dicumarol and Hemorrhagic-Disorders

A 4-year-old Holstein cow from a farm where 2 cows had recently died suddenly was referred for evaluation of acute severe colic. Right flank laparotomy revealed a large mesenteric hematoma. Within 14 layer chromatographic analyses of the moldy hay and blood from the necropsied cow and the hospitalized cow were positive for dicumarol. A diagnosis of sweet vernal poisoning was confirmed on the basis of clinical and toxicologic findings. The cow was treated with supportive therapy, blood transfusions, and vitamin K1 and recovered without complications. Because sweet vernal grass is becoming common in certain areas and the use of round bales is commonplace, practitioners should be aware of the potential for this toxicosis.

Topics: Abdomen; Animals; Anticoagulants; Blood Gas Analysis; Blood Transfusion; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Colic; Diagnosis, Differential; Dicumarol; Female; Fluid Therapy; Hematoma; Hemophilia B; Hemorrhagic Disorders; Partial Thromboplastin Time; Plant Poisoning; Poaceae; Pregnancy; Prothrombin Time; Ultrasonography; Vitamin K

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Dicumarol; Female; Hemorrhagic Disorders

An outbreak of a haemorrhagic diathesis in cattle fed home produced hay is described. A similar syndrome was reproduced experimentally in calves by feeding them the hay. The experimental disease was characterised by increased prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times while the leucocyte and erythrocyte counts remained normal until the terminal haemorrhage. The calves ate well and grew well until the rapid onset of progressive weakness, stiff gait, mucosal pallor, tachycardia, tachypnoea and haematomata ending in sudden death. The absence of blood coagulation was seen at necropsy while petechial, ecchymotic and free haemorrhages were found in most organs. Particularly striking were massive ecchymotic haemorrhages on the peritoneal surface of the rumen, a bloody, gelatinous mass enveloping each kidney and extensive bruising, haemorrhage and haematomata in the subcutis of the limbs. In a second feeding trial the effects of various preparations of vitamin K1 and vitamin K3 were investigated. Oral administration of large quantities of vitamin K1 reduced the elevated prothrombin time; vitamin K3 acted less consistently. Analysis of the hay for trichothecene mycotoxins was negative but floral analysis revealed that sweet vernal grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum) comprised about 80 per cent of the hay. Dicoumarol was detected in the hay and in the serum and ruminal contents of the experimental calves. The diagnosis, treatment, control and importance of this syndrome in the United Kingdom are discussed.

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Dicumarol; Disease Outbreaks; Female; Hemorrhagic Disorders; Plant Poisoning; Prothrombin Time; Syndrome; United Kingdom; Vitamin K

Topics: Animals; Anticoagulants; Dicumarol; Female; Hemorrhagic Disorders; Horse Diseases; Horses; Lameness, Animal; Male

Topics: Animals; Blood Coagulation; Blood Coagulation Tests; Dicumarol; Female; Fibrinogen; Hemorrhagic Disorders; Iodine Radioisotopes; Male; Prothrombin; Prothrombin Time; Rabbits; Time Factors

Topics: Adrenochrome; Aminocaproates; Animals; Antifibrinolytic Agents; Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Dicumarol; Ethylamines; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Hemorrhagic Disorders; Hemostatics; Hydroquinones; Male; Phenols; Rats; Semicarbazones; Sulfonic Acids; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 1

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Blood Coagulation Tests; Dicumarol; Factor IX; Factor VII; Factor X; Factor XI; Female; Hemorrhagic Disorders; Humans; Malingering; Middle Aged; Substance-Related Disorders; Thromboplastin

Topics: Aspirin; Child, Preschool; Dicumarol; Hemorrhagic Disorders; Humans; Infant; Male; Prothrombin

Coagulation studies were carried out on 10 patients who bled during anticoagulant therapy, in whom no other underlying cause for bleeding could be demonstrated, and 10 patients with similar degrees of hypoprothrombinemia who were not bleeding. The average age and sex distribution of the two groups was similar, and no association was noted between the occurrence of hemorrhage and the type of anticoagulant used, the duration of treatment or the nature of the underlying disease. Comparison of the results revealed no differences in the levels of factors II, VII, IX and X or in the glass and silicone (Siliclad) clotting time, the thromboplastin generation test and Thrombotest. It was concluded that all patients on anticoagulant drugs whose prothrombin time is in the therapeutic range or longer are potential bleeders and that one cannot necessarily predict those who will bleed on the basis of coagulation studies.

Topics: Acenocoumarol; Anticoagulants; Blood Coagulation Tests; Coumarins; Dicumarol; Drug Therapy; Geriatrics; Hemorrhagic Disorders; Humans; Hypoprothrombinemias; Indans; Phenindione; Prothrombin Time; Warfarin

Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anticoagulants; Antipyretics; Atrial Fibrillation; Blood Coagulation Tests; Dicumarol; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy; Geriatrics; Hemorrhagic Disorders; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Myocardial Infarction; Phenindione; Pyridines; Toxicology; Warfarin

Topics: Aminocaproates; Aminocaproic Acid; Aprotinin; Blood Coagulation; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Blood Platelets; Deoxyribonuclease I; Dicumarol; Enzyme Inhibitors; Fibrinolysin; Fibrinolysis; Hemorrhagic Disorders; Heparin; Humans; Kallikreins; Physiology; Plasminogen; Prothrombin; Purpura; Streptodornase and Streptokinase; Streptokinase; Thrombin; Trypsin; Vitamin K; Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome

Topics: Blood Platelet Disorders; Dicumarol; Drug Therapy; Factor V Deficiency; Factor VII Deficiency; Factor VIII; Factor XII; Hemophilia A; Hemophilia B; Hemorrhagic Disorders; Heparin; Humans; Hypoprothrombinemias; Prothrombin; Prothrombin Time; Serum Globulins; Thrombocytopenia; Thromboplastin

Topics: Dicumarol; Hemorrhagic Disorders; Humans

Topics: Abruptio Placentae; Accidents; Anticoagulants; Dicumarol; Female; Hemorrhagic Disorders; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Mothers; Pregnancy; Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding

Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Anticoagulants; Antidotes; Coumarins; Dicumarol; Hemorrhagic Disorders; Hypoprothrombinemias; Prothrombin; Vitamin K 1

Topics: Antifibrinolytic Agents; Coumarins; Dicumarol; Hemorrhagic Disorders; Heparin Antagonists; Hypoprothrombinemias; Naphthoquinones; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 1; Vitamin K 3

Topics: Animals; Dicumarol; Dogs; Hemorrhagic Disorders; Hypoprothrombinemias; Rats; Salicylates; Salicylic Acid

Topics: Anticoagulants; Dicumarol; Disease Susceptibility; Hematologic Diseases; Hemophilia A; Hemorrhagic Disorders; Heparin; Humans; Liver Diseases; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic; Syndrome; Thrombophlebitis

Topics: Dicumarol; Disease Susceptibility; Hemorrhagic Disorders; Humans

Topics: Anticoagulants; Dicumarol; Disease Susceptibility; Female; General Surgery; Hemorrhagic Disorders; Humans; Preoperative Care; Thrombosis; Venous Thrombosis