomatic treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD) with long-term L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) is complicated with development of drug-induced side effects."	1.42	Controlled Striatal DOPA Production From a Gene Delivery System in a Rodent Model of Parkinson's Disease. ( Broom, L; Cederfjäll, E; Kirik, D, 2015)
"Post-mortem and neuroimaging studies in Parkinson's disease (PD) have shown involvement of the brain serotoninergic, noradrenergic and cholinergic pathways alongside the characteristic degeneration of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons."	1.37	Progression of monoaminergic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: a longitudinal 18F-dopa PET study. ( Brooks, DJ; Lewis, SJ; Pavese, N; Rivero-Bosch, M; Whone, AL, 2011)
"Graft-induced dyskinesias are a serious complication after neural transplantation in Parkinson's disease."	1.37	Graft-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease: High striatal serotonin/dopamine transporter ratio. ( Bjorklund, A; Brooks, DJ; Lindvall, O; Oertel, WH; Piccini, P; Pogarell, O; Politis, M; Quinn, NP; Wu, K, 2011)
"Progression of Parkinson's disease symptoms is imperfectly correlated with positron emission tomography biomarkers for dopamine biosynthetic pathways."	1.37	A within-subject comparison of 6-[18F]fluoro-m-tyrosine and 6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa in Parkinson's disease. ( Bendlin, BB; Buyan-Dent, L; Christian, BT; Dejesus, OT; Gallagher, CL; Harding, SJ; Holden, JE; Johnson, SC; Mueller, B; Nickles, RJ; Stone, CK, 2011)
" By dosage analysis, we were able to detect a mutation in all patients."	1.36	High frequency of multiexonic deletion of the GCH1 gene in a Taiwanese cohort of dopa-response dystonia. ( Chang, HC; Chen, RS; Huang, CC; Huang, CL; Lai, SC; Lin, JJ; Lu, CS; Wang, CY; Weng, YH; Wu-Chou, YH; Yeh, TH, 2010)
"Diagnosing Parkinson's disease (PD) on clinical grounds may be difficult, especially in the early stages of the disease."	1.35	Direct comparison of FP-CIT SPECT and F-DOPA PET in patients with Parkinson's disease and healthy controls. ( Dierckx, RA; Eshuis, SA; Jager, PL; Jonkman, S; Leenders, KL; Maguire, RP, 2009)
"The third part of the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) was used to evaluate the development of PD symptom before and 1 hour after taking the medicine."	1.35	[Acute dopaminergic responsiveness test in diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and Parkinsonian disorders]. ( Feng, T; Li, W; Lin, JX; Wang, YJ; Xu, XT, 2008)
"Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) received on two consecutive days in a standardised fashion one single dose of 200 mg retarded release LD/carbidopa (CD) or of 150 mg LD/CD/EN, since both were shown to have simultaneous pharmacokinetic LD behaviour."	1.35	Peripheral COMT inhibition prevents levodopa associated homocysteine increase. ( Muhlack, S; Müller, T, 2009)
"The early motor manifestations of Parkinson's disease (PD) reflect degeneration of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons projecting to the caudal putamen."	1.35	Extrastriatal monoamine neuron function in Parkinson's disease: an 18F-dopa PET study. ( Brooks, DJ; Moore, RY; Whone, AL, 2008)
"Eleven patients had a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD), nine women."	1.35	Autosomal dominant dopa-responsive parkinsonism in a multigenerational Swiss family. ( Brown, L; Dickson, D; Farrer, M; Skipper, L; Solida, A; Vingerhoets, FJ; Wider, C; Wszolek, ZK, 2008)
"Pure autonomic failure (PAF) and Parkinson's disease (PD) share several clinical laboratory abnormalities; however, PAF is not associated with parkinsonism."	1.35	Central dopamine deficiency in pure autonomic failure. ( Bernson, M; Carmona, G; Goldstein, DS; Holmes, C; Imrich, R; Mizrahi, N; Sato, T; Sharabi, Y; Vortmeyer, AO, 2008)
"Motor symptoms form the hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD), although other features such as depression are often present."	1.34	Striatal dopaminergic activity (FDOPA-PET) associated with cognitive items of a depression scale (MADRS) in Parkinson's disease. ( Koerts, J; Koning, M; Leenders, KL; Portman, AT; van Beilen, M, 2007)
"The investigation of disease progression provides important information on the dynamics of cell death in Parkinson disease (PD)."	1.33	Nonlinear progression of Parkinson disease as determined by serial positron emission tomographic imaging of striatal fluorodopa F 18 activity. ( Coburger, S; Ghaemi, M; Heiss, WD; Herholz, K; Hilker, R; Jacobs, AH; Rudolf, J; Schweitzer, K; Weisenbach, S, 2005)
"Diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) can be difficult."	1.33	Comparison of FP-CIT SPECT with F-DOPA PET in patients with de novo and advanced Parkinson's disease. ( Eshuis, SA; Jager, PL; Jonkman, S; Leenders, KL; Maguire, RP, 2006)
"Thirty-one drug-naive patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) underwent 6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa (F-dopa) positron emission tomography (PET) scan at the time of the diagnosis (baseline) and 2 years later in order to investigate F-dopa uptake in striatal and extrastriatal regions during the first years of early PD."	1.33	Striatal subregional 6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa uptake in early Parkinson's disease: a two-year follow-up study. ( Aalto, S; Bergman, J; Brück, A; Nurmi, E; Rinne, JO; Vahlberg, T, 2006)
"Parkinson disease is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons, thus decreasing the system's ability to produce and store dopamine (DA)."	1.32	Effect of dopamine loss and the metabolite 3-O-methyl-[18F]fluoro-dopa on the relation between the 18F-fluorodopa tissue input uptake rate constant Kocc and the [18F]fluorodopa plasma input uptake rate constant Ki. ( de la Fuente-Fernandez, R; Holden, JE; Ruth, TJ; Sossi, V; Stoessl, AJ, 2003)
"In PD, orthostatic hypotension reflects sympathetic noradrenergic denervation."	1.32	Neurotransmitter specificity of sympathetic denervation in Parkinson's disease. ( Dendi, R; Goldstein, DS; Holmes, C; Li, ST; Sharabi, Y, 2003)
"Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and levodopa-induced motor complications experience a short-duration response (SDR) to levodopa which can be considered the basis of motor fluctuations."	1.32	Pharmacological and PET studies in patient's with Parkinson's disease and a short duration-motor response: implications in the pathophysiology of motor complications. ( Antonini, A; Leenders, KL; Linazasoro, G; Maguire, RP, 2004)
"Data were compared with a young-onset Parkinson's disease (YOPD) cohort, matched for age, disease severity and duration, but negative for parkin mutations."	1.32	Striatal and cortical pre- and postsynaptic dopaminergic dysfunction in sporadic parkin-linked parkinsonism. ( Brooks, DJ; Eunson, L; Graham, E; Khan, NL; Lees, AJ; Pavese, N; Piccini, PP; Quinn, NP; Scherfler, C; Wood, NW, 2004)
"These results indicate that disease progression in patients with parkin mutations is slower than that of IPD patients."	1.31	Progression of nigrostriatal dysfunction in a parkin kindred: an [18F]dopa PET and clinical study. ( Brooks, DJ; Khan, NL; Lees, AJ; Pavese, N; Piccini, P; Sweeney, MG; Wood, NW, 2002)
"Two patients with Parkinson's disease received bilateral putaminal implants of fetal dopaminergic cells exposed to GDNF for 6 days and showed enhancement of graft survival as assessed by positron emission tomography scanning."	1.31	Enhancement of survival of stored dopaminergic cells and promotion of graft survival by exposure of human fetal nigral tissue to glial cell line--derived neurotrophic factor in patients with Parkinson's disease. Report of two cases and technical considera ( Acorn, T; Dagher, A; Darvesh, S; Desrosiers, J; Gaudet, P; Hebb, A; Hong, M; King, D; Law, A; Mendez, I; Robertson, H; Weerasinghe, S, 2000)
"Many of the clinical features of this postencephalitic parkinsonism (PEP) suggested the diagnosis of sporadic encephalitis lethargica, first described by von Economo 1917."	1.31	FDG- and Dopa-PET in postencephalitic parkinsonism. ( Bamborschke, S; Ghaemi, M; Heiss, WD; Rudolf, J; Schmülling, S, 2000)
"Treatment with fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, i."	1.31	Fluoxetine reduces L-DOPA-derived extracellular DA in the 6-OHDA-lesioned rat striatum. ( Kannari, K; Matsunaga, M; Shen, H; Suda, T; Yamato, H, 2001)
"Data from 12 early Parkinson's disease (PD) and 9 advanced PD patients were compared with those from 13 age-matched healthy controls."	1.31	Increased pineal Fdopa uptake is related to severity of Parkinson's disease--a PET study. ( Ghaemi, M; Heiss, WD; Herholz, K; Hilker, R; Rudolf, J, 2001)
"Previous imaging studies in Parkinson's disease have focused mainly on the striatum, a region with very high dopaminergic activity."	1.31	Increased frontal [(18)F]fluorodopa uptake in early Parkinson's disease: sex differences in the prefrontal cortex. ( Bergman, J; Brück, A; Eskola, O; Kaasinen, V; Nurmi, E; Rinne, JO; Solin, O, 2001)
"Ten patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (Hoehn & Yahr stage IV) were medicated with tolcapone."	1.31	COMT-inhibition increases serum levels of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. ( Buhmann, C; Oechsner, M; Strauss, J; Stuerenburg, HJ, 2002)
"Six patients with Parkinson's disease were followed for 10 to 72 months after human embryonic mesencephalic tissue from four to seven donors was grafted unilaterally into the putamen (4 patients) or putamen plus caudate (2 patients)."	1.30	Short- and long-term survival and function of unilateral intrastriatal dopaminergic grafts in Parkinson's disease. ( Björklund, A; Brooks, DJ; Brown, R; Brundin, P; Gustavii, B; Hagell, P; Jahanshahi, M; Lindvall, O; Marsden, CD; Morrish, P; Odin, P; Quinn, NP; Rehncrona, S; Rothwell, JC; Sawle, G; Wenning, GK; Widner, H, 1997)
" The peak levodopa concentration (Cmax) and the area under the time-concentration curve (AUC) were markedly increased after long-term levodopa therapy, whereas the time to the peak concentration (Tmax) and the elimination half-life (T(1/2)) were decreased."	1.30	Effects of chronic levodopa therapy on dopa pharmacokinetics. ( Kanazawa, I; Murata, M, 1997)
"Thirty two patients with Parkinson's disease (mean age 58 (SD 13) years, mean duration 39 (SD 33) months) were assessed with [18F]dopa PET and UPDRS scoring on two occasions a mean of 18 (SD 6) months apart."	1.30	Measuring the rate of progression and estimating the preclinical period of Parkinson's disease with [18F]dopa PET. ( Bailey, DL; Brooks, DJ; Morrish, PK; Rakshi, JS; Sawle, GV, 1998)
"Timed motor tasks, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) evaluations, and ordinal dyskinesia rating were performed after oral levodopa and during i."	1.30	Pallidotomy improves motor responses and widens the levodopa therapeutic window in Parkinson's disease. ( Bennett, JP; Laws, ER; Skalabrin, EJ, 1998)
"Data from seven early hemi-Parkinson's disease and seven advanced bilateral Parkinson's disease patients were compared with that from 12 normal controls."	1.30	Frontal, midbrain and striatal dopaminergic function in early and advanced Parkinson's disease A 3D [(18)F]dopa-PET study. ( Ashburner, J; Bailey, DL; Brooks, DJ; Dagher, A; Friston, KJ; Ito, K; Jenkins, IH; Morrish, PK; Rakshi, JS; Uema, T, 1999)
"Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder which is mainly characterized by degeneration of the dopaminergic cells in the nigro-striatal system."	1.30	The effect of intrastriatal injection of liposome-entrapped tyrosinase on the dopamine levels in the rat brain. ( Amicarelli, F; Carlucci, G; Gasbarri, A; Masciocco, L; Miranda, M; Pacitti, C; Palumbo, G; Pompili, A, 1999)
"In 11 patients with hemi-Parkinson's disease of recent onset there were significant differences between normal (mean 0."	1.29	Clinical and [18F] dopa PET findings in early Parkinson's disease. ( Brooks, DJ; Morrish, PK; Sawle, GV, 1995)
"The subtype IV of Machado-Joseph disease (MJD), characterized by parkinsonism variably combined with ataxia, distal atrophy, and sensory loss, has been all but ignored in recent reports of MJD, including those describing the molecular biologic substrate of the disease."	1.29	Dopa-responsive parkinsonism phenotype of Machado-Joseph disease: confirmation of 14q CAG expansion. ( Lang, AE; Rogaeva, EA; St George-Hyslop, PH; Tuite, PJ, 1995)
"Clinicians have long associated Parkinson's disease (PD) with personality traits such as seriousness and industriousness."	1.29	Personality correlates of [18F]dopa striatal uptake: results of positron-emission tomography in Parkinson's disease. ( Brooks, DJ; Burn, DJ; Mark, MH; Menza, MA, 1995)
"Two patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (Patients 3 and 4 in our series) were followed up to 3 years after grafting of human embryonic dopamine-rich mesencephalic tissue unilaterally into the putamen."	1.29	Evidence for long-term survival and function of dopaminergic grafts in progressive Parkinson's disease. ( Björklund, A; Brooks, D; Brundin, P; Frackowiak, R; Lindvall, O; Marsden, CD; Odin, P; Rothwell, JC; Sawle, G; Widner, H, 1994)
