dihydrotachysterol and Vitamin-D-Deficiency

Topics: Dihydrotachysterol; Dihydroxycholecalciferols; Drug Resistance; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency

Since the introduction of irradiated ergosterol into our food supply, nutritional vitamin D-deficiency rickets has become an uncommon disease. However, skeletal disorders due to abnormalities of vitamin D function still occur. These disorders can now be classified more exactly into two groups: those in which there is a deficiency of the active metabolite of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and those in which there is an abnormality of renal tubular function resulting in renal hypophosphatemia despite normal vitamin D metabolism. The various entities of these two groups are described and the theoretical basis of their treatment given.

Topics: Dihydrotachysterol; Fanconi Syndrome; Glycosuria; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary; Hypophosphatemia, Familial; Infant; Osteomalacia; Phosphates; Renal Aminoacidurias; Rickets; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency

Topics: Animals; Cholecalciferol; Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder; Dihydrotachysterol; Dihydroxycholecalciferols; Humans; Hydroxycholecalciferols; Hypophosphatemia, Familial; Rats; Rickets; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency

Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Bone and Bones; Calcium; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Dihydrotachysterol; Dihydroxycholecalciferols; Ergocalciferols; Hydroxycholecalciferols; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; Kidney; Nephrectomy; Stereoisomerism; Structure-Activity Relationship; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency

We aimed to explore the association between vitamin D levels and the severity, mortality and microbiological etiology of community-acquired pneumonia.. Vitamin D levels (both, the reservoir form 25-OH and the activated form 1,25-OH2) of 300 randomly selected patients with community-acquired pneumonia due to pre-specified pathogens included in the German competence network (CAPNETZ) study were measured. Prior to statistical analysis, values of 25-OH and 1,25-OH2 were power-transformed to achieve parametric distribution. All further analyses were performed with seasonally and age adjusted values.. There was only a modest (Spearman Coefficient 0.38) positive correlation between 25-OH and 1,25-OH2. For 1,25-OH2 but not 25-OH, the general linear model revealed a significant inverse correlation between serum concentration and CURB score (p = 0.011). Liver and respiratory co-morbidity were associated with significantly lower 25-OH values and renal co-morbidity with significantly lower 1,25-OH2 values. No significant differences of 1,25-OH2 or 25-OH between different pathogens (influenza virus, Legionella spp., Streptococcus pneumoniae) were detected.. For 1,25-OH2, we found a significant and independent (controlled for age, season and pathogen) negative correlation to pneumonia severity. Therefore, supplementation of non-activated vitamin D to protect from pneumonia may be non-sufficient in patients that have a decreased capacity to hydroxylate 25-OH to 1,25-OH2.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Cohort Studies; Community-Acquired Infections; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dihydrotachysterol; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pneumonia; Prospective Studies; Seasons; Severity of Illness Index; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency

Topics: Animals; Biological Assay; Chickens; Dihydrotachysterol; Receptors, Calcitriol; Receptors, Steroid; Vitamin D Deficiency

Topics: Aminopyrine N-Demethylase; Animals; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Dihydrotachysterol; Enzyme Activation; Ergocalciferols; Hydroxycholecalciferols; Kinetics; Male; Microsomes, Liver; NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase; Phenobarbital; Protein Binding; Rats; Vitamin D Deficiency

Topics: Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder; Dihydrotachysterol; Epilepsy; Humans; Hydroxycholecalciferols; Hypophosphatemia, Familial; Osteomalacia; Rickets; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency

The therapeutic response to chemically synthesized 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol (1alpha-OH-D3) was studied in three patients with autosomal recessive vitamin D dependency (ARVDD). The daily maintenance dose for vitamin D2, to prevent signs of vitamin D deficiency in these patients, was 40-54.4 mug/kg, or about 100 times normal (Table 1). Withdrawal of maintenance therapy with vitamin D2 resulted in the ultimate reappearance of the vitamin D depletion syndrome in patients 1 and 2 (Figs. 1 and 2). The third patient presented with the deficiency syndrome despite adequate vitamin D nutrition and was recognized to have ARVDD. Treatment with 1alpha-OH-D3 by mouth in all three patients at dose levels of 1-3 mug/24 hr (80-100 ng/kg) corrected hypocalcemia and suppressed parathyroid hormone-dependent renal loss of amino acids (Figs. 1, 2, and 4). Rickets healed in 7-9 weeks on 1alpha-OH-D3 alone (Fig. 3). The therapeutic response was rapid. It was usually seen first in the rise of serum calcium (Figs. 5 and 6). Withdrawal of 1alpha-OH-D3 was followed first by a fall of serum phosphorus, then by a fall in serum calcium; the latter occurred within about 2 weeks of withdrawal. Because the synthesis of 1alpha-OH-D3 is simpler than for 1alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and because the former is an effective therapeutic analog of vitamin D hormone, we believe these studies in ARVDD reveal 1alpha-OH-D3 to be the agent of choice for treatment of this and analogous diseases.

Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Calcium; Child; Child, Preschool; Crystallization; Dihydrotachysterol; Female; Growth; Humans; Hydroxycholecalciferols; Hyperparathyroidism; Infant; Phosphorus; Radiography; Renal Aminoacidurias; Vitamin D Deficiency

Rats raised from weaning on regiments adequate in calcium and phosphorus but deficient in vitamin D will have no detectable intestinal calcium-binding proteins (CaBP), whether or not they show other signs of vitamin D deficiency, such as hypocalcemia. When hypocalcemic, vitamin D-deficient animals were treated with 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, a vitamin D metabolite, they showed a dose-dependent increase in plasma calcium and CaBP; both responses can be described by a single linear relationship, which appears to apply whether the metabolite is 25-hydroxycholecalciferol or dihydrotachysterol. Since vitamin D status is only one determinant of plasma calcium, whereas CaBP (or its expression) appears to depend on vitamin D quantitatively, CaBP may be used as an index of vitamin D status, provided calcium intake is controlled.

Topics: Animals; Calcium; Calcium, Dietary; Carrier Proteins; Dihydrotachysterol; Hydroxycholecalciferols; Hypocalcemia; Intestinal Mucosa; Male; Rats; Time Factors; Vitamin D Deficiency

Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Binding, Competitive; Chickens; Chromatin; Cytosol; Dihydrotachysterol; Hydroxylation; In Vitro Techniques; Intestinal Mucosa; Male; Receptors, Drug; Sterols; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tritium; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency

The activity of dihydrotachysterol and cholecalciferol was determined in nephrectomized or sham-operated vitamin D-depleted rats using in vitro transport of calcium and phosphate by everted intestinal preparations as the index of physiologic response. The activity of dihydrotachysterol was not reduced by absence of the kidneys whereas that of cholecalciferol was markedly inhibited so that at least a 10-fold greater dose of the latter was necessary to produce an equivalent effect in the nephrectomized rat as in the control. Dihydrotachysterol is therefore equipotent with cholecalciferol in the anephric rat although much less active in the intact animal.

Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Calcium; Cholecalciferol; Citrates; Dihydrotachysterol; Duodenum; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Intestine, Small; Kidney; Nephrectomy; Phosphates; Rats; Vitamin D Deficiency

Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Bone and Bones; Calcium; Calcium Isotopes; Dihydrotachysterol; Hydroxycholecalciferols; Hydroxylation; Intestinal Mucosa; Kidney; Male; Nephrectomy; Rats; Secosteroids; Sterols; Stimulation, Chemical; Structure-Activity Relationship; Time Factors; Tritium; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency

Topics: Animals; Benzoates; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Cholecalciferol; Cholestanes; Chromatography; Chromatography, Gel; Dihydrotachysterol; Hydroxylation; Liver; Male; Radiation Effects; Rats; Spectrophotometry; Sterols; Tritium; Ultraviolet Rays; Vitamin D Deficiency

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Bone and Bones; Bone Resorption; Calcium; Calcium, Dietary; Chickens; Cholecalciferol; Diet; Dihydrotachysterol; Ergocalciferols; Intestinal Absorption; Male; Rickets; Time Factors; Vitamin D Deficiency

Topics: Adult; Calcium; Diet Fads; Diet Therapy; Diet, Vegetarian; Dihydrotachysterol; Ergocalciferols; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Osteomalacia; Phosphates; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency

Topics: Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Cell Nucleus; Chickens; Chromatography; Dihydrotachysterol; Intestinal Mucosa; Liver; Rickets; Time Factors; Tritium; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency

Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Cell Nucleus; Chickens; Chromatography; Dactinomycin; Diet; Dihydrotachysterol; Intestinal Mucosa; Male; Membranes; Microscopy, Electron; Microsomes; Mitochondria; Nucleoproteins; Rats; Ribosomes; Sterols; Tritium; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency

Topics: Dihydrotachysterol; Humans; Rickets; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins