dieldrin and Body-Weight

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aminopyrine; Animals; Autopsy; Body Weight; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Chlordan; DDT; Dieldrin; Dogs; Drug Synergism; Female; Fertility; Health; Humans; Hydrocarbons, Halogenated; Insecticides; Lactation; Male; Mammary Glands, Animal; Microsomes; Milk, Human; Naphthalenes; Nitrosamines; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Pesticides; Pregnancy; Rats; Sex Factors; Starvation

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Birds; Body Weight; Cats; Cattle; Chickens; Dieldrin; Diet; Dogs; Drug Tolerance; Eating; Female; Guinea Pigs; Haplorhini; Humans; Liver; Mice; Mortality; Organ Size; Pesticides; Pregnancy; Rabbits; Rats; Reproduction; Sheep; Swine

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Western women and while its precise etiology is unknown, environmental factors are thought to play a role. The organochlorine pesticide dieldrin is a persistent environmental toxicant thought to increase the risk of breast cancer and reduce survival in the human population. The objective of this study was to define the effect of developmental exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of dieldrin, on mammary tumor development in the offspring. Sexually mature FVB-MMTV/neu female mice were treated with vehicle (corn oil), or dieldrin (0.45, 2.25, and 4.5 microg/g body weight) daily by gavage for 5 days prior to mating and then once weekly throughout gestation and lactation until weaning. Dieldrin concentrations were selected to produce serum levels representative of human background body burdens, occupational exposure, and overt toxicity. Treatment had no effect on litter size, birth weight or the number of pups surviving to weaning. The highest dose of dieldrin significantly increased the total tumor burden and the volume and number of tumors found in the thoracic mammary glands. Increased mRNA and protein expression of the neurotrophin BDNF and its receptor TrkB was increased in tumors from the offspring of dieldrin treated dams. This study indicates that developmental exposure to the environmental contaminant dieldrin causes increased tumor burden in genetically predisposed mice. Dieldrin exposure also altered the expression of BNDF and TrkB, novel modulators of cancer pathogenesis.

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Dieldrin; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Lactation; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental; Maternal Exposure; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Receptor, ErbB-2; Receptor, trkB; RNA, Messenger

Two studies investigated the accumulation and reproductive effects of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDE) and dieldrin over 30 or 120 d of oral exposure in captive Florida, USA, largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides floridanus). The 30-d exposures were conducted during the peak reproductive season, and the 120-d study was conducted to simulate exposure throughout the ovarian cycle. Whole body chemical residue concentrations were similar, regardless of exposure duration, for the medium and high feed concentrations of either chemical; however, the low-dose residue concentrations were much lower, yet similar to natural exposures. No clear dose-response relationships were identified between chemical dose and morphological (length, weight, hepatosomatic index) or reproductive endpoints (sex steroid concentration, gonadosomatic index, percentage of fry hatching). Reproductive parameters were variable within treatment groups, indicating that circulating sex steroids and percent hatch endpoints have high natural variability among fish of the same age and reproductive stage. However, in general there was a decrease in plasma estradiol and 11-ketotestosterone for female and male fish, respectively, that were exposed to dieldrin. Overall, results suggest that exposure throughout ovarian (follicular) development to either DDE or dieldrin alone does not result in the depressed endocrine status and poor reproductive success reported in highly organochlorine pesticide-contaminated environments in Central Florida, USA.

Topics: Animals; Bass; Biomarkers; Body Size; Body Weight; Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane; Dieldrin; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Florida; Gonads; Liver; Male; Pesticides; Reproduction; Seasons; Steroids; Time Factors; Water Pollutants, Chemical

Activities of hepatic microsomal and cytosolic epoxide hydrolases, accumulation of dieldrin in liver, and in vivo metabolism and disposition of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), benzo[a]pyrene (BP), were examined in rainbow trout pretreated with dieldrin, a chlorinated cyclodiene insecticide. Rainbow trout were fed 0.3 mg dieldrin/kg/day for 9 weeks and the same dose of dieldrin for 9 weeks, followed by 3 weeks on control diet (12 weeks). Fish then received an intraperitoneal (ip) challenge dose of 14C-BP (10 micromol/kg). Dieldrin pretreatment significantly elevated the concentration of 14C-BP in bile (142% and 200% at 9 and 12 weeks, respectively), but not liver or fat. Extraction of bile subsamples confirmed dieldrin pretreatment significantly stimulated total biliary excretion of 14C-BP polar metabolites (244% and 221% at week 9 and 12, respectively). The complex metabolism of BP characterized the in vivo state of the CYP system, UDP-glucuronyltransferases, and sulfotransferases. Bile was extracted and then hydrolyzed by beta-glucuronidase and arylsulfatase to regenerate BP metabolites conjugated by phase II enzymes. Evaluation of biliary polar metabolite profiles of 14C-BP revealed no significant differences between control and dieldrin-fed fish. There was no selective enhancement of any particular metabolite, or formation of a novel metabolite with dieldrin pretreatment. This research confirmed that enhanced biliary excretion, following chronic dieldrin exposure, was not explained by induction of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. The results are consistent with induction of hepatic intracellular trafficking proteins in dieldrin-fed fish.

Topics: Animals; Benzo(a)pyrene; Bile; Body Weight; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Dieldrin; Drug Interactions; Epoxide Hydrolases; Insecticides; Microsomes, Liver; Oncorhynchus mykiss

Topics: Adult; Body Height; Body Weight; DDT; Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; Dieldrin; Diet; Fats; Female; Humans; Indonesia; Insecticides; Milk, Human; Pesticide Residues; Pregnancy; Rural Population; Urban Population

Early life stages of Clarias gariepinus were found to be less sensitive to acute dieldrin toxicity than were those of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus; 96-h LC50 values for 37-day-old fry were 11. 7 and 4.95 microg liter-1, respectively. The growth of C. gariepinus fry was unaffected by 30 days of exposure to 2.4 microg liter-1 dieldrin under static conditions with water renewal every 96 h, whereas growth of O. niloticus fry was significantly reduced. Adult C. gariepinus exposed to dieldrin for 30 days, with water changes every 96 h, rapidly absorbed dieldrin from aqueous solution. Dieldrin concentration was measured just before water changes and from an initial concentration of 4.0 microg liter-1, stabilized after 12 days at about 0.075 microg liter-1, indicating that a balance between uptake and excretion and metabolism had been achieved. Dieldrin accumulated in the tissues during these exposures, especially in the liver, where after 30 days the bioconcentration factor relative to initial concentration was about 900. Chronic exposure of C. gariepinus to dieldrin had no effect on blood hematocrit and hemoglobin, but appeared to slow the growth of catfish and had a clear negative effect on the reproductive potential of mature females.

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Brain; Catfishes; Dieldrin; Female; Insecticides; Lethal Dose 50; Liver; Muscle, Skeletal; Nigeria; Reproduction; Tilapia; Tissue Distribution; Water Pollutants, Chemical

Threshold dosages of the photoisomers of cyclodiene insecticides, namely photochlordane, photodieldrin, and photoheptachlor, for the induction of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 (P450) and liver hypertrophy in male rats were at least one-quarter of those reported for corresponding parent cyclodienes. Maximum increase in total P450 concentration (30%) and demethylases activities (100%) was always respectively one-third or one-tenth of that reported for parent cyclodienes. The P450 isozymic form induced by photoheptachlor resembled that induced by pentobarbital (P4502B1) in its substrate specificity, spectral characteristics, and electrophoretic mobility. The induction of P450 was initially followed by hepatic hypertrophy. However, higher dosages of photoisomers caused wasting and lowered both the liver weight and the activity of aniline hydroxylase while those of mirex and endrin, which also caused wasting and lowered aniline hydroxylase activity, continued causing further hepatic hypertrophy.

Topics: Aniline Hydroxylase; Animals; Body Weight; Chlordan; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Dieldrin; Enzyme Induction; Heptachlor; Hypertrophy; Insecticides; Isoenzymes; Liver; Male; Microsomes, Liver; Mirex; Organ Size; Pentobarbital; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Substrate Specificity

The present study examined whether modified xenobiotic transport, resulting from chlordecone (CD) or dieldrin pretreatment, would alter polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) or organochlorine (OC) target organ doses and subsequent tumor organospecificity or incidence rates in rainbow trout. Additionally, the potential for exposure to dieldrin or CD, following PAH exposure, to enhance tumor incidence was assessed. Evaluation of CD pretreatment effects on [14C]CD disposition in trout was conducted following two i.p. (0-15 mg/kg) and two dietary (0-0.4 mg/kg/d) pretreatment regimes. To assess the influence of OC pretreatment on cancer induced by the PAH 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), juvenile trout were fed control, CD (0.1, 0.4 mg/kg/d), or dieldrin (0.1, 0.3 mg/kg/d) diets for 9 wk, received a waterborne [3H]DMBA exposure (1 mg/L, 20 h), and resumed control, CD, or dieldrin diets for 33 wk. [3H]DMBA disposition and hepatic [3H]DMBA binding were examined immediately and 24 h after exposure. Hepatic and stomach tumor incidences were determined 33 wk after DMBA exposure. CD pretreatment did not influence [14C]CD or [3H]DMBA hepatic concentrations, hepatic [3H]DMBA DNA binding, or hepatic/stomach tumor incidence. It did, however, elevate bile [14C]CD and [3H]DMBA concentrations. Postinitiation exposure to CD weakly enhanced DMBA-induced hepatic tumor incidence at the low but not the high CD dose. Dieldrin pretreatment did not influence stomach [3H]DMBA equivalents or stomach tumor incidence but did cause an elevation in biliary and hepatic concentrations of [3H]DMBA equivalents. [3H]DMBA binding to liver DNA was significantly increased and hepatic tumor incidence was elevated by dieldrin pretreatment. Dieldrin treatment following DMBA initiation did not enhance hepatic or stomach tumor incidence. Ecoepidemiology studies, to date, have reported correlations between the co-occurrence of PAHs and OCs and elevated tumor incidence in feral fish, but cause-and-effect relationships have been difficult to establish. The results of the present study confirm that OCs, such as dieldrin and CD, play a role in modifying PAH-induced carcinogenesis in fish.

