digitoxin and Hemolysis

A multitarget functional bioassay was optimized as a method for detecting substances interacting with the inflammatory process of activated neutrophil granulocytes, mainly to release elastase detected by p-nitroanilide (pNA) formation. Using this bioassay, 100 fractionated extracts of 96 plants were screened, with results presented in a manner that links recorded biological activity to phylogenetic information. The plants were selected to represent a major part of the angiosperms, with emphasis on medicinal plants, Swedish anti-inflammatory plants, and plants known to contain peptides. Of the tested extracts, 41% inhibited pNA formation more than 60%, and 3% stimulated formation. The extract of Digitalis purpurea enhanced pNA formation, and digitoxin, the active compound, was isolated and identified. Plant extracts that exhibited potent nonselective inhibition (>80% inhibition) were evaluated further for direct inhibition of isolated elastase and trypsin enzyme. The inhibitory effect of most tested extracts on the isolated enzyme elastase was similar to that of PAF- and fMLP-induced pNA formation. Compared to trypsin, inhibition of elastase by extracts of Rubus idaeus and Tabernaemontana dichotoma was significantly higher (80% and 99%, respectively). Inhibition of trypsin by the extract of Reseda luteola was high (97%). Orders such as Lamiales and Brassicales were shown to include a comparably high proportion of plants with inhibitory extracts.

Topics: alpha-Amylases; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Benzoylarginine Nitroanilide; Biological Assay; Biological Products; Cytochalasin B; Digitalis; Digitonin; Digitoxin; Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; Hemolysis; Humans; Lamiaceae; Leukocyte Elastase; Magnoliopsida; N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; Neutrophil Activation; Neutrophils; Peptides; Plant Proteins; Plants, Medicinal; Platelet Activating Factor; Superoxides; Sweden; Tabernaemontana; Trypsin Inhibitors; Violaceae

Topics: Acute Disease; Acute Kidney Injury; Anticoagulants; Contraceptives, Oral; Digitoxin; Female; Hemolysis; Humans; Nephritis, Interstitial; Rifampin; Thrombocytopenia; Tuberculosis

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Hypochromic; Blood Proteins; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cholesterol; Citrates; Digitalis; Erythrocytes; Hemolysis; Heparin; Leukopenia; Lipids; Osmosis; Pharmacology; Protein Deficiency; Rats; Research; Saponins

Topics: Bile Acids and Salts; Cell Death; Digitalis; Digitalis Glycosides; Glutathione; Hemolysis; Plant Extracts; Salts; Saponins; Time Factors

Topics: Cell Death; Digitalis; Digitalis Glycosides; Digitonin; Hemolysis; Plant Extracts

Topics: Animals; Bees; Cell Death; Cell Differentiation; Digitalis; Digitalis Glycosides; Digitonin; Hemolysis; Lecithins; Phosphatidylcholines; Plant Extracts; Snake Venoms; Venoms

Topics: Cell Death; Digitalis; Digitalis Glycosides; Digitonin; Hemolysis; Plant Extracts

Topics: Cholesterol; Digitalis; Digitalis Glycosides; Digitonin; Glycosides; Hemolysis; Humans; Plant Extracts