diclazuril and Cryptosporidiosis

Three battery tests were conducted to study the anticryptosporidial efficacy of the 2 commercially available anticoccidial triazinone derivates, diclazuril and toltrazuril, and a garlic extract. At the recommended level, diclazuril reduced the oocyst output of birds by 14.6%. The efficacy of toltrazuril was 52.1% at the recommended level, which could be moderately increased using 5 or 10 times the recommended dose. However, these doses resulted in significant weight gain reduction. The efficacy of garlic extract was 24.4%. It is concluded that none of the drugs can be recommended for chemoprophylaxis or therapy of cryptosporidiosis in chickens.

Topics: Animals; Chickens; Coccidiostats; Cryptosporidiosis; Feces; Garlic; Male; Nitriles; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Poultry Diseases; Triazines; Weight Gain

Provision of nourishment to terminally ill patients has been a controversial topic in clinical medicine. Determination of the limits of palliative care requires an understanding of the disease process, as well as the boundaries of patient self-determination. With the advent of living wills, the determination of the patient to limit care, including nutrition support, has become socially acceptable. Difficulties arise when there are differences of opinion between the caregiver and the patient. The solutions to these conflicts are often decided in the courtroom, as demonstrated by the Cruzan and Quinlan cases. Living wills are often written to prevent unnecessary financial burdens in hopeless situations. As well, financial considerations influence the decisions made by caregivers in providing care to terminally ill patients. The following case report illustrates the conflict between patient self-determination and limitation of care for financial reasons. The use of substituted judgment within the Canadian health care system and the role of team meetings to resolve ethical decisions are discussed.

Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Canada; Cryptosporidiosis; Diarrhea; Drugs, Investigational; Ethics, Medical; Health Care Rationing; Humans; Male; Nitriles; Parenteral Nutrition, Total; Refusal to Treat; Spiramycin; Treatment Failure; Triazines

Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Coccidiostats; Cryptosporidiosis; Humans; Nitriles; Opportunistic Infections; Triazines

Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Coccidiostats; Cryptosporidiosis; Diarrhea; Humans; Nitriles; Opportunistic Infections; Triazines