Topics: 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; Animals; Body Weight; Carcinogens; Chlordecone; Dieldrin; Diet; DNA; Drug Interactions; Insecticides; Liver; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Tissue Distribution

Chronic exposure to a number of chlorinated pesticides, including dieldrin, results in an increased incidence and/or multiplicity of hepatocellular neoplasia in mice, with no such effect in similarly treated rats. One possible explanation of this observed selective carcinogenicity is species-specific hepatic tumor promotion. In the present study we examined the dose-response effect of dieldrin (at several doses) on focal lesion growth (tumor promotion), hepatocyte apoptosis and DNA synthesis in rat and mouse liver. Preneoplastic focal hepatic lesions were produced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN). After the lesions developed, mice and rats were placed into one of the following dose groups: control (NIH-07 diet) or 0.1, 1.0 or 10.0 mg dieldrin/kg diet. Increased focal lesion volume, number of foci per liver and focal DNA synthetic labeling index were observed in 10 mg dieldrin/kg diet-treated mice, but not in similarly treated rats. Dieldrin at dietary concentrations of 0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg diet produced an increase in the number of preneoplastic lesions (0.1 mg/kg diet at 7 days only) and focal volume (0.1 mg/kg diet at 7 and 30 days, 1.0 mg/kg diet at 30 days), but these concentrations did not increase focal DNA labeling index. At dietary concentrations of 0.1, 1.0 and 10 mg dieldrin/kg diet no significant change in lesion percent volume, number of preneoplastic lesions per liver or preneoplastic lesion DNA labeling index was seen in treated rats compared with control rats. Apoptosis, a form of programed cell death, was not decreased in foci by any concentration of dieldrin in either rats or mice. Thus our results suggest that dieldrin may function as a mouse-specific tumor promoter through increased lesion DNA synthesis.

Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Body Weight; Carcinogens; Cell Division; Dieldrin; Diethylnitrosamine; DNA, Neoplasm; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Insecticides; Liver; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Organ Size; Precancerous Conditions; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Species Specificity

The effect of cessation of phenobarbital and dieldren treatment on hepatic focal lesion growth in male B6C3F1 mice was investigated. Following induction of lesions by diethylnitrosamine, mice were placed on control NIH-07 diet (control diet) or NIH-07 diet containing either dieldrin (10.0 mg/kg diet) or phenobarbital (500 mg/kg diet). Mice were sacrificed after 30 and 60 days of dietary treatment. Two additional groups of mice were fed either the dieldren- or phenobarbital-containing diet for 30 days followed by feeding of NIH-07-only diet for an additional 30 days. The effect of treatment and removal of dieldrin or phenobarbital on lesion growth was examined by measuring both the number of focal lesions per liver and the relative volume of focal lesions. In addition, the rate of cell proliferation and programmed cell death in focal lesion growth was investigated by examining DNA synthesis and apoptosis in the focal lesions. Dietary dieldrin or phenobarbital increased the number of focal lesions and the focal lesion volume. In both dieldrin- and phenobarbital-treated mice, an increased number of eosinophilic lesions were seen. The focal lesion volume was increased in both eosinophilic and basophilic lesions. Dieldrin and phenobarbital treatment also increased the DNA synthetic labeling index in both eosinophilic and basophilic lesions. Removal of dieldrin or phenobarbital from the diet after 30 days of promoter treatment decreased the total number and volume of hepatic focal lesions. The labeling index of the focal lesions was also decreased in these mice. At the terminal sacrifice, the percentage of apoptotic cells in focal lesions was higher in mice fed dieldrin- or phenobarbital-containing diets for the entire 60 days than in mice returned to control diet for the last 30 days. Eosinophilic lesions were more dependent on the presence of a promoting stimulus than the basophilic lesions. These data indicate that induction and maintenance of the growth of some preneoplastic lesions in the mouse may be dependent upon continuous tumor promoter treatment.

Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Body Weight; Carcinogens; Cell Division; Dieldrin; Diet; Diethylnitrosamine; Eosinophils; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Organ Size; Phenobarbital; Precancerous Conditions

Time- and dose-dependent alterations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) ligand binding and protein kinase activity were observed in hepatic plasma membranes of TCDD-treated rainbow trout. Trout were dosed by a single ip injection of TCDD in a corn oil vehicle. A single ip injection of TCDD (10 micrograms TCDD/kg body wt) caused a maximal reduction of EGF binding to hepatic plasma membranes by 10 days post-treatment and remained reduced until Day 40. EROD activity in the liver microsomes of TCDD-treated trout increased relative to that in untreated fish over the course of the study. Protein kinase C and tyrosine kinase activity as well as EGF-receptor phosphorylation was greater in livers of treated fish than in those of control fish within 5 days but returned to control levels by 40 days postinjection. In a dose-response study, EGF binding was reduced in a dose-dependent manner with an ED50 of 0.17 micrograms TCDD/kg wet wt while EROD activity was induced with an ED50 of 0.79 micrograms TCDD/kg. The reduction in EGF binding was correlated to an increase in EROD activity, protein kinase C activity, and tyrosine kinase activity but was negatively correlated to EGF-receptor phosphorylation. Of the parameters examined in both the time-course and dose studies, protein kinase C was the best predictor of the reduction of EGF binding to hepatic plasma membranes of rainbow trout. The results from this study are consistent with the hypothesis that the mode of action of TCDD on the EGF receptor is in part mediated through the protein kinase C activity. It also suggests that the toxic mode of action of TCDD is similar in rainbow trout and mammals.

Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Body Weight; Cell Membrane; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; DDT; Dieldrin; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Epidermal Growth Factor; ErbB Receptors; Liver; Organ Size; Oxidoreductases; Phosphorylation; Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; Protein Kinase C; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; Radioligand Assay; Trout

The effect of several factors in relation to the quantities of dieldrin accumulated in different organs of broilers was studied. Feedstuff was contaminated at doses of 60, 90, 120, 200 and 240 ppm. With the doses used, the results show an accumulation summit over which the amounts accumulated are not affected by greater quantities of dieldrin ingested. The accumulation of dieldrin in the female is greater than in the male and the weight of the animal does not significantly affect the response.

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Chickens; Dieldrin; Diet; Female; Kidney; Kinetics; Liver; Lung; Male; Muscles; Myocardium; Sex Factors; Tissue Distribution

Topics: Animals; Blood Chemical Analysis; Body Weight; Dieldrin; Liver; Liver Function Tests; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Time Factors

The presence of organochlorated pesticides in foods intended for animal and human consumption is on one hand a real fact and on the other hand, it is known that they could alter some enzymes activities and, consequently, modify, at a larger or lesser extent, the metabolic pathways where they are implicated. According to this, it seemed interesting to study the influence of one of such molecules, dieldrin, on nutrients utilization. The work was carried out on adult quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) of both sexes; 20 ppm, were mixed in their diets, during a period of 48 days. Dieldrin does not affect food intake in both sexes, but produces a significant weight decrease in the males. Nutritive utilization of protein, judged by digestibility coefficient and nitrogen balance do not suffered any alterations. Furthermore, dieldrin does not affect carbohydrate utilization (nitrogen free extract) and raw fiber. On the contary, fat digestibility decreased in pesticide treated males and was not altered in females and this effect dependend upon the exposition time to the contaminant.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Body Weight; Coturnix; Dieldrin; Dietary Fats; Dietary Fiber; Dietary Proteins; Digestion; Female; Male; Nitrogen; Quail; Sex Factors; Time Factors

The spontaneous hepatocellular neoplasms of C3H (MTV-ve) male mice were compared with the hepatic tumors induced in these animals by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and dieldrin. No morphologic differences could be detected by light or electron microscopy between the spontaneous and induced lesions. However, the animals given diethylnitrosamine or dieldrin developed the lesions earlier, in greater numbers and of larger size. The earliest change was the development of foci composed of clear cells. Later nodules appeared which were composed of clear or basophilic cells. These lesions were followed by and presumably progressed to nodules of trabecular hepatocellular carcinomas. It is postulated that in this series, the first morphological step in the neoplastic transformation is the appearance of unusually clear hepatocytes. Ultrastructurally, the clear cells had increased glycogen and lipid droplets and a decrease in smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The basophilic cells seen later resembled the clear cells except for having a greatly increased rough endoplasmic reticulum. Trabecular hepatocellular carcinomas differed from benign nodules in the greater secretory activity of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, in the development of basement membranes at the vascular pole and of microvilli along the lateral cell membranes. The stepwise progression of normal hepatocytes to hepatocellular carcinoma is discussed on the basis of these sequential light microscopic and ultrastructural observations.