"When all three categories of Parkinson's disease, MSA, and SRO were considered together, clinical and 18F-dopa PET findings correlated in 64% of patients assigned a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and 70% of those given a diagnosis of SRO; MSA was less readily discriminated, patients with MSA being assigned to MSA, Parkinson's disease, and SRO groups with equal frequency."	1.29	Differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, and Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome: discriminant analysis of striatal 18F-dopa PET data. ( Brooks, DJ; Burn, DJ; Sawle, GV, 1994)
"We characterized the clinical dose-response curves for relief of parkinsonism and production of dyskinesias as a function of plasma levodopa and 3-O-methyldopa levels in six patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) and fluctuating responses to oral levodopa/carbidopa."	1.29	Suppression of dyskinesias in advanced Parkinson's disease. I. Continuous intravenous levodopa shifts dose response for production of dyskinesias but not for relief of parkinsonism in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. ( Bennett, JP; Schuh, LA, 1993)
"Parkinsonism without dystonia has been reported in several older members of families with DRD."	1.29	Clinical heterogeneity of dopa-responsive dystonia: PET observations. ( Calne, DB; Nygaard, TG; Snow, BJ; Takahashi, H, 1993)
"Five patients with Parkinson's disease, unilaterally transplanted with foetal mesencephalic cells into putamen (n=1) or putamen and caudate (n=4), were followed throughout a period of 15-36 months after surgery, according to the recommendations of the core assessment programme for intracerebral transplantations (CAPIT)."	1.29	Long-term outcome of unilaterally transplanted parkinsonian patients. I. Clinical approach. ( Cesaro, P; Defer, GL; Degos, JD; Fenelon, G; Gaston, A; Geny, C; Jeny, R; Keravel, Y; Monfort, JC; Nguyen, JP; Peschanski, M; Remy, P; Ricolfi, F; Samson, Y; Villafane, G, 1996)
"Pretreatment with entacapone (OR-611), a peripheral catechol O-methyl-transferase (COMT) inhibitor, greatly reduces the plasma 3OMFD fraction and provides an ideal situation to evaluate the contribution of the plasma 3OMFD fraction in several kinetic models of FDOPA uptake."	1.29	Fluorodopa positron emission tomography with an inhibitor of catechol-O-methyltransferase: effect of the plasma 3-O-methyldopa fraction on data analysis. ( Belakhlef, A; Chaly, T; Dahl, R; Dhawan, V; Eidelberg, D; Ishikawa, T; Mandel, F; Margouleff, C; Robeson, W, 1996)
"We conclude that the progression of Parkinson's disease is associated with a focal process affecting only the dorsal putamen in its early (and preclinical) phase then affecting the ventral putamen with increasing disease severity."	1.29	Regional changes in [18F]dopa metabolism in the striatum in Parkinson's disease. ( Brooks, DJ; Morrish, PK; Sawle, GV, 1996)
" Solutions of TOPA were also toxic to mesencephalic neurons after acute or chronic exposure, displaying the same leftward shift in LD50."	1.28	Characterization of 2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylalanine neurotoxicity in vitro and protective effects of ganglioside GM1: implications for Parkinson's disease. ( Dal Toso, R; Facci, L; Leon, A; Moroni, F; Schiavo, N; Skaper, SD; Vantini, G, 1992)
" The women continue on a low dosage of levodopa after 9 and 13 years of treatment, with a stable, nearly complete, symptomatic response."	1.28	Long-term treatment response and fluorodopa positron emission tomographic scanning of parkinsonism in a family with dopa-responsive dystonia. ( Calne, DB; Fahn, S; Heiman, GA; Nygaard, TG; Snow, BJ; Takahashi, H, 1992)
"21 patients who had Parkinson's disease (PD), PD plus dementia of Alzheimer type (PDAT) or progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), were studied with positron emission tomography (PET) using (18F)-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG)."	1.28	Positron emission tomography in degenerative disorders of the dopaminergic system. ( Heiss, WD; Herholz, K; Holthoff, V; Huber, M; Karbe, H; Wagner, R; Wienhard, K, 1992)
"Two patients with Parkinson's disease who underwent implantation of fetal mesencephalic tissue into the putamen were serially studied using positron emission tomography and [18F]6-L-fluorodopa ([18F]dopa)."	1.28	Transplantation of fetal dopamine neurons in Parkinson's disease: PET [18F]6-L-fluorodopa studies in two patients with putaminal implants. ( Björklund, A; Bloomfield, PM; Brooks, DJ; Brundin, P; Leenders, KL; Lindvall, O; Marsden, CD; Rehncrona, S; Sawle, GV; Widner, H, 1992)
"While the Parkinson's disease patients had a decreased uptake of [18F]fluorodopa in the striatum but no abnormality in the glucose metabolism."	1.28	Positron emission tomography (PET) in "pure akinesia". ( Fujii, N; Goto, I; Hasuo, K; Hosokawa, S; Ichiya, Y; Kato, M; Kuwabara, Y; Otsuka, M; Taniwaki, T, 1992)
"The syndrome of dopa-responsive dystonia comprises a minority of patients with dystonia, yet it is of considerable diagnostic importance because patients respond dramatically to L-dopa therapy."	1.28	Dopa-responsive dystonia: [18F]dopa positron emission tomography. ( Brooks, DJ; Frackowiak, RS; Harwood, G; Leenders, KL; Lees, AJ; Marsden, CD; Sawle, GV, 1991)
"Altogether, three patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and three normal volunteers were examined, first without nitecapone and then with an oral dose of 100 mg of nitecapone 1 hour before the IV injection of 3 mCi of [18F]6-fluorodopa."	1.28	[18F]-6-fluorodopa PET scanning in Parkinson's disease after selective COMT inhibition with nitecapone (OR-462). ( Bergman, J; Haaparanta, M; Laihinen, A; Rinne, JO; Rinne, UK; Ruotsalainen, U; Solin, O, 1992)
"In patients with Parkinson's disease, striatal uptake of both tracers was decreased, putamen being significantly more affected than caudate."	1.28	The nigrostriatal dopaminergic system assessed in vivo by positron emission tomography in healthy volunteer subjects and patients with Parkinson's disease. ( Brooks, DJ; Frackowiak, RS; Jones, T; Leenders, KL; Marsden, CD; Perani, D; Sager, H; Salmon, EP; Tyrrell, P, 1990)
"The pathological process causing Parkinson's disease may operate closer to the time of presentation than has been suggested."	1.28	Striatal function in normal aging: implications for Parkinson's disease. ( Brooks, DJ; Colebatch, JG; Frackowiak, RS; Marsden, CD; Sawle, GV; Shah, A, 1990)
"Patients with Parkinson's disease have a decrement in homovanillic acid that is reversed by treatment with L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine."	1.27	Monoamine metabolites in human cerebrospinal fluid. HPLC/ED method. ( Aguado, EG; de Yebenes, JG; Mena, MA, 1984)
" Alternate-day therapy results in less cumulative dosage and may better preserve existing compensatory striatal activity."	1.27	Intermittent levodopa therapy in parkinsonism. ( Koller, WC, 1983)
"The effect of doubling carbidopa intake on single dose bioavailability of L-Dopa was examined in five parkinsonian patients."	1.27	Effect of supplemental carbidopa on bioavailability of L-dopa. ( Cedarbaum, JM; Dhar, AK; Kutt, H; McDowell, FH; Watkins, S, 1986)
"A series of 203 patients with primary Parkinson's disease treated with L-DOPA, with adequate neurological documentation of mental status at serial intervals during their illness, constitutes the study population."	1.27	Dementia in idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Variables associated with its occurrence in 203 patients. ( Elizan, TS; Maker, H; Smith, H; Sroka, H; Yahr, MD, 1986)
"Thirty newly diagnosed patients with Parkinson's disease and 30 patients with primary depressive illness showed slowing of response on a computerized digit symbol substitution test when compared with 30 matched normal control subjects."	1.27	Bradyphrenia in Parkinson's disease and psychomotor retardation in depressive illness. An experimental study. ( Lees, AJ; Rogers, D; Smith, E; Stern, GM; Trimble, M, 1987)
"In five children with primary dystonia, the striatal distribution of 18F resembled that seen in the normal older adults."	1.27	A rostrocaudal gradient for aromatic acid decarboxylase in the human striatum. ( Chirakal, R; Firnau, G; Garnett, ES; Lang, AE; Nahmias, C, 1987)
"Selegiline is a useful adjuvant drug in the treatment of Parkinson's disease."	1.27	Selegiline in the early and late phases of Parkinson's disease. ( Csanda, E; Tárczy, M, 1987)
"The pathogenesis of "random" fluctuations in parkinsonian mobility, which are not clearly related to the dosing schedule of levodopa, has not been determined."	1.27	Erratic gastric emptying of levodopa may cause "random" fluctuations of parkinsonian mobility. ( Kurlan, R; Lichter, D; Miller, C; Nutt, JG; Rothfield, KP; Shoulson, I; Woodward, WR, 1988)
"Although the cause of Parkinson's disease is still unknown it has become clear that dopaminergic cell loss in the substantia nigra is a prominent feature of the disease."	1.27	Parkinson's disease and PET tracer studies. ( Leenders, KL, 1988)
"25% of patients with Parkinson's disease demonstrate the first symptoms with 70 years."	1.26	[Senile Parkinsonism: its motor and psychological defects]. ( Birkmayer, W, 1982)
"Treatment with tetrabenazine did not significantly alter the metabolite levels in patients in whom it produced either improvement, or side effects."	1.26	CSF studies on the relationship between dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in Parkinsonism and other movement disorders. ( Davidson, DL; Mawdsley, C; Pullar, IA; Wilson, H; Yates, CM, 1977)
"Levodopa caused an increase in plasma growth hormone concentration in 30 subjects."	1.26	Plasma DOPA levels and growth hormone response to levodopa in parkinsomism. ( Galea-Debono, A; Jenner, P; Marsden, CD; Parkes, JD; Tarsy, D; Walters, J, 1977)
" Besides theoretical considerations relating to biochemical and pathophysiological spheres, the question of the current dosage for clinical usage seems to be of the utmost importance."	1.25	[Infusion therapy with mif (melanocyte inhibiting factor) in Parkinson's disease (author's transl)]. ( Binder, H; Gerstenbrand, F; Kozma, C; Pusch, ST; Reisner, Th, 1975)
"Thirty patients with Parkinson's disease were treated for four weeks with levodopa combined with an inhibitor of extracerebral dopa decarboxylase, L-alpha-methyldopahydrazine (MK 486)."	1.25	Treatment of Parkinson's disease with levodopa combined with L-alpha-methyldopahydrazine, an inhibitor of extracerebral DOPA decarboxylase. ( Barry, PE; Marsden, CD; Parkes, JD; Zilkha, KJ, 1973)
"Twenty-seven patients with Parkinson's disease participated in a double-blind crossover trial of L-dopa and amantadine."	1.25	Interactions of L-dopa and amantadine in patients with Parkinsonism. ( Cox, B; Danta, G; Schnieden, H; Yuill, GM, 1973)
"Six patients diagnosed as Parkinson's disease on a clinical basis alone are described, and their response to L-dopa and to alpha methyl dopa hydrazine (MK 486) and L-dopa."	1.25	An analysis of six patients with Parkinson's disease who have been unresponsive to L-dopa therapy. ( Mones, RJ, 1973)
"Haloperidol was used in 12 patients in an attempt to improve l-dopa induced dyskinesias."	1.25	Attempted use of haloperidol in the treatment of L-dopa induced dyskinesias. ( Klawans, HL; Weiner, WJ, 1974)
"Nausea and cardiac arrhythmias are lessened, as are the incidence and severity of hypotension."	1.25	Levodopa combined with peripheral decarboxylase inhibition in Parkinson's disease. ( Barbeau, A; Botez, MI; Joubert, M; Mars, H, 1972)
"Eighty-eight patients with Parkinson's disease were treated with levodopa."	1.25	The effects of levodopa therapy in patients with Parkinson's disease. I. Clinical response. ( Barbeau, A; Libman, I; Mars, H; Rosenberg, G; Schwartz, A; Spencer, A, 1972)
" Maximal benefits with minimal side effects were achieved only by careful adjustments of the levodopa dosage as the months went by."	1.25	One to two year treatment of Parkinson's disease with levodopa. ( Ansel, RD; Markham, CH; Treciokas, LJ, 1971)
" On the basis of this experience it seems that the drug can be used safely and effectively on an outpatient basis provided that dosage increments are introduced gradually, maximum dosage is limited to 4 g."	1.25	Metabolic studies and clinical observations during L-dopa treatment of Parkinson's disease. ( Bianchine, JR; Peaston, MJ, 1970)
" Some of the common side effects of l-dopa administration can be averted or controlled by a cautious and slow build-up to the optimal dosage level."	1.25	Treatment of Parkinson's disease with L-dopa: a current appraisal. ( Kofman, O, 1971)
"Low blood pressure is frequent in the akinetic form of Parkinson's disease."	1.25	Renin-aldosterone system in Parkinson's disease. ( Barbeau, A; Boucher, R; Genest, J; Gillo-Joffroy, L; Nowaczynski, W, 1969)

