dihydrotachysterol and Hyperparathyroidism--Secondary

Since the introduction of irradiated ergosterol into our food supply, nutritional vitamin D-deficiency rickets has become an uncommon disease. However, skeletal disorders due to abnormalities of vitamin D function still occur. These disorders can now be classified more exactly into two groups: those in which there is a deficiency of the active metabolite of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and those in which there is an abnormality of renal tubular function resulting in renal hypophosphatemia despite normal vitamin D metabolism. The various entities of these two groups are described and the theoretical basis of their treatment given.

Topics: Dihydrotachysterol; Fanconi Syndrome; Glycosuria; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary; Hypophosphatemia, Familial; Infant; Osteomalacia; Phosphates; Renal Aminoacidurias; Rickets; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Calcinosis; Child, Preschool; Dihydrotachysterol; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary; Hyperplasia; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Kidney Transplantation; Parathyroid Glands; Parathyroid Hormone; Postoperative Complications; Preoperative Care; Pruritus; Transplantation, Homologous; Vitamin D

Renal osteodystrophy in part due to secondary hyperparathyroidism, is one of the major unresolved problems affecting patients on chronic hemodialysis. In addition, evidence has shown that parathyroid hormone (PTH) is toxic to other organ systems besides bone. The results of a prospective study on the effect of propranolol in reducing PTH levels in chronic renal failure patients on hemodialysis are reported. Propranolol administration reduced PTH levels by over 50-75%. The levels of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase and hematocrit were variable, but patients with severe derangements in these measurements also seemed to benefit from propranolol. It should now be determined by larger and longer studies whether these biochemical improvements can be translated into clinical benefits.

Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Calcium; Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder; Dihydrotachysterol; Female; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Parathyroid Hormone; Propranolol; Renal Dialysis

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adenoma; Adult; Aged; Calcitonin; Calcium; Carcinoma, Papillary; Dihydrotachysterol; Female; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary; Male; Middle Aged; Parathyroid Glands; Phosphates; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroidectomy; Transplantation, Autologous

Topics: Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Calcium; Calcium Isotopes; Dihydrotachysterol; Gastrectomy; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary; Intestinal Absorption; Magnesium; Male; Osteomalacia; Parathyroid Hormone; Phosphates; Phosphorus; Time Factors

Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Biopsy; Bone Resorption; Calcium; Calcium Isotopes; Chronic Disease; Dihydrotachysterol; Ergocalciferols; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary; Intestinal Absorption; Nephritis; Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica; Renal Dialysis