Topics: Aging; Animals; Body Weight; Dieldrin; Diethylnitrosamine; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Neoplasms, Experimental; Nitrosamines; Organ Size; Rodent Diseases

Two experiments of 20 and 40 weeks duration were conducted to determine the effects of feeding dieldrin or PCB (Aroclor 1254) on the reproductive performance of adult White Leghorn males. Dieldrin at the levels used (0, 25, and 50 ppm) produced no significant changes in semen volume, semen concentration, fertility, and hatchability of fertile eggs. Mortality increased with increased levels of dieldrin and appeared related to duration of exposure to the pesticide. A significant reduction (P less than .05) in feed consumption was observed at the 25 ppm level. No significant differences in body weights were observed except shortly before death when marked reductions in both feed consumption and body weight were noted. PCB at the levels used (0, 10, 20, and 40 ppm) produced no differences in fertiluty, hatchability of fertile eggs, body weights, feed consumption, or mortality. However, over a period of 40 weeks, PCB significantly (P less than .05) reduced semen volume, semen concentrations, and testes weights,

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Body Weight; Chickens; Dieldrin; Eggs; Fertility; Male; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Reproduction; Semen

Brains of juvenile gray bats, Myotis grisescens, found dead beneath maternity roosts in two Missouri caves contained lethal concentrations of dieldrin. One colony appeared to be abnormally small, and more dead bats were found a year after the juvenile bats had been collected. This is the first report to link the field mortality of bats directly to insecticide residues acquired through the food chain.

Topics: Aldrin; Animals; Body Weight; Brain Chemistry; Chiroptera; Dieldrin; Environmental Exposure; Female; Lactation; Male; Missouri; Pesticide Residues; Pregnancy

A toxicity Evaluation of DDT and dieldrin was conducted using Japanese Quail. The effects of feeding DDT (5 and 50 ppm of diet) and dieldrin (0.1 and 1.0 ppm of diet) in this four generation study (parental, F1, F2 and F3) were examined in terms of growth, viability, and/or reproduction of offspring. Ten groups (including controls and replicates of groups) contained 21 birds/group for the parental generation, and 21-35 chicks for each respective generation study. At 50 ppm DDT, a marginal decrease in egg hatch-ability of F2 generation was evidenced; the decrease appeared related to a slight decrease in fertility rather than egg production or hatchability of fertile eggs. Data accumulated from all other experimental groups were within the expected range and were comparable to control data.

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Coturnix; DDT; Dieldrin; Diet; Feeding Behavior; Humans; Quail; Reproduction; Time Factors

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; DDT; Dieldrin; Diet; Endrin; Female; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Pesticide Residues; Shrews; Time Factors

Gas chromatography has been applied for the analysis of organochlorine compounds of 49 samples of human milk. The average total DDT (2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)1,1,1-trichloroethane) content in human milk was found to be 0.058 mg/kg (1.57 mg/kg milk fat, with a range of 0.54-4.00 mg/kg). Thirty-four cases contained traces of dieldrin, but the content of dieldrin reached 0.008 mg/kg in only one milk sample. The average content of PCB (polychlorinated biphenyls) was 0.024 mg/kg of human milk, with a range of 0.011-0.054 mg/kg (0.65 mg/kg of milk fat with a range of 0.33-1.10 mg/kg). The ratio of DDT metabolites/DDT varied from 1.1 to 7.8 (mean 2.8). Studies were also made of the effect of the weight, weight loss, diet, smoking habits and parity of the nursing mother upon the content of organochlorine compounds in human milk. A significant positive correlation was observed between the DDT content of human milk fat and cigarette smoking. The average daily intake of total DDT for Finnish breastfed babies was calculated to be 0.0093 mg/kg, 1.9 times more than the daily intake of 0.005 mg/kg indicated by FAO/WHO as the acceptable value.

Topics: Adult; Body Weight; Chromatography, Gas; DDT; Dieldrin; Feeding Behavior; Female; Food Contamination; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Lipids; Milk, Human; Parity; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Smoking; World Health Organization

The administration of dieldrin (30 mg/kg body weight) caused an increase in the liver weight of rats. The metabolism of aflatoxins B1 and G1 by the microsomes obtained from the liver of dieldrin-treated animals was enhanced significantly as compared to the controls showing that dieldrin increased the activity of mixed function hydroxylases. Dieldrin caused an increase in the activity of liver microsomal NADPH oxidase and a decrease in the lipid peroxidation. Dieldrin brought about an increase in the phosphatidylcholine content of rat liver.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Aflatoxins; Animals; Body Weight; Dieldrin; Enzyme Induction; Male; Microsomes, Liver; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Oxidoreductases; Phospholipids; Rats

In a study of dieldrin toxicity to breeding and nonbreeding bob-white quail (Colinus virginianus), breeding birds of both sexes on long photoperiods were more susceptible to dieldrin poisoning than nonbreeding birds, although some differences were not statistically significant at the .10 level. Shortened photoperiods caused gonadal regression, weight loss, and additional mortalities among dieldrin-treated birds previously in breeding condition. Dieldrin did not influence food consumption, body weight, or egg production until about a week or less before death of individual birds. Dieldrin brain residues were higher among birds that died during the study than among survivors sacrificed at its termination. Among those that died, neither dieldrin treatment level, reproductive status, nor sex seemed related to brain residue levels. Nevertheless, within those factors, levels were slightly higher in the birds that died later in the test.