Research

Studies (1,629)

Authors

Clinical Trials (29)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Mean Percent Change in Cys-DA/DOPAC Between Pre and Post-treatment Lumbar Puncture With and Without N-acetylcysteine (NAC)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	1283 (78.76)	18.7374
1990's	131 (8.04)	18.2507
2000's	127 (7.80)	29.6817
2010's	65 (3.99)	24.3611
2020's	23 (1.41)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Shang, S	1
Li, D	1
Tian, Y	1
Li, R	1
Zhao, H	1
Zheng, L	1
Zhang, Y	1
Chen, YC	2
Yin, X	1
Bourilhon, J	2
Olivier, C	2
You, H	1
Collomb-Clerc, A	1
Grabli, D	2
Belaid, H	2
Mullie, Y	2
François, C	1
Czernecki, V	3
Lau, B	1
Pérez-García, F	1
Bardinet, E	1
Fernandez-Vidal, S	1
Karachi, C	2
Welter, ML	2
Zhou, LL	1
Wang, SY	1
Tian, YY	1
Jiang, T	1
Huang, T	1
Zhang, YD	1
Wang, F	1
Cherif, S	1
Avendaño-Estrada, A	1
Verdugo-Díaz, L	1
Ávila-Rodríguez, MA	1
Pineda-Pardo, JA	2
Sánchez-Ferro, Á	1
Monje, MHG	1
Pavese, N	11
Obeso, JA	2
Lench, DH	1
Keith, K	1
Wilson, S	1
Padgett, L	1
Benitez, A	1
Ramakrishnan, V	1
Jensen, JH	1
Bonilha, L	1
Revuelta, GJ	1
Gasca-Salas, C	1
Fernández-Rodríguez, B	1
Rodríguez-Rojas, R	1
Del Álamo, M	1
Obeso, I	1
Hernández-Fernández, F	1
Trompeta, C	1
Martínez-Fernández, R	1
Matarazzo, M	1
Mata-Marín, D	1
Guida, P	1
Duque, A	1
Albillo, D	1
Plaza de Las Heras, I	1
Montero, JI	1
Foffani, G	1
Toltsis, G	1
Rachmilevitch, I	1
Blesa, J	1
Shi, X	1
Yang, Y	1
Jiang, L	1
Chen, J	1
Yi, C	1
Luo, G	1
Wu, L	1
Chu, J	1
Wang, J	2
Chen, L	1
Zhang, X	1
Lim, SY	1
Tan, AH	1
Tay, YW	1
Cai, W	1
Wakamatsu, K	1
Zucca, FA	1
Wang, Q	1
Yang, K	1
Mohamadzadehonarvar, N	1
Srivastava, P	1
Tanaka, H	1
Holly, G	1
Casella, L	1
Ito, S	2
Zecca, L	1
Chen, X	1
Fang, X	1
Yuan, M	1
Zhao, F	1
Yu, A	1
Lin, Q	2
Li, S	1
Li, H	1
Wang, X	2
Yu, Y	1
Lu, C	1
Yang, H	1
Béreau, M	1
Van Waes, V	1
Servant, M	1
Magnin, E	1
Tatu, L	1
Anheim, M	1
Löhle, M	3
Wolz, M	3
Beuthien-Baumann, B	3
Oehme, L	3
van den Hoff, J	3
Kotzerke, J	3
Reichmann, H	3
Storch, A	3
Stormezand, GN	1
Chaves, LT	1
Vállez García, D	1
Doorduin, J	1
De Jong, BM	3
Leenders, KL	19
Kremer, BPH	1
Dierckx, RAJO	1
Lopez, G	2
Eisenberg, DP	1
Gregory, MD	1
Ianni, AM	1
Grogans, SE	1
Masdeu, JC	1
Kim, J	1
Groden, C	1
Sidransky, E	1
Berman, KF	2
Ruppert, MC	1
Greuel, A	1
Tahmasian, M	1
Schwartz, F	2
Stürmer, S	1
Maier, F	1
Hammes, J	1
Tittgemeyer, M	1
Timmermann, L	3
van Eimeren, T	1
Drzezga, A	1
Eggers, C	4
Andersen, KB	1
Hansen, AK	1
Sommerauer, M	1
Fedorova, TD	1
Knudsen, K	1
Vang, K	1
Van Den Berge, N	1
Kinnerup, M	1
Nahimi, A	1
Brooks, DJ	55
Borghammer, P	2
Liu, J	1
Liu, H	1
Zhao, Z	1
Guo, D	1
Liu, Y	1
Tang, CC	1
Holtbernd, F	1
Ma, Y	3
Spetsieris, P	4
Oh, A	1
Fink, GR	1
Eidelberg, D	13
Kuten, J	1
Linevitz, A	1
Lerman, H	1
Freedman, N	1
Kestenbaum, M	1
Shiner, T	1
Giladi, N	3
Even-Sapir, E	1
Sood, A	1
Shukla, J	1
Shree, R	1
Vatsa, R	1
Modi, M	1
Mittal, BR	1
Wang, Y	1
Tong, Q	1
Ma, SR	1
Zhao, ZX	1
Pan, LB	1
Cong, L	1
Han, P	1
Peng, R	1
Yu, H	1
Lin, Y	1
Gao, TL	1
Shou, JW	1
Li, XY	1
Zhang, XF	1
Zhang, ZW	1
Fu, J	1
Wen, BY	1
Yu, JB	1
Cao, X	1
Jiang, JD	1
Wile, DJ	1
Agarwal, PA	1
Schulzer, M	7
Mak, E	2
Dinelle, K	1
Shahinfard, E	1
Vafai, N	1
Hasegawa, K	1
Zhang, J	1
McKenzie, J	2
Neilson, N	1
Strongosky, A	1
Uitti, RJ	1
Guttman, M	6
Zabetian, CP	1
Ding, YS	1
Adam, M	1
Aasly, J	1
Wszolek, ZK	2
Farrer, M	2
Sossi, V	7
Stoessl, AJ	12
Goldstein, DS	11
Holmes, C	11
Lopez, GJ	2
Wu, T	2
Sharabi, Y	9
Li, W	2
Lao-Kaim, NP	1
Roussakis, AA	1
Martín-Bastida, A	1
Valle-Guzman, N	1
Paul, G	1
Loane, C	1
Widner, H	5
Politis, M	3
Foltynie, T	1
Barker, RA	2
Piccini, P	11
Tanaka, M	2
Tani, N	1
Maruo, T	1
Oshino, S	1
Hosomi, K	1
Saitoh, Y	1
Kishima, H	1
Djaldetti, R	1
Steinmetz, A	1
Rigbi, A	1
Scherfler, C	4
Poewe, W	3
Roditi, Y	1
Greenbaum, L	1
Lorberboym, M	1
Whone, AL	4
Boca, M	1
Luz, M	1
Woolley, M	1
Mooney, L	1
Dharia, S	1
Broadfoot, J	1
Cronin, D	1
Schroers, C	1
Barua, NU	1
Longpre, L	1
Barclay, CL	1
Boiko, C	1
Johnson, GA	1
Fibiger, HC	1
Harrison, R	1
Lewis, O	1
Pritchard, G	1
Howell, M	1
Irving, C	1
Johnson, D	1
Kinch, S	1
Marshall, C	2
Lawrence, AD	1
Blinder, S	1
Skinner, P	1
Mohr, E	1
Gill, SS	3
Lee, JY	1
Tuazon, JP	1
Ehrhart, J	1
Sanberg, PR	1
Borlongan, CV	1
Jaimini, A	1
Tripathi, M	1
D'Souza, MM	1
Panwar, P	1
Sharma, R	1
Mehta, S	1
Pandey, S	1
Saw, S	1
Singh, D	1
Solanki, Y	1
Mishra, AK	1
Mondal, A	1
Nathan, J	1
Panjwani, S	1
Mohan, V	1
Joshi, V	1
Thakurdesai, PA	1
Jokinen, P	4
Karrasch, M	1
Brück, A	7
Johansson, J	2
Bergman, J	13
Rinne, JO	13
Sullivan, P	3
Miller, GW	1
Alter, S	1
Strong, R	1
Mash, DC	2
Kopin, IJ	6
Bastide, MF	1
Li, CT	1
Palotti, M	1
Holden, JE	9
Oh, J	1
Okonkwo, O	1
Christian, BT	2
Bendlin, BB	4
Buyan-Dent, L	2
Harding, SJ	2
Stone, CK	2
DeJesus, OT	3
Nickles, RJ	4
Gallagher, CL	4
Pedrosa, DJ	1
Kracht, L	1
Goshima, Y	1
Nakamura, F	1
Masukawa, D	1
Chen, S	1
Koga, M	1
Joutsa, J	3
Voon, V	1
Niemelä, S	1
Kaasinen, V	4
Cederfjäll, E	3
Broom, L	1
Kirik, D	5
Picco, A	1
Morbelli, S	1
Piccardo, A	1
Arnaldi, D	1
Girtler, N	1
Brugnolo, A	1
Bossert, I	1
Marinelli, L	1
Castaldi, A	1
De Carli, F	1
Campus, C	1
Abbruzzese, G	1
Nobili, F	1
Ehgoetz Martens, KA	2
Ellard, CG	2
Almeida, QJ	3
Mende, J	1
Pikstra, ARA	1
van der Hoorn, A	1
Tosukhowong, P	1
Boonla, C	1
Dissayabutra, T	1
Kaewwilai, L	1
Muensri, S	1
Chotipanich, C	1
Rinne, J	2
Bhidayasiri, R	1
Jinsmaa, Y	1
Yanagisawa, D	1
Oda, K	1
Inden, M	1
Morikawa, S	1
Inubushi, T	1
Taniguchi, T	1
Hijioka, M	1
Kitamura, Y	1
Tooyama, I	1
Lefaivre, SC	1
Beck, EN	2
Chow, R	3
Pieruccini-Faria, F	1
Trapani, A	1
Tricarico, D	1
Mele, A	1
Maqoud, F	1
Mandracchia, D	1
Vitale, P	1
Capriati, V	1
Trapani, G	1
Dimiccoli, V	1
Tolomeo, A	1
Scilimati, A	1
Lopes Alves, I	1
Meles, SK	1
Willemsen, AT	1
Dierckx, RA	2
Marques da Silva, AM	1
Koole, M	1
Muhlack, S	3
Kinkel, M	1
Herrman, L	1
Müller, T	5
Becker, G	2
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Hustadt, F	1
Garraux, G	3
Luxen, A	1
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Plenevaux, A	1
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Illarioshkin, S	1
Eshuis, SA	2
Jager, PL	2
Maguire, RP	7
Jonkman, S	2
Feng, T	1
Wang, YJ	1
Lin, JX	1
Xu, XT	1
Björklund, T	3
Kuhn, W	2
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Reith, W	1
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Krick, CM	1
Sewell, L	2
Kumakura, Y	5
Cumming, P	13
Bobylova, MIu	1
Mikhaĭlova, SB	1
Grinio, LP	1
Khan, NL	3
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Bhatia, KP	2
Quinn, NP	5
Lees, AJ	10
Tolosa, E	2
Marek, K	3
Danielsen, EH	4
Gjedde, A	10
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Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Feasibility of Temporary Blood Brain Barrier Disruption (BBBD) Using Exablate MR Guided Focused Ultrasound in Patients With Parkinson's Disease Dementia[NCT03608553]		10 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-11-26	Active, not recruiting
Does N-Acetylcysteine Decrease Spontaneous Oxidation of Central Neural Dopamine in Parkinson's Disease?[NCT03104725]	Phase 1	6 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-09-25	Terminated (stopped due to Difficulty with recruitment and participant accrual due to study eligibility criteria and required study procedures (e.g., multiple lumbar punctures).)
Using 3,4-dihydroxy-6-[18F]-Fluoro-l-phenylalanine ( [18F]FDOPA) PET/CT to Monitor the Effectiveness of Fetal Dopaminergic Grafts in Parkinson Disease Patients[NCT02538315]		18 participants (Actual)	Observational	2016-10-31	Terminated (stopped due to lack of patients due to COVID)
Embryonic Dopamine Cell Implants for Parkinson's Disease: A Double-Blind Study[NCT00038116]	Phase 3	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1995-05-31	Completed
Randomized, Single-blind Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of Cognitive Rehabilitation Using Inmersive Virtual Reality and Computer-based Cognitive Stimulation Versus Music Therapy on Cognitive Impairment Associated With Movement Disorders[NCT05769972]		64 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-10-13	Active, not recruiting
Dopamine Turnover Rate Measured With F-Dopa-PET as Surrogate Parameter for Diagnosis and Progression Analysis of Early Parkinson's Disease[NCT00153972]	Phase 4	39 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-02-28	Completed
Impact of Disclosure of Dopamine Transporter Imaging Studies in PD Clinical Trials[NCT00354003]		800 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2006-07-31	Completed
SIngle-Stage, Open-Label, Safety and Efficacy Study of Adeno-Associated Virus Encoding Human Aromatic L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase by Magnetic Resonance MR-guided Infusion Into Midbrain in Pediatric Patients With AADC Deficiency[NCT02852213]	Phase 1	31 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-07-31	Recruiting
Evaluation of 5-[123I]-A-85380 and SPECT Imaging as a Marker of Nicotinic Receptor Density in the Brain of Parkinson Disease Subjects[NCT00397696]	Phase 2	9 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-11-30	Completed
STEM-PD Trial: A Multicentre, Single Arm, First in Human, Dose-escalation Trial, Investigating the Safety and Tolerability of Intraputamenal Transplantation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Dopaminergic Cells for Parkinson's Disease (STEM-PD Product)[NCT05635409]	Phase 1	8 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-11-30	Recruiting
Effect of Nano-PSO in Patients With Parkinson's Disease: Clinical Efficacy and Results in Molecular Imaging.[NCT05142085]		170 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-09-20	Enrolling by invitation
Imaging After Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Brain Metastases or Primary Tumor Can Hybrid PET-MRI Differentiate Between Radiation Effects and Disease ?[NCT03068520]		140 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-03-01	Recruiting
Assessment of Pre-symptomatic and Symptomatic Patients With Parkinson Disease to Identify and Characterize Genetic and Phenotypic Biomarkers for Disease Onset and Progression.[NCT00273351]	Phase 2	62 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-01-31	Completed
Dynamic SPECT Imaging With [123I] B-CIT in Individuals With Parkinsonian Syndrome (PS) and in Individuals at Risk for Parkinsonian Syndrome[NCT00117819]	Phase 2	232 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-03-31	Completed
A Single-blinded Assessment of the Short-term Effects of Cabergoline vs. Carbidopa/Levodopa on SPECT Dopamine Transporter Density in Out-patient Subjects With Parkinson's Disease[NCT00129181]		30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-01-31	Completed
Investigating Effects of Short-term Treatment With Pramipexole or Levodopa on [123I]B-CIT and SPECT Imaging in Early Parkinson's[NCT00096720]	Phase 2	112 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-02-29	Completed
Screening Evaluations for Neurologic Syndromes: Olfactory Testing in Relatives of Parkinson's Disease Patients[NCT00096876]		600 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2004-10-31	Completed
Parkinson Associated Risk Factor Study (PARS): Evaluating Potential Screening Tools for Parkinson Disease[NCT00387075]	Phase 2	3,000 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2006-11-30	Active, not recruiting
Transplantation of Embryonic Dopamine Neurons for Treatment of Parkinson's Disease: Double-blind Placebo Surgery Trial[NCT03347955]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1994-11-30	Completed
PET Whole Body Biodistribution and Test Retest Brain Imaging Studies Using a Dopamine Transporter Ligand [18F]FECNT[NCT00083629]	Phase 1	30 participants	Interventional	2004-05-31	Completed
Adenosine A2A Blockade With KW-6002 in Parkinson's Disease[NCT00006337]	Phase 2	16 participants	Interventional	2000-10-31	Completed
Effect of Antiglutamatergic Treatment in Parkinson's Disease[NCT00013624]	Phase 2	20 participants	Interventional	2001-03-31	Completed
Effects of Monoamine Reuptake Inhibitor NS2330 in Parkinson's Disease[NCT00006077]	Phase 2	50 participants	Interventional	2000-08-31	Completed
Effect of Serotoninergic Treatment in Parkinson's Disease[NCT00009048]	Phase 2	30 participants	Interventional	2001-01-31	Completed
Levetiracetam Treatment of L-dopa Induced Dyskinesias[NCT00076674]	Phase 2	40 participants	Interventional	2004-01-31	Completed
AMPA Receptor Blockade With LY300164 in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease[NCT00004576]	Phase 2	20 participants	Interventional	2000-02-29	Completed
Prognostic Value of FP-CIT-SPECT in Patients With Parkinson´s Disease[NCT01038310]		25 participants (Actual)	Observational	2010-01-31	Completed
Open-Label Safety Study of ADS-5102 (Amantadine HCl) Extended Release Capsules for the Treatment of Levodopa Induced Dyskinesia (LID)[NCT02202551]	Phase 3	223 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-07-31	Completed
Utility of Amantadine Hydrochloride in the Treatment of Post-traumatic Irritability: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial[NCT00627250]		76 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-03-31	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD) who took N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and healthy volunteers who did not take NAC, each had two separate lumbar punctures (LPs) to obtain spinal fluid. The spinal fluid samples were used to measure the ratio of the brain chemical called 5-S-cysteinyl-dopamine (Cys-DA) to the brain chemical called 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (Cys-DOPAC). Dopamine has 2 metabolic fates. One is the breakdown of dopamine by an enzyme to form DOPAC. The other is spontaneous oxidation to form Cys-DA. The ratio of Cys-DA/DOPAC may reflect these relative fates. If NAC reduced spontaneous oxidation to Cys-DA, then the ratio Cys-DA/DOPAC would decrease between LP 1 and LP 2, which would be reflected as a percent decrease. (NCT03104725)
Timeframe: All participants underwent a baseline LP. For PD participants, the second LP occurred approximately 2 hours after the participant had taken NAC the last NAC dose. For HV participants the second LP takes place approximately 48 hours after the first LP.

