dihydroergotoxine and Hypertension

Multi-infarct dementia (MID) characteristically presents with an acute event followed by a stepwise and fluctuating downhill course. Progression is generally considered the consequence of recurrent stroke (Hachinski, 1983): the mainstay of treatment, therefore, is the prevention of further ischemic events.

Topics: Cerebrovascular Disorders; Dementia, Multi-Infarct; Dihydroergotoxine; Humans; Hypertension; Naloxone; Piracetam; Pyrrolidines

Aldosterone secretion is subject to both stimulatory and inhibitory controls. Angiotensin II (AII) is the primary regulator of aldosterone production and an inhibitory role of dopamine (DA) has been suggested recently. We have reported that two different DA receptors are present in rat adrenal glomerulosa: D-1, associated with stimulation of adenylate cyclase, and D-2, coupled in an inhibitory way with the cyclic AMP (cAMP) generating system. By measuring aldosterone secretion and cAMP formation in intact adrenal glomerulosa cells, we also found a specific functional interaction between D-2 receptors apparently associated with inhibition of cAMP formation and AII in the regulation of aldosterone production.

Topics: Adrenal Glands; Aldosterone; Angiotensin II; Animals; Biomechanical Phenomena; Cyclic AMP; Dihydroergotoxine; Dopamine; Humans; Hypertension; Receptors, Dopamine; Receptors, Dopamine D2

Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Dihydroergotoxine; Emergencies; Hypertension; Nitroglycerin; Trimethaphan

Topics: Animals; Binding, Competitive; Clonidine; Dihydroergotoxine; Epinephrine; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypertension; In Vitro Techniques; Models, Biological; Norepinephrine; Phentolamine; Prazosin; Radioligand Assay; Receptors, Adrenergic; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Yohimbine

In a placebo controlled trial in 20 patients (mean age 38 years) with mild/moderate essential hypertension 4.5 mg slow-release co-dergocrine mesylate was administered once daily for 6 weeks and antihypertensive effects and plasma co-dergocrine concentrations determined 9 hours post-dose. Mean plasma co-dergocrine concentrations were 299 pg/ml, 357 pg/ml and 331 pg/ml measured after 2-, 4-, and 6-weeks administration respectively. Despite these relatively low concentrations there were statistically significant reductions in supine (-6/-6 mmHg), standing (-9/-8 mmHg) and exercise (-8/-5 mmHg) systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Blood glucose fell progressively and was 10% lower (p less than 0.02) after 6 weeks medication. Clinical and laboratory parameters showed that slow-release co-dergocrine mesylate was well tolerated with negligible adverse reactions.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Pressure; Delayed-Action Preparations; Dihydroergotoxine; Ergoloid Mesylates; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Radioimmunoassay

The present study was designed to investigate the role of plasma catecholamines in the regulation of adrenoceptors in human hypertension. Thirty-three patients with newly detected essential hypertension were treated for 4 weeks with either nifedipine (2 x 20 mg/day), hydergine (2 x 2 mg/day), or both (20 and 2 mg/day, respectively, twice daily each), which lowered blood pressure equally well. Plasma noradrenaline increased during nifedipine, decreased during hydergine and was unaltered during the combination therapy. Lymphocyte beta 2-adrenoceptor density decreased by similar amounts, independent of whether blood pressure was normalized by treatment with nifedipine or hydergine. Platelet alpha 2-adrenoceptor density, however, decreased during nifedipine, slightly increased during hydergine and was unchanged during the combination treatment. We conclude that lymphocyte beta 2-adrenoceptors of hypertensive patients are not regulated primarily by plasma catecholamines but rather by a distinct factor associated with the extent of blood pressure elevation. The density of platelet alpha 2-adrenoceptors, however, appears to be dynamically regulated by catecholamines.

Topics: Dihydroergotoxine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Nifedipine; Norepinephrine; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta

In a double-blind study to investigate the antihypertensive effect of a fixed triple combination with 0.05 mg reserpine, 2.5 mg clopamide and 0.4 mg dihydroergocristine in comparison to a fixed double combination with 0.05 mg reserpine and 2.5 mg clopamide, a patient subgroup of 34 patients followed a unicenter (central unit, 'institute') as well as a multicenter (established physicians) study design. The patients visited both investigation units on the day of admission to the study (week 0), after four weeks and after eight weeks of therapy (after the morning intake of the drugs). The paper in hand looks at the results of this subgroup with respect to the conformity of blood pressure values in the two investigative units. The analyses confirm the already published results of the entire study: Both combinations proved to be highly effective antihypertensive drugs. The triple combination showed therapeutical advantages for systolic blood pressure after four weeks, for diastolic pressure after eight weeks of therapy at the 'institute' as well as, although less distinct, in the medical offices. A comparison of the individual values did not show a convincing coherence of the measurements between institute and offices. All investigated possible systematic sources of error (different methods of measurement, days or times of measurement) could be excluded by correlation statistics as a reason for the divergences. The results show the necessity--particularly in multicenter studies--of a careful documentation of all accompanying data (e.g. method or time of measurement) as well as a greatest possible standardization of investigation (e.g. identical measuring apparatus and investigator.)

Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure Determination; Clopamide; Dihydroergotoxine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Reserpine

The effect of Hydergine/Nifedipine (Pontuc) on blood pressure in supine or exercise blood pressure as well as subjective well-being was evaluated in a randomized, double-blind interindividual comparison with Nifedipine in 50 elderly out-patients (34 females, 16 males) with mostly pretreated isolated systolic hypertension. In addition to a nearly unchanged diastolic blood pressure during treatment the results prove that the drop in systolic blood pressure was statistically significant greater after treatment with Hydergine/Nifedipine and the normalization rate of the blood pressure was 81% in comparison to 69% after Nifedipine. Both drugs comparatively improved the subjective well-being of these geriatric patients. As drug specific adverse events flush symptoms were more frequent in the Nifedipine group, whereas in the Hydergine/Nifedipine group gastrointestinal symptoms occurred more often.

Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Dihydroergotoxine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Nifedipine

Co-dergocrine mesylate (Cod), which inhibits norepinephrine secretion by stimulating presynaptic dopamine receptors, and has no known metabolic side effect, has an additive antihypertensive effect to that of Nifedipine (Nif). Plasma norepinephrine, epinephrine, renin activity and aldosterone have been measured after acute administration of Nif and Cod alone and in combination to 18 patients with a diastolic blood pressure greater than 105 mmHg in a cross-over, randomized, double-blind study. Every patient received 4 mg Cod then 20 mg Nif, placebo then 20 mg Nif and 4 mg Cod then placebo. The second treatment was always given 1 h after the first medication. Blood pressure was measured before and every 15 min during the study period. Blood for measurement of catecholamines, aldosterone and renin activity was collected before medication, 1 h after the first dose and 90 min after the second treatment. Blood pressure was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) where Cod preceded Nif. Cod caused a significant decrease in plasma norepinephrine from 293 to 202 pg.ml-1 and in epinephrine from 67 to 55 pg.ml-1. The Nif-induced increase in norepinephrine from a pre-treatment value of 293 pg.ml-1 with preceding Cod to 331 pg.ml-1 was much less than the increase with placebo as premedication, from 284 to 440 pg.ml-1. Nif caused an increase in renin activity but no increase in aldosterone. Nif-related side effects, such as flushing and headache, occurred in 6 patients of whom 5 had no received Cod as premedication.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Aldosterone; Catecholamines; Dihydroergotoxine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Nifedipine; Renin

In a randomized cross-over study the antihypertensive effects of nifedipine and the combination of co-dergocrine and nifedipine (Pontuc) respectively as well as the influence of both preparations on the glucose metabolism was tested in 22 hypertensive patients with diabetes type II over a period of 4 weeks. During treatment with the combination a significantly more pronounced blood pressure reduction was achieved compared to monotherapy with nifedipine, whereas the heart rate was significantly increased only by nifedipine. Both drugs--nifedipine and co-dergocrine/nifedipine--did not change the concentrations of glucose in the blood or urine or of HbA1.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dihydroergotoxine; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Glycosuria; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Nifedipine

Brinerdin (Sandoz), a combination of a diuretic (clopamide 5 mg), a vasodilator (dihydro-ergocristine 0.5 mg) and reserpine (0.1 mg) (CDR) was compared with methyldopa (MD) plus hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) for antihypertensive effect, adverse reactions, compliance and patient preference in an open cross-over trial. Eighteen patients completed both arms of the trial and 5 patients who completed the CDR arm were withdrawn while on the MD arm because of adverse effects in 4 and poor control in 1. On HCT 50 mg daily the mean baseline systolic blood pressure was 163.9 +/- 16.3 mmHg and the diastolic blood pressure was 105.9 +/- 6.7 mmHg. On CDR these were reduced to systolic blood pressure 140.3 +/- 15.1 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure 87.8 +/- 9.3 mmHg. On MD + HCT the systolic blood pressure was reduced to 138.5 +/- 16.9 mmHg and the diastolic blood pressure to 88.9 +/- 10.3 mmHg. The differences between the two treatment periods in systolic blood pressure (1.8 mmHg; 95% confidence interval (CI) - 4.1 + 7.7 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (1.1 mmHg; 95% CI - 4.6 + 2.4 mmHg) were not significant with P values of 0.6 and 0.7 respectively. Compliance was 98.2% for CDR and 94.7% for MD + HCT (P = 0.02). Unusual sleepiness occurred more frequently in the MD arm (P less than 0.01). Thirteen patients chose to continue on CDR, 2 on MD + HCT and 3 had no preference (P = 0.005). CDR is similar in antihypertensive effect to MD + HCT but is better tolerated with fewer withdrawals, fewer adverse effects, better compliance and has more patients electing to continue taking it.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clopamide; Dihydroergotoxine; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hydrochlorothiazide; Hypertension; Male; Methyldopa; Middle Aged; Random Allocation; Reserpine

This randomised, parallel group study was designed to compare the efficacy of nifedipine (40 mg once daily) combined with either the dopamine agonist, co-dergocrine mesilate (4 mg once daily) or the diuretic mefruside (25 mg once daily) in 40 patients with essential arterial hypertension and a diastolic blood pressure greater than 105 mmHg. Circadian blood pressure and heart rate were measured over 24 h every 15 min from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. and every 30 min from 6 p.m. to 6 a.m. with an automatic, portable instrument (ICR 5300, Squibb) before and after a three-week treatment period. At the end of the three-week treatment period the mean value of all 24 h blood pressure measurements reflected highly significant decreases (2P less than 0.001), from 148/92 +/- 16/12 before treatment to 131/83 +/- 12/12 mmHg after treatment in the co-dergocrine mesilate/nifedipine group and from 145/92 +/- 16/10 before treatment to 129/84 +/- 10/6 mmHg after treatment in the mefruside/nifedipine group. Blood pressure reduction was still significant in both groups during the early morning hours at the end of the dosage interval. The efficacies of nifedipine combined with co-dergocrine mesilate or mefruside were comparable but side-effects were rated as more severe in the mefruside group. Therefore, the combination co-dergocrine mesilate/nifedipine may be preferable to the combination mefruside/nifedipine.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Circadian Rhythm; Dihydroergotoxine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Mefruside; Middle Aged; Monitoring, Physiologic; Nifedipine