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Brain Chemistry; Colinus; Dieldrin; Feeding Behavior; Female; Light; Male; Quail; Reproduction; Sex Factors; Time Factors

Seven squirrel monkeys were systematically exposed to dieldrin (C12H10DC16) at two oral doses: 0.10 and 0.01 mg/kg-day. Two zero-dose controls were included. After 55 days of exposure dose assignments were shifted and continued for an additional 54 days. The higher dose group was shifted to zero exposure and lower dose group was shifted to high-dose exposure. Controls continued at zero exposure. The monkeys were presented with a visual nonspatial successive discrimination reversal task. During the first 55 days (preshift), control and low-dose monkeys learned the task; high-dose monkeys did not (p less than 0.001). During the subsequent 54 days (postshift), all groups performances remained at the approximate level achieved at the end of the preshift period. It was concluded that the high dose disrupted learning acquisition. This effect is speculated to be attributed to disruption of hippocampal activity. The low dose had no effect on task acquisition or maintenance.

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Dieldrin; Discrimination Learning; Discrimination, Psychological; Haplorhini; Male; Saimiri; Time Factors

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of dieldrin and calcium on reproductive performance of quail. At 25% egg production the quail received diets containing 0,10 or 25 p.p.m. of dieldrin for 6, 28-day periods in experiment 1 and 0, 5, or 25 p.p.m. of dieldrin for 4, 28-day periods in experiment 2. Pesticide treatments were employed with diets containing 0.5% and 3.0% calcium. The results show that egg shell thickness, cracked eggs, egg production, feed consumption, egg weights, fertility, hatchability and body weights were not affected by dieldrin treatments. However, egg shell thickness, cracked eggs, egg production and hatchability were adversely affected by the lower calcium level. Female body weights were consistently heavier for the low calcium diet. Mortality increased in the presence of 10 and especially 25 p.p.m. of dieldrin. Livability of chicks from hens receiving rations with 10 and 25 p.p.m. of dieldrin was significantly lower than those fed no dieldrin. In summary, dieldrin was without effect on egg shell quality or other reproductive factors but did exert a detrimental effect on adult mortality and livability of progeny.

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Calcium; Calcium, Dietary; Coturnix; Dieldrin; Egg Shell; Eggs; Female; Fertility; Incubators; Male; Poultry Diseases; Quail

White rock chicks were fed a commercial crumbles ration with approximately 1.0 p.p.m. of the active ingreient of technical grade dieldrin added to it. The treated feed was replaced by uncontaminated feed at various times from two to eight weeks of age. Equations were computed to describe the accumulation and depletion of the insecticide in visceral adipose tissue. Accumulations in females were described by polynomial equations with significant quadratic coefficients which indicated that the rate of accumulation leveled off between six and eight weeks. Accumulation rates in males were essentially linear through ten weeks. After removal of dieldrin from the feed, insecticide depletion from fat could be described in both sexes by equations for power curves. Replacement of contaminated feed with uncontaminated feed by two or three weeks of age resulted in concentrations at control or background levels by eight weeks of age. Replacement of contaminated feed with non-contaminated feed at ages later than three weeks did not bring concentrations below those acceptable as non-hazardous for human consumption.

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Body Weight; Chickens; Dieldrin; Female; Male; Sex Factors

Those organochlorine pesticides which possess both high lipoid solubility and high resistance to biodegradation are prone to accumulation in animal tissues and produce relatively long-term effects as toxicants. Such compounds, typified by DDT, Dieldrin, and Lindane, are profound inducers of hepatic microsomal enzymes, including parts of the glucuronic acid and ascorbic acid biosynthetic pathways. Consequently, administering such pesticides to rats in accompanied by enhanced formation and excretion of D-glucuronic acid and L-ascorbic acid, or D-glucaric acid in the case of guinea pigs. Secondarily, the efficiency in biodegrading the pesticides is reduced in ascorbic-acid-deficient guinea pigs with correspondingly greater residue accumulation in tissue. This would aggravate chronic toxic effects of the compounds. Finally, the capacity of the liver to adapt to the presence of such toxicants through enhanced microsomal enzymatic levels appears to be sensitive to its ascorbate status. Impaired enzyme induction is apparent quite early during ascorbic acid depletion in guinea pigs. The enhanced turnover of ascorbate produced by such pesticides, the poor enzymatic adaptation to them during ascorbate depletion and the dependency of the oxidase system upon adequate ascorbate, all point to the central significance of ascorbate status in the liver, and possibly other tissues, as a determinant of their chronic toxicity.

