dibekacin and Respiratory-Tract-Infections

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amikacin; Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dibekacin; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Kanamycin; Male; Middle Aged; Respiratory Tract Infections

Advances and limitations in the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory tract infections were discussed in relation to the prognosis of the elderly patients. Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae are the major pathogens in the community-acquired respiratory tract infections. On the other hand, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the major pathogens in the nosocomial respiratory tract infections. Detection of MRSA-PBP genes and antibiotic sensitivity tests are important for the diagnosis of MRSA. Vancomycin or arbekacin is the first-choice antibiotic for the treatment of severe infection caused by MRSA, and a combination therapy using one of the above agents and a partner antibiotic is necessary in some cases of MRSA infections. Reports concerning the significance of anaerobic bacteria in respiratory tract infections in Japan have been rare, presumably because procedures to recover anaerobic bacteria from specimens other than sputum, for example transtrancheal aspiration (TTA), bronchoscopic procedure and transcutaneous lung biopsy, are required for the diagnosis of the anaerobic respiratory tract infections. Nowadays, identification of cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a prerequisit for the rapid diagnosis of CMV infection. Therefore attempts are being made to detect a specific substance, for example messenger RNA during the stage of reactivation of CMV. Prophylaxis as well as treatment is necessary for the control of acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory tract infections. In this regard, long-term administration of a small dose of erythromycin or new-quinolone is promising.

Topics: Aged; Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cross Infection; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Dibekacin; Erythromycin; Humans; Methicillin Resistance; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Quinolones; Respiratory Tract Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Vancomycin

Topics: Dibekacin; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Synergism; Ear, Inner; Enterobacteriaceae; Humans; Kanamycin; Kidney; Lactams; Mouth Diseases; Respiratory Tract Infections; Urinary Tract Infections

The study of the bronchial concentration of dibekacin has shown a different degree of activity than that of gentamicin. This activity resembles that of amikacin with a three hour time lag from the appearance of the bronchial peak in relationship to the serum peak. In addition there seems to be a special passage mechanism for the antibiotic from the blood into the bronchial secretions since we observed an increase in the mucus/serum ratio through time.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Bronchi; Dibekacin; Humans; Kanamycin; Kinetics; Middle Aged; Mucus; Respiratory Tract Infections

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dibekacin; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Kanamycin; Male; Middle Aged; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sputum

Dibekacin was used for the treatment of 5 patients with bacterial respiratory tract infections (4 cases of Ps. aeruginosa and 1 case of S. marcescens) intravenously. Serum levels of DKB was observed by the method of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and bioassay and no differentiation was observed between EIA and bioassay. Four cases of Ps. aeruginosa and 1 case of S. marcescens were all disappeared in 5 or 7 days of administration. No side effects were observed. The results obtained in this study indicate that DKB intravenous challenge might become one of the important method on respiratory tract infections.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dibekacin; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Kanamycin; Male; Middle Aged; Pseudomonas Infections; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sputum