Co-dergocrine has recently been demonstrated acutely to lower plasma norepinephrine (NE) and blood pressure (BP) in patients with essential hypertension, and similar results have been obtained during chronic administration of co-dergocrine to healthy men. The present study investigated the effect of 3 weeks of treatment with co-dergocrine 4 mg/day on BP, plasma catecholamines, certain other BP-regulating factors and serum lipoproteins in patients with essential hypertension. Compared to placebo conditions, co-dergocrine decreased supine BP and heart rate by -7% and the upright plasma NE level by -24%. Supine plasma NE also fell (-24%). Total cholesterol and the LDL + VLDL-cholesterol lipoprotein fraction were lowered by -6%. No significant change was observed in plasma renin activity, angiotensin II, aldosterone and epinephrine levels, whole blood and plasma volume, exchangeable sodium, and the cardiovascular responsiveness to NE, angiotensin II and isoproterenol. The findings suggest that in patients with essential hypertension, chronic treatment with co-dergocrine may slightly decrease sympathetic outflow and, at least in the short-term, lower the potentially atherogenic serum LDL + VLDL - cholesterol fraction.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Angiotensin II; Antihypertensive Agents; Dihydroergotoxine; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypertension; Infusions, Intravenous; Isoproterenol; Lipoproteins; Male; Middle Aged; Norepinephrine; Renal Circulation

In this study we have investigated the effect of co-dergocrine, a selective DA2-agonist, on plasma aldosterone concentrations (PAC) in twelve patients with essential hypertension both in basal conditions and during sodium depletion. Sodium depletion resulted in an increase of PAC from 38 (13) pg/ml to 297 (21) pg/ml. The PAC response to sodium depletion was reduced to 155 (29) pg/ml by co-dergocrine. No significant PAC changes were found in patients maintained on a normal sodium intake. In addition the drug did not significantly modify plasma renin activity (PRA) in either experimental group. These results suggest that the dopaminergic inhibition of aldosterone secretion in man is mediated by DA2 receptors in the adrenal cortex.

Topics: Aged; Aldosterone; Dihydroergotoxine; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Receptors, Dopamine; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Renin; Sodium

Topics: Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroergotoxine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Random Allocation

The aim of the study was to define the role of peripheral dopaminergic mechanisms in the regulation of blood pressure. The data suggest that the hypotensive effect of the dopaminergic agonist co-dergocrine in elderly hypertensive patients is mediated by interaction with peripheral DA-2 receptors, since it was reversed by the selective antagonist sulpiride in a dose that does not significantly cross the blood brain barrier. The findings suggest the possible therapeutic use of dopamine DA-2 agonists in elderly hypertensive patients.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroergotoxine; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Random Allocation; Receptors, Dopamine; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Sulpiride

Topics: Adult; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroergotoxine; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Hydrochlorothiazide; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Reserpine

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroergotoxine; Humans; Hypertension; Middle Aged; Tablets

Forty adult patients, who developed postoperative hypertension (greater than 160/90 mm Hg) following major abdominal surgery were given double-blind, randomized either ketanserin 10 mg i.v. (n = 10), droperidol 5 mg i.v. (n = 10), hydergine 0.9 mg i.v. (n = 10) or placebo solution (n = 10). Following the injection of ketanserin or droperidol systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.01), but were no longer significantly lowered 30 minutes following the injection in 5 out of 10 ketanserin treated and in 8 out of ten droperidol treated patients. Neither hydergine nor placebo had a significant effect on blood pressure. It is concluded, that both ketanserin and droperidol have a moderate and short acting antihypertensive effect.

Topics: Abdomen; Adult; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Dihydroergotoxine; Double-Blind Method; Droperidol; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Ketanserin; Male; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Random Allocation

The effect of the intravenous administration of dihydroergotoxine (6 micrograms/kg) on arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and plasma concentrations of norepinephrine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (the deaminated dopamine metabolite) was studied in 20 subjects with essential hypertension (8 men and 12 women aged 32-68 years old, World Health Organization Class I-II). In supine resting subjects, dihydroergotoxine significantly decreased systolic blood pressure (from 175 +/- 5 to 156 +/- 4 mm Hg; p less than 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (from 109 +/- 4 to 95 +/- 3 mm Hg; p less than 0.001), and heart rate (from 71 +/- 2 to 63 +/- 2 beats/min; p less than 0.001) as compared with the results of placebo treatment. Moreover, dihydroergotoxine reduced plasma levels of norepinephrine (from 368 +/- 39 to 238 +/- 33 pg/ml; p less than 0.001) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (from 1.57 +/- 0.21 to 1.22 +/- 0.13 ng/ml; p less than 0.01). The time course of the blood pressure decrease paralleled that of plasma norepinephrine concentration. Dihydroergotoxine did not suppress the cardiovascular and plasma norepinephrine concentration. Dihydroergotoxine did not suppress the cardiovascular and plasma norepinephrine response to standing. The effect of domperidone, a peripheral presynaptic dopamine receptor antagonist, on dihydroergotoxine response was studied in six of the 20 subjects (3 men and 3 women 48-64 years old). The intravenous administration of domperidone (0.3 mg/kg) prevented the dihydroergotoxine-induced reduction in blood pressure and heart rate and the fall in plasma norepinephrine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid levels. Domperidone administered alone failed to significantly modify any measured variables.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Adult; Aged; Blood Pressure; Depression, Chemical; Dihydroergotoxine; Domperidone; Double-Blind Method; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Norepinephrine; Random Allocation; Receptors, Dopamine

