digitoxin and Body-Weight

Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Anesthesia; Body Weight; Creatinine; Critical Care; Digitalis Glycosides; Digitoxin; Digoxin; Humans; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Time Factors

Topics: Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Body Weight; Cardiac Glycosides; Digitoxin; Digoxin; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Methods; Strophanthins

Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Clinical Trials as Topic; Digitoxin; Female; Headache; Heart Diseases; Heart Rate; Heart Valve Diseases; Humans; Ischemia; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Nausea; Pulmonary Heart Disease; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal

Topics: Adult; Aged; Arteriosclerosis; Body Weight; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Digitoxin; Diuresis; Electrocardiography; Heart Conduction System; Heart Failure; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Injections, Intravenous; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction

The possibility of interference by apparent digitoxin-like immunoreactive substance (DTLIS) with three radioimmunoassays was studied in patients with renal insufficiency. From each of 25 adult patients with renal insufficiency and 25 age-matched and sex-matched control subjects with normal renal function, a single serum sample was obtained and assayed for digitoxin content by three commercially available radioimmunoassays (GammaCoat, Coat-A-Count, and the Wien assay). Although two of the three assays found measurable concentrations, the difference in apparent digitoxin concentrations between the control subjects and those with renal insufficiency was not significant. Assay interference could not be explained on the basis of differences in age, serum creatinine concentration, or weight. The magnitude of DTLIS interference in relation to the digitoxin therapeutic range appears to be small with the radioimmunoassays used in this study.

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Body Weight; Creatinine; Digitoxin; Humans; Middle Aged; Radioimmunoassay

In 1063 patients (greater than or equal to 60 years, 531 men, 532 women) the plasma concentration during digitalis maintenance therapy (metildigoxin, n = 356, beta-acetyldigoxin, n = 359, and digitoxin, n = 348) was determined and related to sex, age, body weight, serum potassium, renal function and the prescribed daily maintenance dose. Classification of treatment groups according to renal function (Crea less than or equal to 1.3 mg/dl parallel greater than 1.3 mg/dl) did not show any difference of the mean maintenance doses. In multiple linear regression analyses only a weak relationship between plasma digitalis concentration and the studied variables was found, which could be equally attributed to dose, creatinine and serum potassium in the digoxin derivative groups, whereas for digitoxin only body weight had a significant effect on the plasma concentration. During a maintenance dose of 0.07 or 0.1 mg/die which was given to 87% of patients in the digitoxin group, 70% were found to have plasma levels within the therapeutic range.

Topics: Acetyldigoxins; Aged; Body Weight; Digitoxin; Digoxin; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Heart Failure; Humans; Kidney Function Tests; Medigoxin

Thyroxine (T4) administered to rats in a dose of 1 mg/kg for 12 days induces cardiac hypertrophy. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of prophylactic + simultaneous digitoxin treatments on the development of T4-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Digitoxin (1 mg/kg body weight) was given per os, once daily for 6 days prior to T4 administration and continued simultaneously with T4 treatment. To determine myocardial enlargement, wet heart weight, myocardial nucleic acid and protein were measured. Digitoxin treatment induced a slight increase in wet ventricle weight and a significant elevation of myocardial RNA content (mg/ventricles) and concentration (mg/g). At the same time, the degree of T4-induced cardiac hypertrophy in digitoxin-treated and untreated animals was nearly the same. On the basis of these results it can be stated that--unlike the cardiac hypertrophy induced by pressure overload or hypoxia,--the T4-induced cardiac hypertrophy is not altered by digitoxin administration.