The Mean Percent Change in Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Concentration of 5-S-cysteinyl-dopamine (Cys-DA) Pre and Post-N-acetylcysteine (NAC) Treatment

Intervention	percent change (Mean)
Healthy Volunteers (HVs)	50.1
Parkinson's Disease (PD) Patients	27.2

Patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD) who took N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and healthy volunteers who did not take NAC, each had two separate lumbar punctures (LP 1 and LP 2) to obtain spinal fluid. The spinal fluid samples were used to measure the amount of a brain chemical called 5-S-cysteinyl-dopamine (Cys-DA). The primary outcome measure is the mean change in CSF Cys-DA levels between pre and post-NAC treatment, which is calculated as the difference of CSF Cys-DA levels at pre-treatment (LP 1) and post-treatment (LP 2) divided by CSF Cys-DA at pre-treatment (LP 1). A greater percent decrease in Cys-DA levels in the brain would suggest that NAC may contribute to a reduction in the oxidation of brain dopamine, while a smaller percent decrease would suggest that NAC had no effect on the oxidation of brain dopamine. (NCT03104725)
Timeframe: All participants underwent a baseline LP. For PD participants, the second LP occurred approximately 2 hours after the participant had taken NAC the last NAC dose. For HV participants the second LP takes place approximately 48 hours after the first LP.

Mean Ratio of Cys-DA/DOPAC Pre and Post-treatment Lumbar Puncture With and Without N-acetylcysteine (NAC)

Intervention	percent change (Mean)
Healthy Volunteers (HVs)	45.7
Parkinson's Disease (PD) Patients	20.1

Patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD) who took N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and healthy volunteers who did not take NAC, each had two separate lumbar punctures (LPs) to obtain spinal fluid. The spinal fluid samples were used to measure the ratio of the brain chemical called 5-S-cysteinyl-dopamine (Cys-DA) to the brain chemical called 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (Cys-DOPAC). Dopamine has 2 possible metabolic fates or processes of degradation. One fate is the breakdown of Dopamine by an enzyme to form DOPAC. The other fate is spontaneous oxidation to form Cys-DA. The ratio of Cys-DA to DOPAC may reflect these relative fates. If NAC reduced spontaneous oxidation to Cys-DA, then the ratio Cys-DA/DOPAC ratio would decrease between LP 1 and LP 2. (NCT03104725)
Timeframe: All participants underwent a baseline LP. For PD participants, the second LP occurred approximately 2 hours after the participant had taken NAC the last NAC dose. For HV participants the second LP takes place approximately 48 hours after the first LP.

Change From Baseline in Movement Disorder's Society - Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) (Parts I-III Combined Scores)

Intervention	ratio (Mean)
	Cys-DA/DOPAC LP1	Cys-DA/DOPAC LP2
Healthy Volunteers (HVs)	0.12	0.05
Parkinson's Disease (PD) Patients	0.16	0.13

"To evaluate clinical progression of PD as assessed by the MDS-UPDRS, combined score, Parts I, II, and III.~Part I - non-motor experiences of daily living; Part II - motor experiences of daily living; Part III - motor examination. Parts I and II each contain 13 questions measured on a 5-point scale (0-4). Part III contains 18 objective rater assessments of the motor signs of PD measured on a 5-point scale (0-4).~Total range for combined score (Part I-III) is = 0-176. Generally for MDS-UPDRS scores and sub-scores, the lower the score, the better.~Parts I, II, and III are summed to make the total score." (NCT02202551)
Timeframe: Up to 101 weeks. MDS-UPDRS was performed at the following visits: Screening, Week 8, Week 16, Week 28, Week 40, Week 52, Week 64, Week 76, Week 88, Week 100 (or ET).

Change From Baseline in Movement Disorder's Society - Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale MDS-UPDRS (Part IV - Motor Complications)

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
	Baseline	Change from Baseline at Week 8	Change from Baseline at Week 16	Change from Baseline at Week 28	Change from Baseline at Week 40	Change from Baseline at Week 52	Change from Baseline at Week 64	Change from Baseline at Week 76	Change from Baseline at Week 88	Change from Baseline at Week 100
ADS-5102 1A	41.8	1.2	1.6	4.8	7.5	13.2	8.8	11.7	11.3	11.4
ADS-5102 Group 1P	45.6	-2.8	-1.4	1.5	-0.4	2.6	2.6	7.3	3.7	3.7
ADS-5102 Group 2	52.8	0.8	5.7	6.5	1.6	6.1	6.1	9.4	6.4	6.5
ADS-5102 Group 3	52.4	-5.3	-5.2	-5.3	-4.8	-4.6	-4.6	-4.9	0.9	4.1

"This component (Questions 4.1 - 4.6) includes time spent with dyskinesia, functional impact of dyskinesia, time spent in OFF state, functional impact of fluctuations, complexity of motor fluctuations, painful OFF-state dystonia. Questions 4.1-4.6 are summed to make the Part IV score.~Generally for MDS-UPDRS scores and sub-scores, the lower the score, the better. Total range for Part IV is = 0-24" (NCT02202551)
Timeframe: 100 Weeks. MDS-UPDRS was performed at the following visits: Screening, Week 8, Week 16, Week 28, Week 40, Week 52, Week 64, Week 76, Week 88, Week 100 (or ET).

Number of Participants With Reported AEs and Safety-Related Study Drug Discontinuations

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
	Baseline	Change in Baseline from Week 8	Change in Baseline from Week 16	Change from Baseline at Week 28	Change from Baseline at Week 40	Change from Baseline at Week 52	Change from Baseline at Week 64	Change from Baseline at Week 76	Change from Baseline at Week 88	Change from Baseline at Week 100
Group 1a	6.5	-0.2	-0.8	-0.3	0.0	0.2	0.4	0.9	0.4	0.4
Group 1P	9.6	-3.4	-3.2	-3.3	-2.8	-2.9	-3.3	-2.9	-2.8	-2.4
Group 2	9.8	-3.6	-1.1	-1.4	-2.9	-2.5	-1.9	-2.7	-3.7	-3.6
Group 3	10.4	-4.0	-3.9	-4.4	-4.7	-3.6	-2.5	-3.7	-4.3	-3.6

The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of ADS-5102 oral capsules, an extended release (ER) formulation of amantadine, administered at a dose of 340 mg once daily at bedtime for the treatment of levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) in subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD). (NCT02202551)
Timeframe: Up to 101 weeks