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Body Weight; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; DDT; Dieldrin; Enzyme Induction; Female; Glucuronates; Guinea Pigs; Hexachlorocyclohexane; Insecticides; Liver; Liver Glycogen; Rats

A case of dieldrin poisoning is reported. This case exemplifies the factor of weight loss and speculates on possible treatment.

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Body Weight; Dieldrin; Humans; Male; Occupational Diseases

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Body Weight; Bone and Bones; Dieldrin; Female; Fetus; Gestational Age; Liver; Mice; Organ Size; Photochemistry; Pregnancy; Rats

Topics: Animals; Bivalvia; Body Weight; Brachyura; Dieldrin; Ecology; Pesticide Residues; Seawater; Texas

The effect of a single oral dose of dieldrin (30 mg/kg body weight) on lipid metabolism in rats was studied. Liver lipids content increased and this increase was mainly in the triglyceride fraction. The incorporation of acetate-14C into fatty acids was decreased indicating an inhibition of lipogenesis. Fatty acid oxidation was increased. Palmitate-14C incorporation into the triglyceride fraction was enhanced pointing to an overall increased utilization of fatty acids.

Topics: Acetates; Administration, Oral; Animals; Body Weight; Depression, Chemical; Dieldrin; Fatty Acids; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Male; Organ Size; Palmitates; Palmitic Acids; Rats; Stimulation, Chemical; Triglycerides

The in vivo effect of a single oral dose (30mg/kg body weight) of dieldrin on proteolipid and phosphatidopeptide content of liver and brain and on total protein of liver, brain, plasma, muscle and kidney of rat was studied. Incorporation of (14C)leucine into total protein of liver was increased whereas labelling of total protein of muscle was decreased. Labelling of total protein of other tissues was unchanged. Incorporation into liver phosphatidopeptides was increased and this was consistent with an involvement of group. Proteolipid protein content of brain was increased and that of liver unchanged. There was, however, no change in the labelling of brain or liver proteolipids.

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Brain Chemistry; Dieldrin; Kidney; Leucine; Lipoproteins; Liver; Male; Muscles; Organ Size; Phosphopeptides; Proteins; Rats

Topics: Aldrin; Animal Feed; Animals; Birds; Body Weight; Brain Chemistry; Dieldrin; Female; Lipid Metabolism; Muscles; Pesticide Residues; Stress, Physiological; Time Factors

Milk samples from 22 nursing mothers in the metropolitan area of Perth, Western Australia, have shown the presence of DDT, DDE, dieldrin, and HCB in amounts consistent with similar surveys in other countries. Although mean values tend to be slightly lower than expected, their wide range, 0.002-0.025 ppm for DDT, suggests that a much larger sample should be examined to obtain a more accurate mean. This view is supported by values obtained in another survey of the same area.

Topics: Australia; Body Weight; DDT; Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; Dieldrin; Female; Hexachlorobenzene; Humans; Insecticides; Lactation; Lipids; Milk, Human; Pesticide Residues; Pregnancy

Seven-Generation Study (P-F6): The concentration and total retention of dieldrin or p,p'-DDT and metabolites were determined in the total carcass of Swiss-Webster mice fed dietary supplements of aldrin 5 or 10 ppm, or DDT 100 ppm, to age 260 days. All groups showed a significant increase in total body retention (and concentration) of dieldrin or total DDT in the total carcass of the F1, F2, and F3 generations. Generally, these increases were related directly to increases in total body lipids, when compared with the P generations. The control (pesticide-free) diet was fed to all F4 generation experimental mice from weaning to age 260. The pesticides absorbed by these animals while in utero and via lactation were found, at the time of sacrifice, to have been excreted completely. When the experimental diets were resumed with the weanlings of the F2 generations, a repetition of the general findings in the P and F1 generations was noted-demonstrating that pesticide retention and total body lipids are closely interrelated, and that a high body lipid content favors a high retention rate of these fat-soluble pesticides. These results support our earlier studies in rats (Deichmann et al., 1972) and investigations with cirrhotic human livers with severe fatty infiltration (Oloffs et al., 1974). Conception became more delayed with each succeeding generation, requiring some degree of "selective" breeding of the F4, F5, and F6 generations.