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Cardiomegaly; Digitoxin; DNA; Male; Myocardium; Organ Size; Oxygen Consumption; Proteins; Rats; RNA; Thyroxine

Following administration of digitoxin, 1 mg intravenously, the pharmacokinetics of this glycoside were studied in eight healthy volunteers and in eight patients with hepatorenal insufficiency (mean creatinine clearance 19.6 +/- 2.9 ml/min; antipyrine clearance 25.6 +/- 3.2 ml/min; means +/- SEM). Liver cirrhosis of the patients was confirmed by liver biopsy. Plasma protein binding of digitoxin (means +/- SEM) was 95.1 +/- 0.7% in the patients and 95.6 +/- 1.2% in the volunteers (NS). Total body clearance of digitoxin was 0.0530 +/- 0.0040 ml/min/kg of body weight in the patients and 0.0547 +/- 0.0043 ml/min/kg of body weight in the healthy subjects (NS). When elimination half-lives of the patients and the volunteers were compared, there was also no significant difference (7.0 +/- 0.77 days in the patient group and 7.8 +/- 0.8 days in the volunteers). Our data concerning digitoxin kinetics in patients with hepatorenal insufficiency do not indicate an accumulation of the drug in these patients.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Biological Availability; Body Weight; Digitoxin; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Kinetics; Liver Diseases; Male; Middle Aged

Isoproterenol (IPR) administered to rats in a dose of 5 mg/kg for 4 days induces cardiac hypertrophy. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of prophylactic + simultaneous digitoxin treatment on the development of IPR-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Digitoxin (1 mg/kg body weight) was given per os, once daily for 6 days prior to IPR administration and continued simultaneously with IPR treatment. To determine myocardial enlargement, wet heart weight, myocardial nucleic acid and protein were measured. Digitoxin treatment induced slight but significant increase in wet ventricle weight and myocardial RNA content (mg/ventricle). At the same time the degree of IPR-induced cardiac hypertrophy in digitoxin-treated and untreated animals was nearly the same. On the basis of these results it can be stated that--unlike the cardiac hypertrophy induced by pressure overload or hypoxia,--the IPR-induced cardiac hypertrophy is not altered by digitoxin administration.

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Cardiomegaly; Digitoxin; Heart Ventricles; Isoproterenol; Male; Myocardium; Organ Size; Proteins; Rats; RNA

The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that an increased digitalis-like activity, induced by excessive intake of Na, is involved in the development and maintenance of hypertension. In normotensive rats prolonged administration of digitoxin alone induced only a mild and transient rise of blood pressure. Increased intake of NaCl did not affect the blood pressure of these rats. However, simultaneous administration of both digitoxin and NaCl produced a sustained elevation of blood pressure. In SHR the effect of the addition (6% of the weight of the pellets) of 1) NaCl or 2) a mixture containing 50% NaCl and 50% KCl or 3) a mixture containing 65% NaCl, 25% KCl, and 10% MgSO . 7H2O, was examined. A marked fall of blood pressure occurred during the use of the mixtures containing K and Mg. The results suggests that both an increased intake of Na and an increased digitalis-like activity are needed for the development of hypertension. The results on SHR confirm the previous findings demonstrating that the use of salt mixtures in which a part of the NaCl is replaced by K and Mg salts is beneficial compared to the use of NaCl. Furthermore, since K and Mg are effective antagonists of digitalis the results could suggest the involvement of an increased digitalis-like activity in the maintenance of hypertension.

Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Digitoxin; Electrolytes; Female; Hypertension; Magnesium; Male; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium; Sodium Chloride

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Cattle; Digitoxin; Female; Injections, Intravenous; Species Specificity

Topics: Age Factors; Body Height; Body Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; Digitoxin; Drug Administration Schedule; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn

In 198 patients, among them 153 with a creatinine clearance of less than 20 ml/min, the relationship between the digitoxin plasma level and retrospective data on daily digitoxin dose, age, body weight and renal function has been evaluated. A multiple regression analysis yielded only a very weak correlation (100 r2 = 13.2%, n = 186), with the digitoxin dose having by far the highest partial coefficient of determination (100 r2 = 11.5%). The partial correlation for the renal function was too small as to be relevant (100 r2 = 0.6%). Owing to the weakness of correlation it is impossible to predict the digitoxin plasma level on the basis of standard clinical data. A single dose in the range of 0.07 to 0.1 mg/day seems to be an appropriate treatment for most patients. Corresponding to a median dose of 0.082 mg digitoxin daily during steady state a median plasma level of 14.6 ng/ml has been calculated.