The effectiveness and safety of dihydroergotoxine mesylate (DHT) and clonidine (CLO) as acute antihypertensive treatments were studied in a single-blind randomized controlled study of 28 patients hospitalized after abrupt increases in mean blood pressure (MAP) to more than 150 mmHg, with concomitant symptoms related to hypertensive status (16 patients). Intravenous infusion of 1.5 mg DHT significantly reduced both systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure from 227 +/- 2/128 +/- 2 mmHg to 160 +/- 4/94 +/- 2 mmHg by 1 hour after the onset of infusion (p less than 0.01). In patients given CLO, BP values fell from 221 +/- 3/123 +/- 3 mmHg to 166 +/- 5/95 +/- 3 mmHg after 150 minutes. After that BP values did not change significantly up to 6 hours after both treatments. One hour after the onset of infusion, mean heart-rate (HR) had decreased by 15 beats/min in the DHT group and by 10 beats/min in the CLO-group. Twenty-one per cent of the patients given DHT and 78% of the patients given CLO complained of mild or moderate side-effects. The results of this study showed that DHT is an effective and well tolerated agent for the treatment of hypertensive emergencies and can be used safely even when continuous monitoring of blood pressure cannot be carried out.

Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Dihydroergotoxine; Drug Tolerance; Emergencies; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Random Allocation; Time Factors

Topics: Adult; Aged; Chlorthalidone; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroergotoxine; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Isoindoles; Male; Metipranolol; Middle Aged; Propanolamines

Topics: Age Factors; Antihypertensive Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroergotoxine; Humans; Hypertension; Middle Aged

Topics: Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dementia; Dihydroergotoxine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Tolerance; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male

Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Blood Pressure; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroergotoxine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged

On the basis of the propositions of the theory of automatic control and regulation, the authors developed the method, algorithm, and program of automatic controlled treatment of arterial hypertension by means of computers. It was conducted in 160 patients with hypertensive disease. Treatment was accomplished with reserpine, dopegit, hemiton, combination of these agents with each other and with diuretics, and with brinerdin. The effect was good in 70.6% and satisfactory in 21.9% of cases; no effect was produced in 7.5% of cases. The studies showed that the created algorithms and program make it possible to carry out effective controlled hypotensive therapy by means of computers. With the use of the developed method it was found that the tuning coefficients, and consequently, the dosages of the drugs necessary for reducing arterial pressure and its maintenance on the desirable preset level differ with the patients and in one and the same patient on different days of the treatment. Automatic controlled hypotensive therapy employing computers may be accomplished with a single agent and, whenever necessary, with a combination of several agents.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Pressure; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Clopamide; Computers; Dihydroergotoxine; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Mathematics; Methyldopa; Middle Aged; Reserpine

Topics: Adult; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Chlorthalidone; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clopamide; Dihydroergocristine; Dihydroergotoxine; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Isoindoles; Male; Middle Aged; Reserpine

40 patients with essential hypertension were subjected to an analysis of efficacy and safety of the three-component-combination Briserin (Reserpine, Clopamide, Dihydroergocristine). After double-blind and randomized allocation, one group received the two constituents Reserpine/Clopamide, another the full combination Briserin and a third first Reserpine/Clopamide and Briserin afterwards. Both types of treatment proved equi-effective in terms of blood pressure reduction with the blood pressure values falling below 150/90 mm Hg within one week. The most important finding resided in the improved orthostatic tolerance due to Briserin. Maximal systolic pressure drop during standing and the tachycardia associated were significantly reduced by Briserin, i.e. by the influence of Dihydroergocristine. In addition, there was a corresponding difference in terms of subjective complaints due to orthostasis. The same held true for general symptoms related to hypertension such as headache, dizziness, undue tiredness and sleeplessness. Patients preferred treatment with Briserin as compared to the other regimen. The discussion deals with the clinical-pharmacological impact of the orthostatic regulation quality within the framework of antihypertensive treatment.

Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Clopamide; Dihydroergotoxine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Female; Germany, West; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Reserpine; Vascular Resistance

A sample of 20 patients suffering hypertension (with a moderate rise in blood pressure) was randomly divided into two treatment groups of equal size. The patients of one group received antihypertension treatment with the combination drug Briserin¿ (containing 0.1 mg reserpine, 5 mg clopamide, 0.5 mg dihydroergocristin/per tablet); the other patients who served as control group, received a matched placebo. After a fortnight's treatment, the responsiveness of both groups to five different psychologically stressing situations (those with cognitive and/or emotional overload) was tested. Analysis of covariance revealed clinically significant differences in the mean systolic and diastolic pressure scores of the two groups. The scores of the treatment group were lower not only under stress but also at rest. There was in interaction between rise of blood pressure under stress and kind of stress in the two groups, i.e., in situations with heavy emotional and/or cognitive load the differences in the pressure scores of the two groups were less substantial than in situations with a low or medium load. The treatment had no systematic effect on heart rate in this sample. In the treatment group reaction time, perceptual speed, and short-term memory were impaired as compared with the control group; but these differences did not reach a level of significance.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Pressure; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clopamide; Dihydroergotoxine; Drug Combinations; Ergoloid Mesylates; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Placebos; Psychological Tests; Reserpine; Stress, Psychological

24-h trends in central and peripheral circulation in response to pharmacological tests were registered in 40 patients with stage II essential hypertension (EH). Rhythmic patterns of hemodynamic parameters (heart rate, systolic pressure, stroke volume, etc.) sensitivity to adelphane-esidrex were found. Hypotensive effect of this drug was maximal in morning hours because of the fall in arterial pressure due to reduced peripheral resistance. Sinepres chronotherapy given to 18 EH patients turned out superior to conventional treatment (1 pill 3 times a day) given to 20 EH patients. When taken into consideration, chronosensitivity to the above drugs may bring about a reduction in daily and course doses and earlier occurrence of a hypotensive effect.

Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Dihydralazine; Dihydroergotoxine; Drug Combinations; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hydrochlorothiazide; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Reserpine; Time Factors

Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Dihydroergotoxine; Drug Combinations; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hydrochlorothiazide; Hypertension; Reserpine; Time Factors

When choosing antihypertensive agents for the treatment of hypertension, it is necessary to consider the predisposition of individuals to renal damage, which may be associated with the long-term effect of such agents. In this respect, this study examined the effect of two commonly used antihypertensive drugs (Brinerdin and Minizide) on renal function over 24 months in patients diagnosed as having essential hypertension. We utilized urinary enzyme studies, which are indicators of subtle renal dysfunction. Other parameters of glomerular and tubular function were also determined in the pretreatment period, as well as during and at the end of treatment of 28 patients (16 males and 12 females) with therapeutic doses of Brinerdin and 22 patients (12 males and 10 females) with conventional doses of Minizide. During the follow-up period, blood pressure (BP) fell from a mean of 160/108 +/- 9/4 (SD) mmHg to 130/90 +/- 7/4 on Brinerdin and from a mean of 160/106 +/- 5/2 (SD) mmHg to 130/90 +/- 8/5 on Minizide. There was no significant difference in the levels of BP between the patients taking Minizide and those taking Brinerdin before, during, and at the end of treatment. Significant elevation (p < 0.05) of the levels of urinary protein, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and N-acetyl-B-D-glycosaminidase (NAG) was observed in patients on Minizide during treatment, and these levels remained elevated during the latter part of the study. Normotensive, untreated, age- and sex-matched control subjects showed no such urinary parameter changes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Administration, Oral; Adult; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Cholesterol; Clopamide; Creatinine; Dihydroergotoxine; Drug Combinations; Electrolytes; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypertension; Kidney Function Tests; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Middle Aged; Proteinuria; Reserpine

To investigate the role of ouabain in human hypertension and to establish whether immunoreactive endogenous ouabain is secreted by the adrenal gland under the influence of dopaminergic regulation.. We measured plasma levels of endogenous ouabain by immunoassay, together with other variables, including plasma renin activity and aldosterone levels, in 91 clinically selected hypertensives and 19 healthy volunteers. We also measured endogenous ouabain in adrenal venous blood and the effect of DA2 dopaminergic receptor blockade and stimulation. After a thorough clinical evaluation, 64 patients were diagnosed with essential hypertension and 24 with primary aldosteronism.. Plasma levels of endogenous ouabain were higher in essential hypertensives than in controls. Multiple regression analysis showed a significant relationship of mean blood pressure with plasma endogenous ouabain, age and body mass index, but not with other measured parameters. The plasma levels of endogenous ouabain were more than two standard deviations above the mean value for normotensives in 45% of patients with essential hypertension in whom plasma renin activity was normal. Higher plasma levels of endogenous ouabain were found in patients with aldosterone excess, specifically affecting 56% of 17 patients with surgically confirmed adrenal cortical adenoma and one (14%) of seven patients with idiopathic causes. Removal of adenomas lowered blood pressure in half of the patients in whom plasma levels of endogenous ouabain normalized after surgery. Plasma endogenous ouabain levels were similar in venous blood from the adrenal and inferior vena cava, and plasma levels were not influenced by DA2 dopaminergic blockade and stimulation.. Approximately half of Caucasian patients with essential hypertension and with hyperaldosteronism exhibit elevated circulating levels of endogenous ouabain. The latter do not appear to be secondary to hypertension, are unrelated to plasma renin activity, and may not involve adrenal type-2 dopaminergic receptors.

Topics: Aldosterone; Blood Pressure; Dihydroergotoxine; Dopamine Agonists; Dopamine Antagonists; Female; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hypertension; Immunoassay; Male; Metoclopramide; Middle Aged; Ouabain; Renin; Retrospective Studies

The observations were carried out in the adult normotensive rats of Wistar strain and in the genetically hypertensive rats developed by Koletsky, i.e., in the strain where is decreased turnover-rate of diencephalo-mesecephalic norepinephrine, increased CNS cholinergic activity accompanied by cholinergic supersensitivity and reduced stress-resistance. The effect of dihydroergotoxine was traced in holeboard and in the elevated plus-maze. Chronic dihydroergotoxine treatment shows "anxiolytic" effect in the elevated plus-maze (i.e., this drug alleviates aversion towards open space and height), increases directed exploration, elevates the rate of habituation of the locomotor-exploratory activity at all, and elevates the rate of habituation of directed exploration especially. The drug in the above mentioned parameters shows very expressive dependent effect, i.e., the effect being more or solely expressed in the genetically hypertensive rats of Koletsky type. The results of our recent series of experiments again suggest that is is well founded to use for the screening of the drugs with potential anxiolytic effect the genetically hypertensive rats of Koletsky type, i.e., the strain which by its CNS neurotransmitter abnormalities resembles deviations observed in the patients suffering from anxio-depressive disorders.

Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Dihydroergotoxine; Female; Hypertension; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred Strains

A study is presented of 67 patients with hypertensive disease (stage II) at the age from 35 to 60 years. Three types of central hemodynamics were singled out: hyperkinetic, hypokinetic and eukinetic. The optimal effect was observed with associated use of Kristepin and obsidan in patients with the hyperkinetic type of hemodynamics. Concentrations of plasma renin and aldosterone cannot be used as criteria for the choice of hypotensive treatment in the above categories of patients.

Topics: Adult; Antihypertensive Agents; Chronic Disease; Clopamide; Dihydroergotoxine; Drug Combinations; Drug Evaluation; Drug Therapy, Combination; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypertension; Middle Aged; Propranolol; Reserpine

Topics: Affinity Labels; Animals; Blood Platelets; Catecholamines; Dihydroergotoxine; Hypertension; Macaca mulatta; Nitrendipine; Phentolamine; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Yohimbine

Topics: Dihydroergotoxine; Emergency Medical Services; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged

Hypertension may cause activation of blood platelets in vivo. One of the possible mechanisms could be adrenergic activation of platelets by catecholamines. Therefore, we have studied specific binding of the alpha 2-adrenoceptor blocker, 3H-yohimbine, to platelets in order to elucidate the role of alpha 2-adrenoceptors of platelets in hypertensive animals. Particularly, competitive inhibition of 3H-yohimbine binding to platelets by hydergine, and plasma catecholamine levels were investigated in hypertensive (stress induced) and normotensive monkeys. It was demonstrated that 3H-yohimbine binds to platelets from rhesus monkeys with high affinity and specificity. The binding was found to be saturable and reversible. Additionally, it was shown that hydergine inhibits specific binding of 3H-yohimbine to platelets from hypertensive monkeys more potent that to those from normotensive animals. The obtained data suggest that the total number of the number of available, free alpha 2-adrenoceptors were reduced on the platelets from hypertensive monkeys. The latter was confirmed by the decreased adrenaline level in the plasma of hypertensive animals.

Topics: Animals; Blood Platelets; Dihydroergotoxine; Epinephrine; Hypertension; Macaca mulatta; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Yohimbine

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aldosterone; Clopamide; Dihydroergotoxine; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy, Combination; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypertension; Middle Aged; Propranolol; Renin; Reserpine

Topics: Aged; Dementia; Dihydroergotoxine; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Methyldopa; Middle Aged; Posture; Random Allocation

Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Adult; Apomorphine; Blood Pressure; Bromocriptine; Dihydroergotoxine; Domperidone; Double-Blind Method; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Norepinephrine; Random Allocation; Receptors, Dopamine

Topics: Adult; Chlorthalidone; Dihydroergotoxine; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypertension; Isoindoles; Metipranolol; Middle Aged; Propanolamines; Propranolol

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Dihydroergotoxine; Humans; Hypertension; Middle Aged

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Dihydroergotoxine; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Migraine Disorders; Vascular Diseases

Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Dihydroergotoxine; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Memory; Middle Aged

Topics: Adult; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Dihydroergotoxine; Echocardiography; Female; Heart; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged

In the author's experience once a day treatment of the hypertensive aged is feasible. A group of 71 cases with an average BP of 170/95 mm Hg or greater and an average age of 72 years were treated with DH ergocristine-clopamide-reserpine compound or methyldopa. The asymptomatic nature of hypertension and a realization of long-term medication accounted for the withdrawal of 18 cases (25.3%) in the first year. At the end of a 40-month period, 47 cases were still under treatment. The BP had been reduced to normal in 27 cases (57.4%) and significantly lowered in 8 cases (17%). With the exception of 1 case, all tolerated the therapy well and experienced no side effects.

Topics: Aged; Clopamide; Dihydroergotoxine; Drug Combinations; Humans; Hypertension; Long-Term Care; Methyldopa; Reserpine

Topics: Adult; Antihypertensive Agents; Clopamide; Coronary Disease; Dihydroergotoxine; Drug Combinations; Drug Evaluation; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Reserpine

Topics: Adult; Aged; Dihydroergotoxine; Drug Combinations; Humans; Hydrochlorothiazide; Hypertension; Middle Aged; Reserpine

The haemodynamic effects of a three-week-treatment with 4-8 mg co-dergocrinmesylate (Hydergin spezial) were investigated in 14 hypertensive patients with a mean age of 58 years and reduced ventricular function (exertional dyspnoea, enlarged cardiac opacity). Blood pressure values at rest and during physical exercise were reduced significantly. Marked cardiac relief was induced manifesting as decrease of enddiastolic and endsystolic volumes and at the same time as an increase of ejection fraction. Cardiac output remained largely constant, lowering of blood pressure was exclusively due to alteration of peripheral total vascular resistance. Cardiac frequency decreased significantly. There was no evidence of negative inotropic effects. Systolic wall tension as the main therapeutic target decreased at rest and during ergometry by 20% and 25%, respectively. Renal perfusion increased slightly, but significantly, in all patients.

Topics: Aged; Cardiac Output; Dihydroergotoxine; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypertension; Middle Aged; Oxygen Consumption; Pulse; Receptors, Dopamine; Stroke Volume

Both age and hypertension are risk factors for the brain. In the presence of a multiple cerebral infarction as obtained by the intra-carotid injection of sodium arachidonate, Hydergine is capable, in the young and old, hypertensive or normotensive rat, of limiting the extent of the edematous reaction, to prevent the intra-cerebral accumulation of Ca++ ions, and limit the fall in cerebral blood flow, all of these facts resulting in a significant improvement in neuromotor behaviour.

Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Brain; Cerebral Infarction; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Dihydroergotoxine; Hypertension; Rats; Risk

The antihypertensive efficacy of co-dergocrine mesylate (a mixture of dihydroergocornine mesylate, dihydroergocristine mesylate, and alpha- and beta-dihydroergocryptine mesylates; Hydergin) and its effects on heart rate, plasma catecholamines, catecholamine excretion and plasma prolactin was tested in 12 elderly hypertensive patients. Co-dergocrine mesylate (6 mg or 12 mg, 1 or 2 tablets once a day) caused a significant reduction of the blood pressure during rest and under physical stress without a reactive increase of the heart rate. Plasma norepinephrine and prolactin as well as urinary excretion of norepinephrine and epinephrine were not affected by co-dergocrine mesylate. The therapeutic advantage of co-dergocrine mesylate for the treatment of hypertension in the elderly is discussed.

Topics: Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Catecholamines; Dihydroergotoxine; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Prolactin

Cardiac membrane preparations from developing spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats (0 to 125 days of age) were analyzed for the apparent numbers of alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors and adenylate cyclase activities in an attempt to correlate biochemical changes with the reported functional changes occurring with the development of hypertension in the SHR. Although the apparent number of alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors were similar in both strains of rats, isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase activities were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in the prehypertensive SHRs when compared to WKY rats and declined to lower values as hypertension appeared. The percent stimulation produced by isoproterenol remained similar in cardiac membranes from normotensive WKY rats at all ages of development whereas this percent stimulation was 40% higher at birth in the SHRs and declined to approximately one half the original value by 100 days of age (P less than 0.05). The elevated adenylate cyclase activity observed during the prehypertensive state may contribute to the genesis of hypertension.

Topics: Adenylyl Cyclases; Animals; Cardiac Output; Dihydroalprenolol; Dihydroergotoxine; Hypertension; Myocardium; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Adrenergic

Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Blood Pressure; Cardiomegaly; Cardiovascular System; Dihydroergotoxine; Hypertension; Hypertension, Renal; Kidney; Lung; Membranes; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta

Topics: Blood Platelets; Cyclic AMP; Dihydroergotoxine; Humans; Hypertension; Hypotension, Orthostatic; Mood Disorders; Nervous System Diseases; Parkinson Disease; Platelet Aggregation; Receptors, Adrenergic; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Schizophrenia

Topics: Adult; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Clopamide; Dihydroergotoxine; Drug Combinations; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Methyldopa; Middle Aged; Propranolol; Renin; Reserpine

Patients wtih pacemakers with constant frequency must cope with their problems of the regulation of the circulation without having the possibility of changing the heart rate. These are not inconsiderable under everyday conditions, e.g. in the orthostatic experiment. A large number of medicaments with coronary and antihypertensive effects disturbs the periphery of the circulation as the possibility of regulation which persist in the patients with pacemakers. On the basis of orthostatic experiments on patients with pacemakers with constant frequency the acute effect of drugs, such as nitroglycerin, trapidil, dihydroergotoxin and aminophyllin as well as the long-term effect of antihypertensive drugs concerning the disturbances of the orthostatic regulation is dealt with. The acute effect especially of nitroglycerin is clinically relevant. Concerning the permanent therapy with antihypertensive drugs, there exists probably a possibility of adaptation. In oral application Rauwolfia alkaloids and clonidin do not show a disadvantageous influence on the orthostatic behaviour.

Topics: Aminophylline; Blood Pressure; Dihydroergotoxine; Humans; Hypertension; Nitroglycerin; Pacemaker, Artificial; Trapidil

As plasma norepinephrine (NE) levels may be similar in hypertensive and normotensive subjects, the sensitivity of adrenergic receptors was investigated in patients with essential hypertension and normotensive subjects of similar age and sex. Alpha-adrenergic receptor sensitivity was measured in platelets by the specific binding of [3H]dihydroergocryptine and the NE inhibition of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1)-stimulated cyclic AMP (cAMP) production. The number of alpha-adrenergic receptors in platelets from hypertensive women was 1.5 times that in the platelets from normotensive ones, with no differences between hypertensive and normotensive women or between men and women in the affinity of the alpha-adrenergic receptor for [3H]dihydroergocryptine. PGE1-stimulated cAMP production was half as great in hypertensive as in normotensive men, while NE inhibition of PGE1-stimulated cAMP production was similar in hypertensive and normotensive men and women. [3H]Dihydroergoeryptine binding in female hypertensives, and PGE1-stimulated cAMP in male hypertensives did not differ from that in sex-matched controls. The sensitivity of the beta-adrenergic receptor, measured by [3H]dihydroalprenolol binding and cAMP production was similar in hypertensive and normotensive subjects.

Topics: Cyclic AMP; Dihydroergotoxine; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Norepinephrine; Prostaglandins E; Receptors, Adrenergic; Sex Factors

Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Blood Pressure; Clopamide; Dihydroergotoxine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypertension; Methyldopa; Physical Exertion; Pindolol

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Clopamide; Dihydroergotoxine; Drug Combinations; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Reserpine

The high blood pressure of essential hypertension sustained by an increased peripheral resistance or by cardiac output, or by both of these magnitudes. To examine the mechanics of lowering the blood pressure in these different forms of hypertension on analysis of circulation was carried out on three patients with a cardiac output hypertension and on seven patients with a resistance hypertension before and after lowering the blood pressure by the compound preparation Briserin. The results showed that the influence on the hemodynamics was different. The therapeutic result was due partly to a decrease of the cardiac output and partly to a reduction in vascular peripheral resistance. The increased parameter of circulation decreased during the treatment. Occasionally however the cardiac output as well as the peripheral resistance were decreased or while one of the parameters decreased the other even increased.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Aorta; Blood Pressure; Cardiac Output; Cardiac Volume; Clopamide; Dihydroergotoxine; Drug Combinations; Elasticity; Exercise Test; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Reserpine; Vascular Resistance