Article	Year
Apathy in Parkinson's Disease: Clinical Patterns and Neurobiological Basis. Cells, 2023, 06-10, Volume: 12, Issue:12 Topics: Apathy; Depression; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Humans; Limbic System; Parkinson Disease; Syndrome	2023
Cardiovascular actions of DOPA mediated by the gene product of ocular albinism 1. Journal of pharmacological sciences, 2014, Volume: 126, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Baroreflex; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Eye Proteins; Humans; Hypotension; Membrane Glycoprotei	2014
Scientific rationale for the development of gene therapy strategies for Parkinson's disease. Biochimica et biophysica acta, 2009, Volume: 1792, Issue:7 Topics: Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Genetic Therapy; Genetic Vector	2009
PET studies of cerebral levodopa metabolism: a review of clinical findings and modeling approaches. The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry, 2009, Volume: 15, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Brain; Computer Simulation; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopa Decarboxylase; Dopamine; Humans; L	2009
[DOPA-responsive dystonia (Segawa's disease)]. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova, 2009, Volume: 109, Issue:8 Topics: Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine Agents; Dystonic Disorders; Humans; Parkinson Disease; Substance-Re	2009
Transcranial sonography in the premotor diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. International review of neurobiology, 2010, Volume: 90 Topics: Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Humans; Motor Neurons; Parkinson Disease; Positron-Emission Tomography; Pred	2010
Therapeutic potential of targeting group III metabotropic glutamate receptors in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. British journal of pharmacology, 2010, Volume: 161, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Basal Ganglia; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Humans; Nerve Degeneration; Neuroprotective Agents;	2010
[Functional imaging: role for the diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation of Parkinson's disease]. Revue neurologique, 2010, Volume: 166, Issue:10 Topics: Antiparkinson Agents; Brain Chemistry; Diagnosis, Differential; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine Age	2010
[Nuclear medicine imaging in patients with Parkinson's syndrome: an update]. Der Nervenarzt, 2010, Volume: 81, Issue:10 Topics: Animals; Brain; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Disease Progression; Dopamine; Energy Metabolism; Fluorodeox	2010
Imaging the nigrostriatal system to monitor disease progression and treatment-induced complications. Progress in brain research, 2010, Volume: 184 Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Corpus Striatum; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Disease P	2010
Brain imaging after neural transplantation. Progress in brain research, 2010, Volume: 184 Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Tissue Transplantation; Cerebral Cortex; Clinical Trials as Topic; Corpus Stri	2010
Gene therapy for dopamine replacement. Progress in brain research, 2010, Volume: 184 Topics: Animals; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Dopamine Agents; Drug Implants; Enzyme Replacement Therap	2010
Key factors determining the efficacy of gene therapy for continuous DOPA delivery in the Parkinsonian brain. Neurobiology of disease, 2012, Volume: 48, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Antiparkinson Agents; Aromatic-L-Amino-Acid Decarboxylases; Brain Chemistry; Dependovirus;	2012
Do dopamine agonists or levodopa modify Parkinson's disease progression? European journal of neurology, 2002, Volume: 9 Suppl 3 Topics: Animals; Antiparkinson Agents; Benzothiazoles; Carrier Proteins; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Disease Pro	2002
Imaging studies in movement disorders. Seminars in nuclear medicine, 2003, Volume: 33, Issue:2 Topics: Brain; Cocaine; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Humans; Movement Disorders; Parkinson Disease; Pre	2003
Functional imaging in Parkinson's disease: activation studies with PET, fMRI and SPECT. Journal of neurology, 2003, Volume: 250 Suppl 1 Topics: Brain; Brain Mapping; Diagnosis, Differential; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dyskinesias; Electric Stimula	2003
Dyskinesias after transplantation in Parkinson's disease. The Lancet. Neurology, 2002, Volume: 1, Issue:8 Topics: Animals; Brain Tissue Transplantation; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dyskinesias; Fetal Tissue Transplanta	2002
Assessment of neuroimaging techniques as biomarkers of the progression of Parkinson's disease. Experimental neurology, 2003, Volume: 184 Suppl 1 Topics: Animals; Basal Ganglia; Biomarkers; Cocaine; Diagnostic Imaging; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Disease Pro	2003
The sensitivity of 18-fluorodopa positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in Parkinson's disease. European journal of neurology, 2004, Volume: 11, Issue:1 Topics: Brain; Diagnosis, Differential; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Disease Progression; Humans; Magnetic Resona	2004
The role of radiotracer imaging in Parkinson disease. Neurology, 2005, Jan-25, Volume: 64, Issue:2 Topics: Biomarkers; Biotransformation; Blood-Brain Barrier; Carbon Radioisotopes; Clinical Trials as Topic;	2005
Role of [18F]-dopa-PET imaging in assessing movement disorders. Radiologic clinics of North America, 2005, Volume: 43, Issue:1 Topics: Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine Agonists; Fluorine Radioisotopes; Humans; Parkinson Disease; Positr	2005
[Advantages and limitations in the assessment of neuroprotective treatment of Parkinson's disease by functional imaging]. Revue neurologique, 2005, Volume: 161, Issue:4 Topics: Antiparkinson Agents; Cocaine; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Fluorine Radioisotopes; Humans; Parkinson Dis	2005
[3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl alanine (DOPA)]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2005, Volume: 63 Suppl 8 Topics: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Biomarkers; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; H	2005
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Single-photon emission tomography imaging of dopamine terminal innervation: a potential clinical tool in Parkinson's disease. European journal of nuclear medicine, 1994, Volume: 21, Issue:1 Topics: Carrier Proteins; Cocaine; Corpus Striatum; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Dopamine Plasma Membra	1994
Fluorodopa PET scanning in Parkinson's disease. Advances in neurology, 1996, Volume: 69 Topics: Animals; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Humans; Parkinson Disease; Substantia Nigra; Tomography,	1996
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Oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. Pathologie-biologie, 1996, Volume: 44, Issue:1 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Basal Ganglia Diseases; Cell Death; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine Agents; Glut	1996
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DOPA-responsive dystonic parkinsonism--pathophysiologic considerations. Advances in neurology, 1999, Volume: 80 Topics: Aging; Basal Ganglia; Base Sequence; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dystonia; GTP Cyclohydrolase; Humans; M	1999
PET studies and motor complications in Parkinson's disease. Trends in neurosciences, 2000, Volume: 23, Issue:10 Suppl Topics: Antiparkinson Agents; Brain; Corpus Striatum; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Fluo	2000
Assessing the integrity of the dopamine system in Parkinson's disease: how best to do it? Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2001, Volume: 16, Issue:5 Topics: Brain; Corpus Striatum; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Fluorine Radioisotopes; Humans; Neural Pat	2001
Contributions of PET and SPECT to the understanding of the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease. Neurophysiologie clinique = Clinical neurophysiology, 2001, Volume: 31, Issue:5 Topics: Aging; Animals; Antiparkinson Agents; Basal Ganglia; Brain Tissue Transplantation; Cell Transplantat	2001
[Iatrogenic damage possibilities in the drug therapy of neurologic and psychiatric diseases]. Medizinische Klinik, 1977, Aug-12, Volume: 72, Issue:32-33 Topics: Amantadine; Anticonvulsants; Barbiturates; Benzodiazepines; Carbamazepine; Central Nervous System Di	1977
Monoamine precursors and analogues. Pharmacology & therapeutics. Part B: General & systematic pharmacology, 1975, Volume: 1, Issue:3 Topics: 5-Hydroxytryptophan; Animals; Biogenic Amines; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase; Dr	1975
[The current treatment of Parkinson's disease]. Revue medicale de Liege, 1976, Oct-10, Volume: 31, Issue:19 Topics: Amantadine; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Drug Combinations; Histamine A	1976
Behavioural effects of genetically engineered cells releasing dopa and dopamine after intracerebral grafting in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Journal de physiologie, 1991, Volume: 85, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Catechols; Corpus Striatum; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine; Genet	1991
[Striatal 18F-dopa uptake measuring nigrostriatal function]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 1991, Volume: 49, Issue:7 Topics: Corpus Striatum; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Fluorine Radioisotopes; Humans; Parkinson Disease	1991
Cerebral glucose and dopa metabolism in movement disorders. The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques, 1987, Volume: 14, Issue:3 Suppl Topics: Animals; Brain; Deoxy Sugars; Deoxyglucose; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Humans; Huntington Disease; Park	1987
Positron emission tomography in movement disorders. The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques, 1985, Volume: 12, Issue:1 Topics: Brain; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Corpus Striatum; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Dystonia; Glu	1985
The treatment of parkinsonism. Current concepts. The Medical clinics of North America, 1972, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Acetylcholine; Antiparkinson Agents; Blood-Brain Barrier; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Drug Syn	1972
[Modern treatment of parkinsonism]. Zeitschrift fur Neurologie, 1972, Volume: 202, Issue:4 Topics: Antiparkinson Agents; Brain Stem; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Drug Synergism; Female; Gastroin	1972
Parkinson's disease: from brain homogenate to treatment. Federation proceedings, 1973, Volume: 32, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Brain; Caudate Nucleus; Corpus Striatum; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopa Decarboxylase; Dopami	1973
The pharmacotherapy of Parkinsonism. Progress in medicinal chemistry, 1972, Volume: 9, Issue:2 Topics: Acetylcholine; Antiparkinson Agents; Atropa belladonna; Brain; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; His	1972
The biochemistry of dyskinesias. International review of neurobiology, 1967, Volume: 10 Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Catecholamines; Cats; Copper; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dogs; Hepatolenticular	1967
The pharmacology of extrapyramidal movement disorders. Monographs in neural sciences, 1973, Volume: 2 Topics: Basal Ganglia Diseases; Chorea; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Dystonia Musculorum Deformans; Hep	1973
Pathophysiology of drug-induced dyskinesias. Neuropharmacology, 1972, Volume: 11, Issue:5 Topics: Brain; Brain Chemistry; Butyrophenones; Caudate Nucleus; Corpus Striatum; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Do	1972
Monoamine metabolites in lumbar CSF: the question of their origin in relation to clinical studies. Brain research, 1974, Oct-11, Volume: 79, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Brain; Cats; Cerebral Ventricles; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Choroi	1974
2-Dimethylaminoethanol (deanol): a brief review of its clinical efficacy and postulated mechanism of action. Current therapeutic research, clinical and experimental, 1974, Volume: 16, Issue:11 Topics: Acetylcholine; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain Chemistry; Carbon Radioisotopes; Child; Choline; Deanol; D	1974
[Recent trend in neurology]. Naika. Internal medicine, 1970, Volume: 25, Issue:1 Topics: Cerebrovascular Disorders; Demyelinating Diseases; Diet Therapy; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Epilepsy; H	1970
The importance of monoamine metabolism for the pathology of the extrapyramidal system. Journal of neuro-visceral relations, 1969, Volume: 31 Topics: Aged; Animals; Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylase Inhibitors; Brain; Catechol Oxidase; Catecholamines	1969
Drug-induced changes in brain dopamine and their relation to parkinsonism. The Scientific basis of medicine annual reviews, 1970 Topics: Animals; Basal Ganglia; Brain; Cerebral Ventricles; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Electric Stimu	1970
Theoretical implications of the use of L-dopa in parkinsonism. A review. Acta neurologica Scandinavica, 1970, Volume: 46, Issue:4 Topics: Acetylcholine; Amantadine; Animals; Cats; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Female; Haplorhini; Huma	1970
Levodopa: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use with particular reference to Parkinsonism. Drugs, 1971, Volume: 2, Issue:4 Topics: Amantadine; Animals; Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylase Inhibitors; Basal Ganglia Diseases; Brain Che	1971
[The role of dopamine in the physiology and pathology of the basal ganglia]. Zhurnal nevropatologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova (Moscow, Russia : 1952), 1972, Volume: 72, Issue:4 Topics: Basal Ganglia; Brain; Caudate Nucleus; Chlorpromazine; Corpus Striatum; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopa	1972
Advances in neurology. The Practitioner, 1972, Volume: 209, Issue:252 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Anticoagulants; Anticonvulsants; Antihypertens	1972
[Dopaminergic conception of Parkinsonism and its treatment with L-DOPA]. Zhurnal nevropatologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova (Moscow, Russia : 1952), 1972, Volume: 72, Issue:9 Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Basal Ganglia Diseases; Brain Chemistry; Corpus Striatum; Dihydroxyphenylala	1972
[Influencing of Parkinson's syndrome via intervention in the dopamine metabolism]. Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde, 1973, Feb-24, Volume: 117, Issue:8 Topics: Acetylcholine; Action Potentials; Benserazide; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Drug Combinations;	1973
Biochemical and pharmacological aspects of Parkinsonism. Acta neurologica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 1972, Volume: 51 Topics: Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Central Nervous System; Chemoreceptor Cells; Chlorpromazine; Co	1972
Dopamine in the basal ganglia. Its role and therapeutic implications (including the clinical use of L-DOPA). British medical bulletin, 1973, Volume: 29, Issue:2 Topics: Amphetamine; Animals; Basal Ganglia; Brain Chemistry; Butyrophenones; Corpus Striatum; Dihydroxyphen	1973