Topics: Age Factors; Body Weight; Digitoxin; Humans; Kidney

In a prospective study on digitalis intoxication, low serum magnesium was found in 90 patients, while 388 patients had values above 1.5 mEq/l. Hypomagnesemia was more frequent in women than in men, in those with low body weight and in those with advanced heart failure. More patients with hypomagnesemia than those without had nausea, anorexia, fatigue, flickering of vision and atrial tachycardia with block. Patients with hypomagnesemia also had lower serum potassium than normomagnesemic patients. There was, however, no significant difference in the prevalence of digitalis intoxication or in serum digitoxin concentration. Nor was there any correlation between serum digitoxin and serum magnesium levels.

Topics: Body Weight; Digitalis Glycosides; Digitoxin; Female; Humans; Magnesium; Male; Potassium; Prospective Studies; Sex Factors

In a prospective study of digitalis intoxication in 649 patients on maintenance treatment with digitoxin a low incidence of digitalis toxicity was found, namely, 5.8 per cent. This is mainly due to a more careful use to digitalis glycosides. It is especially important to reduce the dose of digitoxin in the liver and partly excreted metabolized in the liver and partly excreted through the kidneys as metabolities. Serum half-time of digitoxin is shortened in patients with impaired renal function. Patients with reduced renal function may be treated with digitoxin in the same doses as individuals with normal renal function. This is in contrast to patients treated with digoxin. Digitoxin should therefore be the cardiac glycoside of choice in treatment of patients with renal failure. Digitoxin is further rapidly eliminated in patients with reduced liver function in spite of its extensive hepatic metabolism. In this study extracardia symptoms were found equally often as cardiac signs of toxicity. Patients intoxicated usually had several symptoms and signs of toxicity at the same time. The specificity of commonly used symptoms and signs a digitalis intoxication is very low. In this study atrial tachycardia with block, which has been considered to be an important cardiotoxic arrhythmia, very seldom was found in digitalis intoxication. There is an overlap in digitalis serum concentration between toxic and nontoxic patients. The diagnosis of toxicity was made on clinical grounds. Most of the intoxicated patients had high serum concentrations, but some had concentrations in the normal or low range. Apart from being a guide to the diagnosis of digitalis intoxication, serum digitalis levels may further be a guide to underdigitalization of cardiac patients, especially patients in sinus rhythm.

Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Body Weight; Digitoxin; Female; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Liver; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies

Bilateral compression of the adrenal glands combined in mononephrectomy and followed by the imposition of a high NaC1 intake resulted in severe hypertension in all rats so treated. It was accompanied by enlargement of the heart, kidneys, and adrenal glands, atrophy of the thymus, and the occurrence of severe nephrosclerosis. Digitoxin treatment delayed the onset, reduced the incidence, and ameliorated the magnitude of the hypertensive response in such animals; it also reduced the degree of cardiac hypertrophy and the severity of nephrosclerosis and completely prevented enlargement of the adrenals and kidneys and atrophy of the thymus.

Topics: Adrenal Glands; Animals; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Cardiomegaly; Digitoxin; Female; Hypertension; Kidney; Nephrosclerosis; Organ Size; Rats; Thymus Gland

Removal of the pericardium in combination with a mild exercise programme of swimming resulted in a significant increase in heart weight and heart weight/body weight ratio of young rats. Heart weight/body weight ratios were 3.46+/-0.25 in the sedentary control animals, 4.16+/-0.26 in pericardiectomized animals swimming 2 h each day, and 4.60+/-0.22 in pericardiectomized animals swimming 6h/d. The effect of pericardiectomy on the development of cardiac hypertrophy is additive to that of mild exercise (2h/d) but not to prolonged exercise (6h/d). The administration of digitoxin significantly decreased the development of cardiac hypertrophy in pericardiectomized animals that were exercised for 2 h/d but not those exercised for 6 h/d. These findings further substantiate the physiological effect on the heart of the pericardium. The effects of pericardiectomy should be considered in experimental studies of cardiac hypertrophy and in clinical studies involving cardiac surgery.