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Aldrin; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Body Weight; DDT; Dieldrin; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Lipid Metabolism; Male; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Mice; Milk; Pregnancy

Topics: Aflatoxins; Animals; Body Weight; Brain; Dieldrin; Diet; Feeding Behavior; Female; Hexachlorophene; Male; Mycotoxins; Neurologic Manifestations; Paralysis; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Time Factors

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Body Weight; Calcium; DDT; Dieldrin; Diet; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ducks; Egg Shell; Female

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Chromatography, Gas; DDT; Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane; Dieldrin; Fats; Fishes; Hexachlorocyclohexane; Liver; Norway; Pesticide Residues; Time Factors

Topics: Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Body Weight; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Carbon Isotopes; Dieldrin; DNA; Fructose-Bisphosphatase; Gluconeogenesis; Glucose; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; Glycogen Synthase; Leucine; Liver; Liver Glycogen; Male; Organ Size; Phosphorylases; Protein Biosynthesis; Proteins; Rats; RNA; Time Factors

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Body Weight; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; DDT; Dieldrin; Female; Hepatomegaly; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Mice; Mortality; Neoplasm Metastasis; p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene; Sarcoma; Sterilization; Time Factors

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Bone Development; Calcium; Chickens; Dieldrin; Diet; Spectrophotometry, Atomic; Tibia

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Aminopyrine N-Demethylase; Animals; Body Weight; Dieldrin; Inositol; Male; Microsomes, Liver; Phenobarbital; Phenytoin; Rats; Time Factors

Topics: Acetates; Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Appetitive Behavior; Body Weight; Chlormadinone Acetate; Colorimetry; Dieldrin; Dogs; Male; Prostate; Time Factors

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Body Weight; Dieldrin; Ducks; Eggs; Female; Fertility; Parathion

Topics: Animals; Biotin; Body Weight; Dieldrin; Ducks; Fatty Acids; Lipids; Liver; Organ Size; Poultry Diseases; Vitamin A; Vitamin A Deficiency

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Body Weight; Calcium; Chickens; DDT; Dieldrin; Egg Shell; Eggs; Female; Time Factors

Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Body Weight; DDT; Dieldrin; Drug Interactions; Female; Liver; Male; Organ Size; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sex Factors; Starvation

Topics: Animals; Body Composition; Body Weight; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Dieldrin; Diet; DNA; Growth; Lipids; Liver; Male; Organ Size; Proteins; Rats; RNA; Time Factors

Topics: Aniline Compounds; Animals; Body Weight; Cytochromes; Dieldrin; Female; Food Contamination; Growth; Isomerism; Liver; Male; Microsomes, Liver; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Photolysis; Rats; Sex Factors; Spectrophotometry; Time Factors

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animal Feed; Animals; Body Weight; Cattle; DDT; Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane; Dieldrin; Ethylenes; Fruit; Hydrocarbons, Halogenated; Insecticides; Male; Medicago sativa; Silage; Time Factors

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animal Feed; Animals; Body Weight; Carbon; Cattle; DDT; Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane; Dieldrin; Ethylenes; Fruit; Hydrocarbons, Halogenated; Insecticides; Male

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Dieldrin; Female; Hydrocarbons, Halogenated; Insecticides; Kidney; Liver; Longevity; Lung; Male; Naphthalenes; Neoplasms; Rats; Time Factors

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Body Weight; Chromatography, Gas; Chromatography, Thin Layer; DDT; Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane; Dieldrin; Fishes; Hydrocarbons, Halogenated; Insecticides; Oils; Species Specificity

Topics: Animals; Body Composition; Body Weight; Dieldrin; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Fats; Growth; Hemoglobinometry; Lipids; Liver; Proteins; Sheep; Vitamin A

Topics: Animals; Barbiturates; Body Composition; Body Height; Body Weight; Dieldrin; Diet Therapy; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dogs; Feeding Behavior; Female; Lipids; Male; Obesity; Spasm

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Body Weight; Cattle; Dairying; Dieldrin; Feces; Female; Gestational Age; Lactation; Milk; Pregnancy

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Body Weight; Dieldrin; Dogs; Methods; Muscles; Spasm; Time Factors

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Blood Cell Count; Blood Chemical Analysis; Blood Proteins; Body Weight; Brain Chemistry; Dieldrin; Diet; Dogs; Female; Liver; Male; Organ Size; Rats; Seizures; Sex Factors

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Brain; Dehydration; Dieldrin; Dietary Proteins; Kidney; Liver; Male; Necrosis; Pesticides; Protein Deficiency; Rats; Regional Blood Flow; Seizures; Stress, Physiological

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Anesthesia, General; Biopsy; Body Composition; Body Weight; Dieldrin; Female; Humans; Male; Naphthalenes; Starvation; Stress, Physiological

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenal Glands; Animals; Body Weight; Carbon Isotopes; DDT; Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane; Dieldrin; Insecticides; Male; Organ Size; Pregnenolone; Rats; Steroids

Topics: Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Body Weight; Dieldrin; Drug Synergism; Female; Growth; Male; Rats; Thiamine; Thiamine Deficiency

Topics: Animals; Birds; Body Weight; Brain Chemistry; Chromatography, Gas; Dieldrin; Female; Liver; Male

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Dieldrin; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Fats; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Humans; Immobilization; Kidney; Liver; Piperazines; Seizures

Topics: Body Weight; Carotenoids; Dieldrin; Liver; Metabolism; Pharmacology; Rats; Research; Toxicology; Vitamin A