[Biochemical aspects of human behavior]. Wiener Zeitschrift fur Nervenheilkunde und deren Grenzgebiete, 1973, Volume: 31, Issue:3 Topics: Amantadine; Behavior; Biogenic Amines; Brain; Depression; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Epinephr	1973
The pharmacology of parkinsonism (a review). Diseases of the nervous system, 1968, Volume: 29, Issue:12 Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropa belladonna; Atropine; Central Nervous System; Chlorpromazine; Dextroa	1968
[Antiparkinson agents. 50]. Pharmazeutische Praxis, 1970, Volume: 12 Topics: Atropine; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Diphenhydramine; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Humans; Mephenesin; Mon	1970
Parkinson's syndrome. Recent progress in the medical treatment and its pharmacological basis. Minnesota medicine, 1971, Volume: 54, Issue:10 Topics: Amantadine; Atropine; Catecholamines; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Humans; Imip	1971
[Recent advances and pharmacological basis of the medical treatment of Parkinson's syndrome]. Shinkei kenkyu no shimpo. Advances in neurological sciences, 1971, Volume: 15, Issue:4 Topics: Amantadine; Catecholamines; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Humans; Imipramine; Pa	1971
Catecholamines. The New England journal of medicine, 1972, Aug-03, Volume: 287, Issue:5 Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Affective Symptoms; Animals; Brain; Catechol O-Methyltransferase; Catecholamines; D	1972
[Current treatment of Parkinson syndrome with L-dopa]. Polski tygodnik lekarski (Warsaw, Poland : 1960), 1972, May-22, Volume: 27, Issue:21 Topics: Administration, Oral; Blood-Brain Barrier; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopa Decarboxylase; Drug Synergis	1972
Drug therapy of parkinsonism. The New England journal of medicine, 1972, Jul-06, Volume: 287, Issue:1 Topics: Amantadine; Amitriptyline; Amphetamine; Antiparkinson Agents; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Drug Antagonis	1972
Pyridoxine, DOPA, and Parkinsonism. Advances in biochemical psychopharmacology, 1972, Volume: 4 Topics: Administration, Oral; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Drug Antagonism; Drug Intera	1972
The management of Parkinson's syndrome. The Medical clinics of North America, 1972, Volume: 56, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Amantadine; Benztropine; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Drug Synergism; Female; Huma	1972
Parkinsonism, levodopa, and anesthesia. Anesthesiology, 1972, Volume: 37, Issue:3 Topics: Amantadine; Anesthesia; Animals; Apomorphine; Benperidol; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Cardiovascular	1972
Comments on the adverse effect of concurrent pyridoxine administration on the efficacy of L-dopa in treating parkinsonism. The Nebraska medical journal, 1972, Volume: 57, Issue:9 Topics: Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Drug Interactions; Humans; Models, Biological; Parkinson Disease; Pyridoxine	1972
Dopamine and extrapyramidal motor function and dysfunction. Research publications - Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease, 1972, Volume: 50 Topics: Animals; Apomorphine; Basal Ganglia Diseases; Butyrophenones; Caudate Nucleus; Dihydroxyphenylalanin	1972
Advances in geriatrics. The Practitioner, 1972, Volume: 209, Issue:252 Topics: Aged; Amantadine; Diet Therapy; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Diverticulum, Colon; Drug-Related Side Effec	1972
[Clinical studies of autonomic centers]. Nihon seirigaku zasshi. Journal of the Physiological Society of Japan, 1972, Volume: 34, Issue:5 Topics: Autonomic Nervous System; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Fecal Incontinence; Human	1972
L-dopa metabolism in man (with special reference to parkinsonism). The Scientific basis of medicine annual reviews, 1972 Topics: Catecholamines; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Humans; Hydroxylation; Methylation; Norepinephrine	1972
[Biochemistry of depression]. Journal of neural transmission, 1972, Volume: 33, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Bipolar Disorder; Brain; Central Nervous System; Depression; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Glycol	1972
[Parkinsonism. Therapeutic, pathophysiological, pharmacological and biochemical aspects]. Ugeskrift for laeger, 1973, Jan-15, Volume: 135, Issue:3 Topics: Amantadine; Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylase Inhibitors; Central Nervous System; Dihydroxyphenylala	1973
Augmenting the action of levodopa. Postgraduate medical journal, 1972, Volume: 48, Issue:565 Topics: Amantadine; Antacids; Apomorphine; Carboxy-Lyases; Catechol O-Methyltransferase Inhibitors; Dihydrox	1972
[Review of current pharmacotherapy of Parkinsonism. Comprehensive review]. Ceskoslovenska neurologie, 1973, Volume: 36, Issue:3 Topics: 5-Hydroxytryptophan; Amantadine; Anticonvulsants; Apomorphine; Benztropine; Carboxy-Lyases; Chemical	1973
Mental effects of L-dopa. Annual review of medicine, 1973, Volume: 24 Topics: Affective Symptoms; Behavior; Cognition; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Humans; Learning; Memory;	1973
Parkinson's disease; modern treatment. Minnesota medicine, 1973, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Amantadine; Amphetamine; Antidepressive Agents; Antiparkinson Agents; Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxyl	1973
Recent advances in the treatment of Parkinsonism with drugs. Acta neurologica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 1972, Volume: 51 Topics: Amantadine; Animals; Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylase Inhibitors; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Blood-Brain	1972
Therapeutic uses and side effects of L-dopa. Advances in internal medicine, 1972, Volume: 18 Topics: Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylase Inhibitors; Barbiturates; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Drug Synergism;	1972
Role of dopamine in the nervous system. Monographs in human genetics, 1972, Volume: 6 Topics: Acetylcholine; Aminobutyrates; Autonomic Nervous System; Basal Ganglia; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopa	1972
[Hereditary aspects of Parkinson's disease (review of the literature)]. Zhurnal nevropatologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova (Moscow, Russia : 1952), 1973, Volume: 73, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Catecholamines; Child; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Diseases in Twins; Female; G	1973
[Long term treatment of a parkinsonism with l-dopa]. Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke, 1973, Oct-10, Volume: 93, Issue:28 Topics: Administration, Oral; Athetosis; Chorea; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Humans; Nausea; Parkinson Disease;	1973
[Factors which influence infavourably l-dopa treatment]. Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke, 1973, Oct-10, Volume: 93, Issue:28 Topics: Administration, Oral; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Par	1973
[Decarboxylase inhibitor given in combination with l-dopa. A new therapeutic principal in parkinsonism]. Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke, 1973, Oct-10, Volume: 93, Issue:28 Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Benserazide; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Human	1973
[Other trials with drug therapy in parkinsonism]. Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke, 1973, Oct-10, Volume: 93, Issue:28 Topics: 5-Hydroxytryptophan; Amitriptyline; Animals; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Disulfiram; Drug Evaluation; Dr	1973
Quantitative evaluation of neuropharmacological trials. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 1974, Volume: 15, Issue:3 Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Age Factors; Amantadine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanin	1974
Functional aspects of the role of catecholamines in the central nervous system. British medical bulletin, 1973, Volume: 29, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Brain; Catecholamines; Corpus Striatum; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Epinephrine; Huma	1973
[Biochemical and clinical correlations in Parkinson's disease]. Revue neurologique, 1972, Volume: 127, Issue:2 Topics: Brain; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Homovanillic Acid; Humans; Movement Disorders; Norepinephri	1972
Alkaloids in the mammalian system. Lloydia, 1974, Volume: 37, Issue:2 Topics: 5-Hydroxytryptophan; Acetaldehyde; Alkaloids; Animals; Aporphines; Biogenic Amines; Catalysis; Cells	1974
Parkinson's syndrome--modern therapy, known facts and unanswered questions. Pharmakopsychiatrie, Neuro-Psychopharmakologie, 1973, Volume: 6, Issue:5 Topics: Brain; Brain Stem; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Extrapyramidal T	1973
L-dopa, behavioral activation and psychopathology. Research publications - Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease, 1972, Volume: 50 Topics: Anger; Animals; Arousal; Behavior; Behavior, Animal; Bipolar Disorder; Brain; Catecholamines; Cerebr	1972
[Biochemical aspect of Parkinson's disease]. No to shinkei = Brain and nerve, 1968, Volume: 20, Issue:11 Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Basement Membrane; Brain; Carbachol; Catecholamines; Dihydroxyphen	1968
[l-dopa treatment of Parkinson's syndrome and mechanism of action of neuroleptics]. Medizinische Klinik, 1969, Aug-15, Volume: 64, Issue:33 Topics: Acetylcholine; Basal Ganglia; Butyrophenones; Chorea; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Extrapyramid	1969
[Biochemistry of the extrapyramidal system--from anatomical viewpoint]. Shinkei kenkyu no shimpo. Advances in neurological sciences, 1968, Volume: 12, Issue:4 Topics: Amines; Animals; Cytoplasm; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Extrapyramidal Tracts; Histocytochemis	1968
L-dopa therapy in Parkinson's disease: a critical review of nine years' experience. Canadian Medical Association journal, 1969, Dec-27, Volume: 101, Issue:13 Topics: Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Humans; Parkinson Disease	1969
Use of drugs in the treatment of parkinsonism. Nutrition reviews, 1970, Volume: 28, Issue:1 Topics: Amantadine; Depression; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Humans; Hypertension;	1970
Biosynthesis and metabolism of the catecholamines. Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift, 1970, Mar-21, Volume: 100, Issue:12 Topics: Brain; Catecholamines; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopa Decarboxylase; Epinephrine; Female; Glycols; Iso	1970
L-Dopa and Parkinsonism. Nature, 1970, Apr-04, Volume: 226, Issue:5240 Topics: Basal Ganglia; Blood-Brain Barrier; Clinical Trials as Topic; Delusions; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dop	1970
Cerebral metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid as a biochemical approach to the brain. Brain : a journal of neurology, 1970, Volume: 93, Issue:2 Topics: Amines; Animals; Basal Ganglia; Biological Transport, Active; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Cerebral V	1970
[Treatment of Parkinson's disease with L-dopa]. La Clinica terapeutica, 1970, May-15, Volume: 53, Issue:3 Topics: Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Basal Ganglia; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Depression; Dihydroxyphenylalanine;	1970
Parkinson's disease. II. New York state journal of medicine, 1970, Nov-15, Volume: 70, Issue:22 Topics: Basal Ganglia; Catecholamines; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Gait; Humans; Mental Processes; Movement Diso	1970
L-DOPA, catecholamines, and behavior: a clinical and biochemical study in depressed patients. Biological psychiatry, 1970, Volume: 2, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Aggression; Anger; Behavior; Bipolar Disorder; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Carboxy-Lyases; Catecho	1970
The conduct of initial drug studies in man. British medical bulletin, 1970, Volume: 26, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Therapy; Dru	1970
[Biochemical bases for the treatment of Parkinson's syndrome with L-dopa]. Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift, 1970, May-09, Volume: 100, Issue:19 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Cardiovascular System; Cats; Digestive System	1970
[Recent progress in neurology]. Naika. Internal medicine, 1971, Volume: 27, Issue:1 Topics: Abdomen; Brain Death; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Demyelinating Diseases; Diffuse Cerebral Sclerosis	1971
L-dopa therapy in Parkinson's disease. Virginia medical monthly, 1971, Volume: 98, Issue:5 Topics: Delirium; Depression; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Hallucinations; Humans; H	1971
[Pathomechanism and pharmacological treatment of Parkinson's disease]. Polski tygodnik lekarski (Warsaw, Poland : 1960), 1971, Jun-21, Volume: 26, Issue:25 Topics: Acetylcholine; Alkaloids; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Epinephrine; Histocytochemistry; Humans;	1971
The shaking patient and advances in the therapy of Parkinsonism. Modern treatment, 1971, Volume: 8, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Parkinson Disease; Tremor; U	1971
Observations on the range of efficacy of L-dopa. Confinia neurologica, 1971, Volume: 33, Issue:3 Topics: Brain Diseases; Brain Stem; Cerebellar Diseases; Dementia; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Extrapy	1971
[L-dopa in the treatment of parkinsonism]. Przeglad lekarski, 1971, Sep-30, Volume: 27, Issue:9 Topics: Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Humans; Parkinson Disease	1971
[Therapy and problems of parkinsonism]. Der Nervenarzt, 1971, Volume: 42, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Aged; Amantadine; Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Apomorphine; Brain Chemistry; Brain Stem; D	1971
On the mode of action of L-dopa in Parkinson's disease. Biochemical medicine, 1970, Volume: 3, Issue:4 Topics: Brain; Catechols; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopa Decarboxylase; Dopamin	1970
Metabolic modification of Parkinson's disease and of chronic manganese poisoning. Annual review of medicine, 1971, Volume: 22 Topics: Animals; Brain; Choline; Chronic Disease; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Drug Synergism; Humans; Manganese	1971
[Parkinson's disease: current therapeutic aspects]. La Clinica terapeutica, 1971, Jan-15, Volume: 56, Issue:1 Topics: 5-Hydroxytryptophan; Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylase Inhibitors; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Humans; M	1971
Current concepts of Parkinsonism. Postgraduate medical journal, 1971, Volume: 47, Issue:554 Topics: Amantadine; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Humans; Parasympatholytics; Parkinson Disease; Stereotaxic Techn	1971
Levodopa in Parkinsonism. Drugs, 1971, Volume: 2, Issue:4 Topics: Brain; Brain Chemistry; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Drug Synergism; Humans; Hypotension; Movem	1971
A summary of overseas experience with L-dopa in Parkinson's disease. Australian and New Zealand journal of medicine, 1971, Volume: 1 Topics: Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Parkinson Disease	1971
Psychiatric side effects of levodopa in man. JAMA, 1971, Dec-27, Volume: 218, Issue:13 Topics: Animals; Brain; Catecholamines; Cognition Disorders; Delirium; Depression; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; D	1971