Topics: Adult; Dihydroergotoxine; Ergoloid Mesylates; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular

Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Clopamide; Dihydroergotoxine; Drug Combinations; Drug Evaluation; Humans; Hypertension; Reserpine

Phentolamine, dihydroergocristine and isoxsuprine were compared for their effects on the blood pressure in anaesthetized normotensive rats, in rats made hypotensive by ganglionic blockade or by pithing and in rats with noradrenaline-induced hypertension. Their ability to inhibit pressor responses elicited by electrical stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus and of the sympathetic outflow from the spinal cord was also investigated. All three drugs appeared very potent in inhibiting noradrenaline-induced hypertension and caused a dose-dependent fall in blood pressure in normotensive rats, which however was less pronounced with dihydroergocristine than with phentolamine and isoxsuprine. In hypotensive rats, dihydroergocristine caused a rise in blood pressure. At higher doses than those required to block noradrenaline-induced hypertension, the three drugs inhibited pressor responses elicited by electrical stimulation and were equally active on peripherally- and centrally-evoked responses. Simultaneous recording of heart rate and blood pressure, both in anaesthetized and in pithed rats, indicated a reflex origin for phentolamine-induced tachycardia and a direct cardiac stimulation for isoxsuprine. Reflex changes of heart rate were not observed with dihydroergocristine.

Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Dihydroergotoxine; Electric Stimulation; Ergoloid Mesylates; Heart Rate; Hypertension; Hypotension; Hypothalamus, Posterior; Isoxsuprine; Male; Norepinephrine; Pentolinium Tartrate; Phentolamine; Rats; Reflex; Spinal Nerves

Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Dihydroergotoxine; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction

The adaptability of the kidney in heart-failure is restricted. This is due to a sympathetically mediated renal vasoconstriction, forming part of a sympathetically induced general rearrangement of haemodynamics. This is reflected in a rise of the total peripheral vascular resistance and of the right auricular pressure and can be normalized to a large extent by sympathetic gamma-blockade. The renal vasoconstriction reduces the glomerular filtration rate and, thus, the tubular sodium load. Simultaneously, possibly by the same sympathetic stimulus, more renin is liberated from the juxtaglomerular apparatus. This increases the production of angiotensin and in turn, raises the production of aldosterone. By the combined effect of the reduced glomerular sodium load and aldosterone-mediated increase in tubular reabsorption of sodium, sodium and water will be retained in the body. During the night-rest the load on the circulatory system diminishes. In the early stages of heart-failure this emergency circulatory reaction, therefore, subsides and the rise of the renal fraction of the cardiac output leads to the excretion of the retained fluid and is the basis of nocturia.

Topics: Blood Proteins; Capillaries; Chlorides; Circadian Rhythm; Dibenzylchlorethamine; Dihydroergotoxine; Edema; Extracellular Space; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Heart Failure; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypertension; Juxtaglomerular Apparatus; Kidney; Regional Blood Flow; Renin; Sodium; Sympathetic Nervous System; Vasomotor System; Water-Electrolyte Balance

Topics: Cardiovascular Agents; Dihydroergotoxine; Drug Therapy; Ergot Alkaloids; Geriatrics; Hypertension; Intracranial Arteriosclerosis; Tuberous Sclerosis

Topics: Cardiovascular Agents; Cats; Cheese; Chlorpromazine; Dihydroergotoxine; Ergot Alkaloids; Hypertension; Iproniazid; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; Oxidoreductases; Pharmacology; Phenelzine; Rats; Research; Toxicology; Tranylcypromine; Tyramine

Topics: Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Determination; Chlorisondamine; Dihydroergotoxine; Dogs; Ergot Alkaloids; Ergotamine; Hexamethonium Compounds; Hypertension; Methylergonovine; Oxytocics; Pentolinium Tartrate; Pharmacology; Procaine; Research; Toxicology; Trimethaphan

Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Biomedical Research; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Dementia; Dihydroergotoxine; Ergoloid Mesylates; Ergot Alkaloids; Geriatrics; Humans; Hypertension; Intracranial Arteriosclerosis; Psychotic Disorders; Toxicology

Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Atrial Fibrillation; Dihydroergotoxine; Electrocardiography; Ergot Alkaloids; Humans; Hypertension; Mitral Valve Stenosis

Topics: Biomedical Research; Dihydroergotoxine; Drug Therapy; Ergoloid Mesylates; Ergot Alkaloids; Glaucoma; Humans; Hypertension; Ophthalmic Solutions

Topics: Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Determination; Dihydroergotoxine; Dogs; Ergot Alkaloids; Ergotamine; Hypertension; Hypotension; Methylergonovine; Pharmacology; Research; Toxicology

Topics: Autonomic Nervous System Diseases; Cardiovascular Agents; Dihydroergotoxine; Ergoloid Mesylates; Ergot Alkaloids; Hypertension; Oxytocics

Topics: Cardiovascular Agents; Dihydroergotoxine; Ergoloid Mesylates; Ergot Alkaloids; Hypertension

Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Cardiovascular Agents; Dihydroergotoxine; Ergoloid Mesylates; Ergot Alkaloids; Hypertension; Oxytocics

Topics: Autonomic Nervous System Diseases; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Agents; Dihydroergotoxine; Ergot Alkaloids; Hypertension; Oxytocics

Topics: Cardiovascular Agents; Dihydroergotoxine; Ergot Alkaloids; Hypertension; Oxytocics