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Cardiomegaly; Digitoxin; Female; Organ Size; Pericardium; Physical Exertion; Rats; Swimming

To determine the effect of prolonged digitoxin administration on contractile function of nonfailing myocardium, right ventricular papillary muscle mechanics were examined after 6 or 24 wk of glycoside administration to control and pulmonary artery banded cats. Resting length-tension relations were not affected by digitoxin; however, isometrically developed force and the maximal rate of force development at the peak of the length-tension curve were increased in all treated groups. In untreated animals, banding resulted in a 28% incidence of deaths from heart failure. 6 wk after constriction, contractile function was depressed whereas normal function was observed 24 wk after banding. Digitoxin significantly reduced mortality from heart failure and enhanced the recovery of contractile function; contractile function in the 6 wk banded treated group approached that of untreated control and 24-wk banded groups. The long-term effects of digitoxin on contractile function were not importantly related to the temporal association between banding and institution of glycoside administration. Development of myocardial hypertrophy was comparable in treated and untreated banded groups.These results demonstrate that a significant positive inotropic effect persists in both normal and nonfailing hypertrophied myocardium during chronic digitoxin administration.

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Cardiac Output; Cardiac Volume; Cardiomegaly; Cats; Digitoxin; Disease Models, Animal; Heart Failure; Myocardial Contraction; Papillary Muscles; Stimulation, Chemical; Time Factors

Serum digitoxin levels were measured in 18 infants (under two years) and in 23 children (aged 2-13 years) receiving maintenance therapy. Digitalization was carried out because of heart failure in 17 infants and 13 children and for control of dysrhythmia in one infant and 10 children. Mean maintenance dosage for infants was 0.0042 plus or minus 0.0008 (sd) mg/kg/day and for children was 0.0031 plus or minus 0.0012 mg/kg/day. The mean serum digitoxin level was not significantly different in infants (30 plus or minus 10 ng/ml, range 14-58) from that found for children (34 plus or minus 11 ng/ml, range 19-61). Both values were significantly different (P smaller than 0.001) from those determined in this laboratory for adults (mean 24 plus or minus 7 ng/ml, range 5-39). In four infants with electrocardiographic or other evidence of toxicity, the mean serum level was 71 plus or minus 2 ng/ml (range 68-72), and in four children with electrocardiographic or other evidence of toxicity, the mean serum level for digitoxin was 72 plus or minus 14 ng/ml (range 53-84). The data suggest that infants and children tolerate a higher serum digitoxin concentration without any evidence of toxicity and may require more digitoxin (mg/kg) for therapeutic effect than do adults. Serum digitoxin levels may serve as an important guide in determining the adequacy of digitalization and in the recognition and management of digitalis toxicity.

Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Body Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; Digitoxin; Electrocardiography; Heart; Heart Failure; Humans; Infant; Radioimmunoassay

Topics: Altitude; Animals; Body Weight; Cardiomegaly; Digitoxin; Heart Ventricles; Hemodynamics; Hypoxia; Organ Size; Rats

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Body Weight; Cardiomyopathies; Creatinine; Digitoxin; Humans; Immune Sera; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Methods; Middle Aged; Nephrotic Syndrome; Radioimmunoassay; Serum Albumin

Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Cardiac Output; Cardiac Volume; Diet; Digitoxin; Edema; Female; Heart; Heart Rate; Humans; Middle Aged; Physical Exertion; Plasma Volume; Sodium Chloride

Topics: Body Weight; Cardiac Catheterization; Cardiomegaly; Codeine; Cough; Diagnosis, Differential; Digitalis; Dyspnea; Female; Hemoptysis; Humans; Leiomyosarcoma; Lung Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Pericardial Effusion; Phytotherapy; Plants, Medicinal; Plants, Toxic; Pulmonary Artery; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis; Respiratory Function Tests

Topics: Aged; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Body Weight; Digitalis; Diuretics; Female; Furosemide; Heart Failure; Hematocrit; Humans; Hydrochlorothiazide; Infarction; Ischemia; Male; Mesenteric Arteries; Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion; Middle Aged; Organomercury Compounds; Plants, Medicinal; Plants, Toxic; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors; Triamterene

Topics: Adult; Body Weight; Colorimetry; Digitalis Glycosides; Digitoxin; Digoxin; Fluorometry; Gastric Juice; Heart Defects, Congenital; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Kidney; Liver; Lung; Male; Methods; Myocardium

Topics: Adult; Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Atrial Fibrillation; Bicarbonates; Blood Proteins; Body Composition; Body Water; Body Weight; Bromine; Cardiac Complexes, Premature; Chlorides; Creatinine; Digitalis; Diuretics; Female; Heart Diseases; Heart Failure; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mitral Valve Insufficiency; Phytotherapy; Plants, Medicinal; Plants, Toxic; Potassium; Potassium Chloride; Potassium Isotopes; Sodium; Sodium Isotopes; Spironolactone; Tachycardia

Topics: Age Factors; Blood Pressure; Body Height; Body Weight; Cardiac Catheterization; Cardiac Output; Digitalis; Female; Heart; Heart Diseases; Humans; Male; Oxygen; Plants, Medicinal; Plants, Toxic; Sex Factors; Time Factors

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Angiocardiography; Body Height; Body Weight; Child; Digitalis; Electrocardiography; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Heart Rate; Humans; Infant; Male; Nail Biting; Physical Exertion; Phytotherapy; Plants, Medicinal; Plants, Toxic; Prognosis; Propranolol; Recurrence; Socioeconomic Factors; Sweden; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal; Time Factors

Topics: Administration, Oral; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Body Weight; Computers; Digitalis Glycosides; Digitoxin; Digoxin; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Injections; Kidney; Kinetics; Lanatosides; Myocardium

Topics: Animals; Aortic Diseases; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Digitoxin; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Heart; Heart Diseases; Hypertrophy; Organ Size; Physical Exertion; Rats; Swimming

Topics: Adsorption; Aged; Antibodies; Binding Sites; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Body Weight; Charcoal; Dextrans; Digitoxin; Electrocardiography; Female; Heart Diseases; Humans; Male; Methods; Middle Aged; Potassium; Protein Binding; Radioimmunoassay; Sex Factors; Tritium

Topics: Anabolic Agents; Androstanes; Animals; Body Weight; Desoxycorticosterone; Digitoxin; Diuretics; Estradiol; Ethisterone; Ethylestrenol; Female; Fluoxymesterone; Hydrocortisone; Ketones; Methyltestosterone; Nandrolone; Norethandrolone; Norethynodrel; Organ Size; Oxandrolone; Oxymetholone; Poisoning; Pregnanes; Pregnenolone; Progesterone; Pyrazines; Rats; Spironolactone; Testosterone; Triamterene

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alcoholic Beverages; Atrial Fibrillation; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure Determination; Body Weight; Cough; Diet; Digitoxin; Electric Countershock; Electrocardiography; Emotions; Fatigue; Female; Heart; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Posture; Quinidine; Radiography; Rest; Thyroid Function Tests; Vagus Nerve; Vomiting

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Castration; Digitalis; Male; Methandrostenolone; Muscles; Plants, Medicinal; Plants, Toxic; Rats

Topics: Animals; Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Aortic Valve Stenosis; Body Weight; Columbidae; Coronary Disease; Digitoxin; Heart Failure; Heart Rate; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial; Humans; Hypertension; Hyperthyroidism; Mitral Valve Stenosis; Pericarditis, Constrictive; Pulmonary Heart Disease

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aldosterone; Anura; Blood Chemical Analysis; Body Weight; Desoxycorticosterone; Digitalis; Diuretics; Edema; Electrolytes; Heart Failure; Humans; Hydroflumethiazide; Potassium; Research; Sodium; Urine

Topics: Adrenal Glands; Animals; Blood Volume; Body Weight; Digitalis; Digitalis Glycosides; Digitoxin; Female; Pregnancy; Rats

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Body Weights and Measures; Congenital Abnormalities; Digitalis; Digitalis Glycosides; Guinea Pigs; Heart