Article	Year
Pedunculopontine and Cuneiform Nuclei Deep Brain Stimulation for Severe Gait and Balance Disorders in Parkinson's Disease: Interim Results from a Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial. Journal of Parkinson's disease, 2022, Volume: 12, Issue:2 Topics: Deep Brain Stimulation; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Gait; Gait Disorders, Neurologic; Humans; Parkinson	2022
Stimulation of the pedunculopontine and cuneiform nuclei for freezing of gait and falls in Parkinson disease: Cross-over single-blinded study and long-term follow-up. Parkinsonism & related disorders, 2022, Volume: 96 Topics: Deep Brain Stimulation; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Follow-Up Studies; Gait; Gait Disorders, Neurologic;	2022
Striatal Blood-Brain Barrier Opening in Parkinson's Disease Dementia: A Pilot Exploratory Study. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2022, Volume: 37, Issue:10 Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Blood-Brain Barrier; Corpus Striatum; Dementia; Dihydroxyp	2022
Efficacy and safety of standardized extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum L seeds as an adjuvant to L-Dopa in the management of patients with Parkinson's disease. Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2014, Volume: 28, Issue:2 Topics: Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; Aged; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Levodopa	2014
Anxiety-provoked gait changes are selectively dopa-responsive in Parkinson's disease. The European journal of neuroscience, 2015, Volume: 42, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Anxiety; Biomechanical Phenomena; Case-Control Studies; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine Agent	2015
Biochemical and clinical effects of Whey protein supplementation in Parkinson's disease: A pilot study. Journal of the neurological sciences, 2016, Aug-15, Volume: 367 Topics: Amino Acids; Antiparkinson Agents; Brain; Dietary Supplements; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Double-Blind	2016
Carnosine [corrected] increases efficiency of DOPA therapy of Parkinson's disease: a pilot study. Rejuvenation research, 2008, Volume: 11, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Carnosine; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Drug Synergism; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; M	2008
Homocysteine levels after acute levodopa intake in patients with Parkinson's disease. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2009, Jul-15, Volume: 24, Issue:9 Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Antiparkinson Agents; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Female; Homocysteine; Huma	2009
Dopamine cell implantation in Parkinson's disease: long-term clinical and (18)F-FDOPA PET outcomes. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2010, Volume: 51, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Brain; Cell Transplantation; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Double-Blin	2010
Comparison of dopamine turnover, dopamine influx constant and activity ratio of striatum and occipital brain with ¹⁸F-dopa brain PET in normal controls and patients with Parkinson's disease. European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, 2011, Volume: 38, Issue:8 Topics: Case-Control Studies; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Early Diagnosis; Female; Humans; Male; Middl	2011
A comparison of the progression of early Parkinson's disease in patients started on ropinirole or L-dopa: an 18F-dopa PET study. Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996), 2002, Volume: 109, Issue:12 Topics: Aged; Antiparkinson Agents; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Disease Progression; Fluorine Radioisotopes; Fol	2002
Crossover study of (99m)Tc-TRODAT-1 SPECT and (18)F-FDOPA PET in Parkinson's disease patients. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2003, Volume: 44, Issue:7 Topics: Aged; Corpus Striatum; Cross-Over Studies; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged	2003
A double-blind controlled trial of bilateral fetal nigral transplantation in Parkinson's disease. Annals of neurology, 2003, Volume: 54, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Brain Tissue Transplantation; Cell Survival; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Double-B	2003
[18F]fluorodopa uptake in the upper brainstem measured with positron emission tomography correlates with decreased REM sleep duration in early Parkinson's disease. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery, 2003, Volume: 105, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Brain Stem; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Age	2003
Chronic levodopa intake increases levodopa plasma bioavailability in patients with Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience letters, 2004, Jun-17, Volume: 363, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Antiparkinson Agents; Area Under Curve; Benserazide; Biological A	2004
A technique for standardized central analysis of 6-(18)F-fluoro-L-DOPA PET data from a multicenter study. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2004, Volume: 45, Issue:7 Topics: Algorithms; Antiparkinson Agents; Canada; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine Agents; France; Germany;	2004
Levodopa effect on [18F]fluorodopa influx to brain: normal volunteers and patients with Parkinson's disease. Acta neurologica Scandinavica, 2004, Volume: 110, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood-Brain Barrier; Body Fluid Compartments; Bra	2004
Cortical 6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa uptake and frontal cognitive functions in early Parkinson's disease. Neurobiology of aging, 2005, Volume: 26, Issue:6 Topics: Aging; Cerebral Cortex; Cognition Disorders; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Ag	2005
Dopamine storage capacity in caudate and putamen of patients with early Parkinson's disease: correlation with asymmetry of motor symptoms. Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 2006, Volume: 26, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Brain; Caudate Nucleus; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Fluorine Radioisotopes; Functional L	2006
Improving influx constant and ratio estimation in FDOPA brain PET analysis for Parkinson's disease. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2005, Volume: 46, Issue:10 Topics: Brain; Brain Mapping; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Female; Humans; Image Enhancement; Image Interpretatio	2005
Dementia in Parkinson disease: functional imaging of cholinergic and dopaminergic pathways. Neurology, 2005, Dec-13, Volume: 65, Issue:11 Topics: Acetates; Acetylcholine; Acetylcholinesterase; Aged; Atrophy; Binding, Competitive; Brain; Brain Map	2005
An effect of dopamine depletion on decision-making: the temporal coupling of deliberation and execution. Journal of cognitive neuroscience, 2005, Volume: 17, Issue:12 Topics: Aged; Antiparkinson Agents; Basal Ganglia; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Decision Making; Dihydr	2005
Randomized controlled trial of intraputamenal glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor infusion in Parkinson disease. Annals of neurology, 2006, Volume: 59, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind	2006
[Bromocriptin in the treatment of progressive stages of Parkinson's disease (author's transl)]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1982, Feb-05, Volume: 107, Issue:5 Topics: Aged; Bromocriptine; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged;	1982
The effect of entacapone (OR-611) on brain [18F]-6-L-fluorodopa metabolism: implications for levodopa therapy of Parkinson's disease. Neurology, 1994, Volume: 44, Issue:7 Topics: Aged; Brain; Carbidopa; Catechol O-Methyltransferase Inhibitors; Catechols; Corpus Striatum; Dihydro	1994
The rate of progression of Parkinson's disease. A longitudinal [18F]DOPA PET study. Advances in neurology, 1996, Volume: 69 Topics: Aged; Aging; Caudate Nucleus; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Disease Progression; Humans; Longitudinal Stud	1996
Early morning akinesia in Parkinson's disease: effect of standard carbidopa/levodopa and sustained-release carbidopa/levodopa. Neurology, 1996, Volume: 46, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Carbidopa; Circadian Rhythm; Cross-Over Studies; Delayed-Action Preparations; Dihydroxyphenyla	1996
Striatal [18F]fluorodopa utilization after COMT inhibition with entacapone studied with PET in advanced Parkinson's disease. Journal of neural transmission. Parkinson's disease and dementia section, 1995, Volume: 10, Issue:2-3 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analysis of Variance; Catechol O-Methyltransferase Inhibitors; Catechols; C	1995
Cognitive impairment and the brain dopaminergic system in Parkinson disease: [18F]fluorodopa positron emission tomographic study. Archives of neurology, 2000, Volume: 57, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Caudate Nucleus; Cognition Disorders; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Female; Frontal Lobe;	2000
Transplantation of embryonic dopamine neurons for severe Parkinson's disease. The New England journal of medicine, 2001, Mar-08, Volume: 344, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Brain; Brain Tissue Transplantation; Control Groups; Culture Techniques; D	2001
Transplantation of embryonic dopamine neurons for severe Parkinson's disease. The New England journal of medicine, 2001, Mar-08, Volume: 344, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Brain; Brain Tissue Transplantation; Control Groups; Culture Techniques; D	2001
Transplantation of embryonic dopamine neurons for severe Parkinson's disease. The New England journal of medicine, 2001, Mar-08, Volume: 344, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Brain; Brain Tissue Transplantation; Control Groups; Culture Techniques; D	2001
Transplantation of embryonic dopamine neurons for severe Parkinson's disease. The New England journal of medicine, 2001, Mar-08, Volume: 344, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Brain; Brain Tissue Transplantation; Control Groups; Culture Techniques; D	2001
Transplantation of embryonic dopamine neurons for severe Parkinson's disease. The New England journal of medicine, 2001, Mar-08, Volume: 344, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Brain; Brain Tissue Transplantation; Control Groups; Culture Techniques; D	2001
Transplantation of embryonic dopamine neurons for severe Parkinson's disease. The New England journal of medicine, 2001, Mar-08, Volume: 344, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Brain; Brain Tissue Transplantation; Control Groups; Culture Techniques; D	2001
Transplantation of embryonic dopamine neurons for severe Parkinson's disease. The New England journal of medicine, 2001, Mar-08, Volume: 344, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Brain; Brain Tissue Transplantation; Control Groups; Culture Techniques; D	2001
Transplantation of embryonic dopamine neurons for severe Parkinson's disease. The New England journal of medicine, 2001, Mar-08, Volume: 344, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Brain; Brain Tissue Transplantation; Control Groups; Culture Techniques; D	2001
Transplantation of embryonic dopamine neurons for severe Parkinson's disease. The New England journal of medicine, 2001, Mar-08, Volume: 344, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Brain; Brain Tissue Transplantation; Control Groups; Culture Techniques; D	2001
Blinded positron emission tomography study of dopamine cell implantation for Parkinson's disease. Annals of neurology, 2001, Volume: 50, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Middle Aged; Parkinso	2001
18F-dopa PET evidence that tolcapone acts as a central COMT inhibitor in Parkinson's disease. Synapse (New York, N.Y.), 2002, Mar-01, Volume: 43, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Benzophenones; Catechol O-Methyltransferase; Catechol O-Methyltransferase Inhibitors; Caudate	2002
[Effect of MK-486 alone on Parkinsonism; studies on the clinical symptoms and catecholamine concentrations in the blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid]. No to shinkei = Brain and nerve, 1977, Volume: 29, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Carbidopa; Catecholamines; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Female;	1977
Plasma concentrations of L-dopa and 3-methoxydopa and improvement in clinical ratings and motor performance in patients with Parkinsonism treated with L-dopa alone or in combination with amantadine. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 1975, Volume: 38, Issue:2 Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Amantadine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Disability	1975
Failed levodopa therapy in striato-nigral degeneration. Lancet (London, England), 1971, Jun-26, Volume: 1, Issue:7713 Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nerve Degenerat	1971
Changes in taste under L-DOPA therapy. Zeitschrift fur Neurologie, 1971, Volume: 200, Issue:4 Topics: Carboxy-Lyases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Humans; Hydrazines; Parkinson Dise	1971
Treatment of Parkinson's disease with L-DOPA and decarboxylase inhibitor. Zeitschrift fur Neurologie, 1972, Volume: 202, Issue:1 Topics: Biopsy; Carboxy-Lyases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Drug Combinations; Drug Sy	1972
Amantadine in migraine. Lancet (London, England), 1972, Aug-26, Volume: 2, Issue:7774 Topics: Amantadine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Humans; Migraine Disorders; Parkinson	1972
Metatyrosine in the treatment of parkinsonism. Lancet (London, England), 1972, Sep-16, Volume: 2, Issue:7777 Topics: Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Mice; Midd	1972
Sustained-release levodopa in parkinsonism. Lancet (London, England), 1973, Feb-24, Volume: 1, Issue:7800 Topics: Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Delayed-Action Preparations; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Humans; Middle	1973
Methyldopa or methyldopahydrazine as levodopa synergists. Lancet (London, England), 1973, Jun-02, Volume: 1, Issue:7814 Topics: Carbidopa; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Drug Synergism; Humans; Hydrazines; Methyldopa; Parkinson Disease	1973
Levodopa and L-tryptophan therapy in Parkinsonism. Lancet (London, England), 1972, Mar-25, Volume: 1, Issue:7752 Topics: Aged; Depression; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Female; Gait; Homovanillic Acid; Humans; Hydroxyindoleacet	1972
Effect of L-dopa or amantadine therapy on sleep spindles in Parkinsonism. Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology, 1973, Volume: 35, Issue:3 Topics: Action Potentials; Adult; Aged; Amantadine; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Electroencephalography; Electrom	1973
A year's comparison of treatment of patients with parkinson's disease with levodopa combined with carbidopa versus treatment with levodopa alone. Lancet (London, England), 1973, Dec-29, Volume: 2, Issue:7844 Topics: Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylase Inhibitors; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dose-Resp	1973
Letter: Levodopa-propranolol therapy in parkinsonian tremor. Lancet (London, England), 1974, Mar-09, Volume: 1, Issue:7854 Topics: Blood-Brain Barrier; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Neur	1974
Letter: Intravenous thyrotrophin-releasing hormone in Parkinson's disease. Lancet (London, England), 1974, Apr-20, Volume: 1, Issue:7860 Topics: Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; H	1974
Letter: Lithium in Parkinson's disease. Lancet (London, England), 1974, Jun-01, Volume: 1, Issue:7866 Topics: Carbonates; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Drug Antagonism; Drug Evaluation; Drug	1974
Letter: Propranolol in Parkinson's disease. Lancet (London, England), 1974, Aug-17, Volume: 2, Issue:7877 Topics: Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Drug Evaluation; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Parkinson Disease; Place	1974
Modification of Parkinsonism--chronic treatment with L-dopa. The New England journal of medicine, 1969, Feb-13, Volume: 280, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Aged; Agranulocytosis; Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylase Inhibitors; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Blo	1969
Effects of L-dopa in Parkinson's disease. Lancet (London, England), 1969, Jul-26, Volume: 2, Issue:7613 Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Humans; Parkinson Disease; Placebos; Tremor	1969
L-dopa in idiopathic parkinsonism. Lancet (London, England), 1969, Nov-08, Volume: 2, Issue:7628 Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Humans; Hypotension, Orthostatic; Mental Disorders	1969
Treatment of drug-induced dyskinesias. Lancet (London, England), 1970, Feb-14, Volume: 1, Issue:7642 Topics: Aged; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Humans; Methyldopa; Middle Aged; Movement Disorders; Parkinson Disease	1970
Amantadine for Parkinson's disease. Lancet (London, England), 1970, May-02, Volume: 1, Issue:7653 Topics: Amantadine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Humans; Parkinson Disease; Placebos	1970
Amantadine versus L-2 dopa and amatadine plus L-dopa. Lancet (London, England), 1970, Jul-18, Volume: 2, Issue:7664 Topics: Amantadine; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Humans; Parkinson Disease	1970
Combined treatment of parkinsonism with L-dopa and amantadine. Lancet (London, England), 1970, Aug-22, Volume: 2, Issue:7669 Topics: Aged; Amantadine; Chorea; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Female; Humans; Hypotens	1970
Combined treatment of parkinsonism with L-dopa and amantadine. Lancet (London, England), 1970, Sep-12, Volume: 2, Issue:7672 Topics: Amantadine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Humans; Parkinson Disease; Placebos	1970
Treatment of Parkinsonism with L-dopa and amantadine. Lancet (London, England), 1970, Oct-03, Volume: 2, Issue:7675 Topics: Amantadine; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Humans; Parkinson Disease; Placebos	1970
[10 years of L-DOPA therapy of Parkinson's syndrome]. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, 1971, Apr-02, Volume: 83, Issue:13 Topics: Administration, Oral; Amphetamine; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Catecholamines; Clinical Trials as Topi	1971
Clinical effects of para-chlorophenylalanine in Parkinson's disease. Diseases of the nervous system, 1972, Volume: 33, Issue:12 Topics: Aged; Benztropine; Brain; Clinical Trials as Topic; Depression; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Evaluation S	1972
[2-year experiences with a combination treatment of Parkinsonism with L-dopa and a decarboxylase inhibitor (Benserazid, Ro 4-4602)]. Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1974, Jun-01, Volume: 124, Issue:22 Topics: Benserazide; Carboxy-Lyases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dermatitis, Seborrheic; Dihydroxyphenylalanin	1974
Levodopa's awakening effect on patients with Parkinsonism. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 1971, Volume: 34, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Arousal; Attention; Auditory Perception; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cognition; Dihydroxy	1971
Administration of amandine to patients on optimum L-dopa dosage. Acta neurologica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 1972, Volume: 51 Topics: Amantadine; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Humans; Parkin	1972
Levodopa in Parkinsonism: potentiation of central effects with a peripheral inhibitor. The New England journal of medicine, 1972, Jan-06, Volume: 286, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Biotransformation; Brain; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning; Cerebral Palsy; Ch	1972
Effects of levodopa on systolic preejection period, blood pressure, and heart rate during acute and chronic treatment of Parkinson's disease. Circulation, 1972, Volume: 45, Issue:1 Topics: Blood Pressure; Cardiac Output; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Electroc	1972
Mood changes during l-dopa therapy. The Journal of the Medical Society of New Jersey, 1972, Volume: 69, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Affective Symptoms; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; F	1972
[Therapy of Parkinson's syndrome with L-dopa and a decarboxylase inhibitor (Ro 4-4602). Course in 71 patients]. Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift, 1972, Jan-22, Volume: 102, Issue:3 Topics: Basal Ganglia Diseases; Carboxy-Lyases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxy	1972
[Evaluation of L-DOPA in Parkinsonism with special reference to the study by double-blind method]. Naika. Internal medicine, 1972, Volume: 29, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female;	1972
[Predictive value of the probenecid test for the effect of L-DOPA therapy in Parkinson's disease]. Nature: New biology, 1972, Apr-19, Volume: 236, Issue:68 Topics: Adult; Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Evaluation Studies as Topic	1972
[Management of Parkinson's syndrome using levadopa. Results of a long-term study]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1972, Apr-28, Volume: 97, Issue:17 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Antiparkinson Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Depression; Dihyd	1972
Pyridoxine, DOPA, and Parkinsonism. Advances in biochemical psychopharmacology, 1972, Volume: 4 Topics: Administration, Oral; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Drug Antagonism; Drug Intera	1972
Treatment of Parkinson's disease with amantadine and L-Dopa. European neurology, 1972, Volume: 7, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Amantadine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dru	1972
The comparative value of amantadine and levodopa. Postgraduate medical journal, 1972, Volume: 48, Issue:560 Topics: Amantadine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Humans; Middle Aged; Parkinson Disease	1972
Levodopa in Parkinson's disease: effect on pulmonary function. Archives of internal medicine, 1972, Volume: 130, Issue:3 Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Fe	1972
Plasma concentration of levodopa in Parkinsonism before and after inhibition of peripheral decarboxylase. Journal of the neurological sciences, 1972, Volume: 17, Issue:1 Topics: Carboxy-Lyases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Humans; Hydrazines; Male; Methyldo	1972
Levodopa in parkinsonism. The Practitioner, 1972, Volume: 208, Issue:247 Topics: Adult; Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pa	1972
Injected apomorphine and orally administered levodopa in Parkinsonism. Archives of neurology, 1972, Volume: 27, Issue:6 Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Apomorphine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Drug Anta	1972
Combined L-dopa and amantadine in Parkinsonism. Australian and New Zealand journal of medicine, 1972, Volume: 2, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Amantadine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Drug Synergism; Female; Humans;	1972
[Therapy of Parkinsonism using L-dopa in combination with a decarboxylase inhibitor]. Fortschritte der Neurologie, Psychiatrie, und ihrer Grenzgebiete, 1972, Volume: 40, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Aged; Carboxy-Lyases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Drug Combinations; Fe	1972
[Clinical evaluation of the drugs and quantitative nosography]. Bollettino chimico farmaceutico, 1972, Volume: 111, Issue:9 Topics: Amantadine; Biopharmaceutics; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Evaluation Studies a	1972
[Treatment of Parkinson's disease with L-dopa and with a combination of L-dopa and dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor]. Minerva medica, 1972, Dec-12, Volume: 63, Issue:89 Topics: Aged; Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylase Inhibitors; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine	1972
[Treatment of Parkinson's disease with amantadine]. Therapeutique (La Semaine des hopitaux), 1972, Volume: 48, Issue:9 Topics: Administration, Oral; Amantadine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Drug Synergism;	1972
Oxybate sodium for parkinsonism. JAMA, 1973, Apr-02, Volume: 224, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Oral; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; In	1973
3-O-Methyldopa, L-dopa, and trihexyphenidyl in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Mayo Clinic proceedings, 1973, Volume: 48, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Disability Evaluation; Drug Interactions; Fe	1973
Brocresine in Parkinson's disease. Action of a peripheral and central decarboxylase inhibitor in potentiating levodopa. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 1973, Volume: 36, Issue:1 Topics: Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Carboxy-Lyases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cresols; Dihydroxyphenylalanin	1973
Diets affecting treatment of parkinsonism with levodopa. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 1973, Volume: 62, Issue:5 Topics: Amino Acids; Calcium, Dietary; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diet; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Fats;	1973
Interaction between levodopa and methyldopa. British medical journal, 1973, Apr-14, Volume: 2, Issue:5858 Topics: Blood Pressure; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Drug Synergism; Humans; Methyldopa	1973
[Clinical study of L-dopa in Parkinson's disease]. Bruxelles medical, 1972, Volume: 52, Issue:12 Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyph	1972
The influence of L-dopa on physical treatment of Parkinsonism. Acta neurologica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 1972, Volume: 51 Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Motor Activity; Movemen	1972
L-dopa, Parkinson's disease and pupillary reaction to light. Monographs in human genetics, 1972, Volume: 6 Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Electrooculography; Humans; Parkinson Disease; Pup	1972
Etilefrine in the treatment of levodopa-induced orthostatic hypotension. Archives of neurology, 1973, Volume: 29, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Evaluation Studies as Topic;	1973
The effect of adding amantadine to optimum L-dopa dosage in Parkinson's syndrome. Acta neurologica Scandinavica, 1973, Volume: 49, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Amantadine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Drug Synergism; Female; Humans;	1973
[Experiences in the treatment of Parkinson's disease with a combination drug: L-dopa plus decarboxylase inhibitor (Ro 8-0576)]. Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1973, Jun-30, Volume: 123, Issue:26 Topics: Benserazide; Carboxy-Lyases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Drug Combinations; Ev	1973
Long-term therapy of Parkinson's disease with amantadine, alone and combined with levodopa. Canadian Medical Association journal, 1973, Oct-06, Volume: 109, Issue:7 Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Aged; Amantadine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Eval	1973
Evaluation of alpha methyl dopa and alpha methyl dopa hydrazine with L-dopa therapy. New York state journal of medicine, 1974, Volume: 74, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Carbidopa; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Drug Evaluation; Drug Ther	1974
Quantitative evaluation of neuropharmacological trials. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 1974, Volume: 15, Issue:3 Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Age Factors; Amantadine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanin	1974
A double-blind controlled study of MK-486 in Parkinson's disease. Transactions of the American Neurological Association, 1973, Volume: 98 Topics: Aged; Anorexia Nervosa; Antiparkinson Agents; Carbidopa; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylal	1973
A quantitative evaluation of the effects of L-dopa on Parkinson's disease. Neuropharmacology, 1973, Volume: 12, Issue:2 Topics: Arm; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Humans; Movement; Movement Disorders; Muscle	1973
Levodopa combined with MK 486 (L-alpha methyldopahydrazine)--a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor in Parkinson's disease. The Medical journal of Australia, 1974, Mar-23, Volume: 1, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Aged; Carbidopa; Carboxy-Lyases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Drug Thera	1974
[Treatment of Parkinsonic syndrome with levo-Dopa. Case reports]. Minerva medica, 1974, May-02, Volume: 65, Issue:33 Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans;	1974
KR 339 in the treatment of Parkinsonian tremor. Acta neurologica Scandinavica, 1974, Volume: 50, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Amantadine; Antiparkinson Agents; Blood Sedimentation; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Clinical Trials	1974
[Kr 339 in the treatment of parkinsonian tremor]. Duodecim; laaketieteellinen aikakauskirja, 1974, Volume: 90, Issue:8 Topics: Aged; Amantadine; Antiparkinson Agents; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyp	1974
Levodopa therapy effects on natural history of Parkinsonism. Archives of neurology, 1972, Volume: 27, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Humans; Long-Term Care; Middle Age	1972
[Principles for amantadine therapy in parkinsonism]. Lakartidningen, 1972, Nov-08, Volume: 69, Issue:46 Topics: Amantadine; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Parkinson Disease; Pla	1972
Release of human growth hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone in response to L-dihydroxy-phenylalanine (L-dopa) in normal man. Diseases of the nervous system, 1972, Volume: 33, Issue:12 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Growth Hormone; Humans; Lut	1972
[Comparative value of L-dopa, amantadine, anticholinergics, and their combinations in parkinsonian syndromes]. Revue neurologique, 1972, Volume: 127, Issue:2 Topics: Amantadine; Antiparkinson Agents; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Drug Combinations; Drug Synergism; Humans;	1972
[Effect of L-dopa on pituitary hormones and on carbohydrate and fat metabolism in normal persons and in patients with Parkinsonism]. Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift, 1973, May-12, Volume: 103, Issue:19 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Antigens; Blood Glucose; Carboxy-Lyases; Dihydroxyphenylalanine;	1973
Intellectual and memory function in parkinsonian and non-parkinsonian patients treated with L-dopa. Diseases of the nervous system, 1973, Volume: 34, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Carbidopa; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Educational Status; Female; Humans; Intelligence; In	1973
Speech defects of parkinsonian patients. Effects of levodopa therapy on speech intelligibility. Neurology, 1973, Volume: 23, Issue:8 Topics: 1-Propanol; Adult; Aged; Antiparkinson Agents; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Evaluation Studies as Topic;	1973
Anticholinergic withdrawal and benzhexol treatment in Parkinson's disease. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 1973, Volume: 36, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Disability Evaluation; Drug Synergism; Evaluation Studies as To	1973
Parkinson disease treated with a suspected dopamine receptor agonist. Archives of neurology, 1974, Volume: 30, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Aged; Amantadine; Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylase Inhibitors; Benztropine; Dihydroxyphenyla	1974
Comparison of amantadine, placebo, and levodopa in Parkinson's disease. Neurology, 1974, Volume: 24, Issue:8 Topics: Aged; Amantadine; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Humans; Male; Middle	1974
Experimental treatment of parkinsonism with L-Dopa. Neurology, 1968, Volume: 18, Issue:3 Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Humans; Parkinson Disease; Placebos; Tremor	1968
A double blind study of 1-dopa treatment in Parkinson's disease. European neurology, 1968, Volume: 1, Issue:3 Topics: Blood Pressure; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Extrapyramidal Tracts; Female; Hum	1968
L-Dopa (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylanine)--its clinical effects in parkinsonism. Transactions of the American Neurological Association, 1968, Volume: 93 Topics: Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Parkinson	1968
Parkinsonism and DOPA. Transactions of the Association of American Physicians, 1968, Volume: 81 Topics: 5-Hydroxytryptophan; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Humans; Male; Manga	1968
Artifactual elevation of PBI from an iodinated dye used to stain medicinal capsules pink. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 1969, Volume: 29, Issue:9 Topics: Bipolar Disorder; Blood Proteins; Capsules; Carbonates; Chromatography, Paper; Clinical Trials as To	1969
L-dopa and amantadine in the therapy of parkinsonism. Wisconsin medical journal, 1969, Volume: 68, Issue:11 Topics: Aged; Amantadine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Drug Synergism; Drug Tolerance;	1969
Similarities between neurologic effects of L-dopa and of apomorphine. The New England journal of medicine, 1970, 01-01, Volume: 282, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Apomorphine; Brain; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyanides; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Female	1970
[Treatment of Parkinson's disease with L-dopa combined with a decarboxylase inhibitor]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1969, Dec-26, Volume: 94, Issue:52 Topics: Animals; Carboxy-Lyases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Drug Synergism; Enzyme Re	1969
Speech changes in parkinsonism during L-dopa therapy: preliminary findings. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 1970, Volume: 18, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Parkinson	1970
Treatment of Parkinsonism with Laevo-dopa. British medical journal, 1970, Feb-07, Volume: 1, Issue:5692 Topics: Adult; Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Female;	1970
Amantadine HCL (Symmetrel) and its relation to Levo-Dopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Transactions of the American Neurological Association, 1969, Volume: 94 Topics: Aged; Amantadine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Age	1969
L-Dopa and Parkinsonism. Nature, 1970, Apr-04, Volume: 226, Issue:5240 Topics: Basal Ganglia; Blood-Brain Barrier; Clinical Trials as Topic; Delusions; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dop	1970
Hypotension caused by L-dopa. British medical journal, 1970, Feb-21, Volume: 1, Issue:5694 Topics: Central Nervous System; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Humans; Hypotens	1970
Oral L-dopa treatment of parkinsonism. Acta medica Scandinavica, 1970, Volume: 187, Issue:4 Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Humans; Parkinson Disease; Phenylacetate	1970
Chloramphenicol misuse. Nature, 1970, Aug-01, Volume: 227, Issue:5257 Topics: Chloramphenicol; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Drug Hypersensitivity; Human Expe	1970
Treatment of Parkinsonism with L-dopa. Acta neurologica Scandinavica, 1970, Volume: 46, Issue:S43 Topics: Administration, Oral; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Humans; Parkinson Disease; P	1970
L-dopa treatment in Parkinson's disease. Acta neurologica Scandinavica, 1970, Volume: 46, Issue:S43 Topics: Administration, Oral; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Humans; Parkinson Disease; P	1970
[Indications for the conservative and surgical management of Parkinsonism]. Neurochirurgia, 1970, Volume: 13, Issue:5 Topics: Acetylcholine; Administration, Oral; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Drug Synergis	1970
[Effects of L-dopa and stereotaxic surgery in Parkinsonism]. No to shinkei = Brain and nerve, 1970, Volume: 22, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mo	1970
A controlled study of L-DOPA in Parkinson's disease. California medicine, 1970, Volume: 112, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Humans; Middle Aged; Parkinson Disease; Plac	1970
L-DOPA, catecholamines, and behavior: a clinical and biochemical study in depressed patients. Biological psychiatry, 1970, Volume: 2, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Aggression; Anger; Behavior; Bipolar Disorder; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Carboxy-Lyases; Catecho	1970
Double-blind comparison of levodopa and procyclidine in parkinsonism, with illustrations of levodopa-induced movement disorders. Neurology, 1970, Volume: 20, Issue:12 Topics: 1-Propanol; Adult; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Ag	1970
Psychiatric changes in patients treated with levodopa. I. The clinical experiment. Neurology, 1970, Volume: 20, Issue:12 Topics: Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Humans; Male; Mental Processes; Middle Aged;	1970
Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease. Neurology, 1970, Volume: 20, Issue:12 Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Disability Evaluation; Humans; Male; Mental Proces	1970
The conduct of initial drug studies in man. British medical bulletin, 1970, Volume: 26, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Therapy; Dru	1970
L-dopa in Parkinsonism and the influence of previous thalamotomy. British medical journal, 1971, Jan-02, Volume: 1, Issue:5739 Topics: Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Hypotension; M	1971
Psychiatric changes in patients treated with levodopa. I. The clinical experiment. Neurology, 1970, Volume: 20, Issue:12 Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Adjustment Disorders; Aged; Amitriptyline; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dia	1970
Double-blind comparison of levodopa and procyclidine in parkinsonism, with illustrations of levodopa-induced movement disorders. Neurology, 1970, Volume: 20, Issue:12 Topics: 1-Propanol; Adult; Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Female; Humans; Male; Mid	1970
Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease. Neurology, 1970, Volume: 20, Issue:12 Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Adult; Aged; Capsules; Clinical Trials as Topic; Coma; Dihydroxyphenylal	1970
Augmentation of sodium and potassium excretion, glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow by levodopa. The New England journal of medicine, 1971, 04-22, Volume: 284, Issue:15 Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Aminohippuric Acids; Blood Pressure; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxy	1971
[Use of L-DOPA in the therapy of parkinsonism]. Rassegna internazionale di clinica e terapia, 1971, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pa	1971
L-dopa and amantadine hydrochloride in Parkinson's disease. Internationale Zeitschrift fur klinische Pharmakologie, Therapie, und Toxikologie. International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology, 1971, Volume: 4, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Amantadine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Disability Evaluation; Fe	1971
[Results of two new drugs in Parkinson's disease: L-dopa and amantadine]. Revue neurologique, 1970, Volume: 122, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Amantadine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Humans; Middle Aged; Park	1970
[Treatment of Parkinson's disease with L-dopa. 77 cases]. Revue neurologique, 1970, Volume: 122, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine;	1970
Amantadine-HCl (Symmetrel) in the management of Parkinson's disease: a double-blind cross-over study. Canadian Medical Association journal, 1971, Jul-10, Volume: 105, Issue:1 Topics: Age Factors; Alkaline Phosphatase; Amantadine; Blood Glucose; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Clinical Trials a	1971
L-Dopa treatment in Parkinson's Disease. European neurology, 1970, Volume: 4, Issue:6 Topics: Age Factors; Anorexia Nervosa; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylala	1970
Quantitative measurements of L-dopa therapy in Parkinson's disease. Neurology, 1970, Volume: 20, Issue:4 Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Disability Evaluation; Follow-Up Studies; Humans;	1970
Metabolism and clinical assessment of L-dopa in parkinsonism. Neurology, 1970, Volume: 20, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pa	1970
Effects of L-dopa on the H-reflex in parkinsonism. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 1971, Volume: 19, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Chronaxy; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Electric Stimulation; Femal	1971
A controlled study of the effect of L-dopa upon selected cognitive and behavioral functions. Transactions of the American Neurological Association, 1970, Volume: 95 Topics: Behavior; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cognition; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Humans; Intelligence Tests; P	1970
Amantadine for Parkinson's disease. Neurology, 1971, Volume: 21, Issue:9 Topics: Aged; Amantadine; Amines; Brain; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Disability Evalua	1971
[Therapeutic effects of L-dopa and trihexyphenidyl in Parkinson's disease--an examination by a double blind method]. Shinkei kenkyu no shimpo. Advances in neurological sciences, 1971, Volume: 15, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihyd	1971
Idiopathic Parkinsonism treated with an extracerebral decarboxylase inhibitor in combination with levodopa. British medical journal, 1971, Sep-25, Volume: 3, Issue:5777 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylase Inhibitors; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenyl	1971
A double-blind study of the effects of levodopa in Parkinson's disease. Neurology, 1971, Volume: 21, Issue:10 Topics: Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Motor Ski	1971
Treatment of severe parkinsonism with L-dopa. South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde, 1971, May-08, Volume: 45, Issue:18 Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Female; Humans; Hypotension; Male; Middle Aged; Pa	1971
Serial determinations of homovanillinic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid of Parkinson patients treated with L-dopa. Acta neurologica Scandinavica, 1971, Volume: 47, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Disability Evaluation; Female; Humans	1971
Effect of age and arteriosclerosis on the response of Parkinsonian patients to levodopa. British medical journal, 1971, Nov-27, Volume: 4, Issue:5786 Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Antiemetics; Arteriosclerosis; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine;	1971
[Levodopa and Parkinsonism. A double-blind study]. Ugeskrift for laeger, 1971, Nov-19, Volume: 133, Issue:46 Topics: Adult; Aged; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Blood Pressure; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine;	1971
[L-Dopa therapy in Parkinson's disease. A double-blind study]. Ugeskrift for laeger, 1971, Nov-26, Volume: 133, Issue:47 Topics: Adult; Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Na	1971
[Parkinson's syndrome and L-dopa]. Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria, 1971, Volume: 29, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female;	1971
Levodopa and orphenadrine hydrochloride in Parkinsonism. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 1971, Volume: 4, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Evaluation Studies as	1971
A preliminary report of Australian trials with L-dopa. Australian and New Zealand journal of medicine, 1971, Volume: 1 Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Adult; Aged; Australia; Brain; Clinical Trials as Topic; Depression; Dih	1971
The clinical use of levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Contemporary neurology series, 1971, Volume: 8 Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Antiparkinson Agents; California; Clinical Trials as Topic;	1971
Parkinson's disease: L-dopa treatment and handwriting area. Current therapeutic research, clinical and experimental, 1970, Volume: 12, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Handwriting; Humans; Middle Aged; Mot	1970
Serologic abnormalities associated with L-dopa therapy. Vox sanguinis, 1971, Volume: 20, Issue:4 Topics: ABO Blood-Group System; Aged; Animals; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; Antibodies, Antinuclear; Antibodi	1971
Action of L- -methyldopa-hydrazine on the blood pressure of patients receiving levodopa. British journal of pharmacology, 1972, Volume: 44, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Pressure; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Female; Humans; Hydrazines; Hypotensi	1972
[L-dopa therapy of Parkinson's syndrome. Comparison of pure L-dopa and the combination preparation L-dopa and decarboxylase inhibitor]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1972, Aug-25, Volume: 97, Issue:34 Topics: Carboxy-Lyases; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Hyperkinesis; Male; Middl	1972
Methyldopahydrazine as an adjunct to L-dopa therapy in parkinsonism. Neurology, 1972, Volume: 22, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Pressure; Brain; Child; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Evaluation	1972
[Levodopa treatment in parkinsonism]. Duodecim; laaketieteellinen aikakauskirja, 1971, Volume: 87, Issue:12 Topics: Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Female; Humans; Male; Parkinson Disease; Placebos	1971
Psychomotor performances of patients undergoing L-dopa therapy. Perceptual and motor skills, 1971, Volume: 33, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Arm; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Fingers; Humans; Middle Aged; Motor Activity; Motor Skills	1971
Treatment of Parkinson's syndrome with L-dopa. A double blind study. Acta neurologica Scandinavica, 1966, Volume: 42, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pa	1966
Aromatic amino acids and modification of parkinsonism. The New England journal of medicine, 1967, Feb-16, Volume: 276, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Aged; Agranulocytosis; Bone Marrow Examination; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalan	1967
Effects of L-DOPA on pharmacological parkinsonism. Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 1966, Volume: 42, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Chlorpromazine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Female; Haloper	1966
The metabolism of orally administered L-Dopa in Parkinsonism. British journal of pharmacology, 1969, Volume: 37, Issue:1 Topics: Chromatography, Gas; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Female; Humans; Male; Norepinephrine; Parkinson Disease	1969
Action of dopamine on the human iris. British medical journal, 1969, Nov-08, Volume: 4, Issue:5679 Topics: Adult; Aged; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dilatation; Dopamine; Dopamine Antagonists; Female; Guanethidin	1969
Levodopa in Parkinsonism: the effects of withdrawal of anticholinergic drugs. British medical journal, 1971, May-29, Volume: 2, Issue:5760 Topics: Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Drug Synergism; Drug Tolerance; Female; Humans; Male; Methods; Neurologic Ma	1971

dihydroxyphenylalanine and Parkinson Disease