dibekacin and Labyrinth-Diseases

A controlled trial comparing the effects of dibekacin and gentamicin in 30 patients has enabled us to standardise the most commonly used vestibulocochlear tests. None of the patients treated with dibekacin showed any auditory disturbance. The only abnormality detected was on vocal audiometry in 7 patients treated with gentamicin. Could vocal audiometry be the first paraclinical test capable of detecting aminoglycoside ototoxicity?

Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Cochlea; Dibekacin; Gentamicins; Humans; Kanamycin; Labyrinth Diseases; Vestibule, Labyrinth

The protective effect of fosfomycin against aminoglycoside (dibekacin)-induced ototoxicity was studied in rats. Rats were injected with 100 or 50 mg/kg of dibekacin with or without 500 mg/kg of fosfomycin for 60 or 120 consecutive days. Inner ear damage appeared to be more reduced histopathologically in animals given both dibekacin and fosfomycin than in animals given dibekacin alone. Similarly, renal damage appeared to be reduced histopathologically and functionally by the combined administration of dibekacin and fosfomycin. The mechanism of reduced ototoxicity may be as follows: fosfomycin inhibits the accumulation of dibekacin in the kidney, and reduces its concentration in the kidney and serum. Consequently, the amounts of dibekacin reaching the inner ear are decreased, and ototoxicity is reduced.

Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Aminoglycosides; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Cochlea; Dibekacin; Fosfomycin; Hair Cells, Auditory; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Labyrinth Diseases; Perilymph; Proteinuria; Rats

The ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity of netilmicin were compared with those of dibekacin, kanamycin and amikacin using rabbits. Groups of 5 rabbits each were given doses of 50 or 100 mg/kg of either one of the four drugs for 30 days, and 10 days after the last injection, all animals were prepared for histopathological studies. Results show the least ototoxicity of netilmicin in comparison to the other three antibiotics. It has been concluded that the low ototoxicity of netilmicin is due not to its lack of accumulation in the perilymph but to its low toxicity to the hair cells.

Topics: Amikacin; Aminoglycosides; Animals; Dibekacin; Gentamicins; Hair Cells, Auditory; Kanamycin; Kidney; Labyrinth Diseases; Nerve Degeneration; Netilmicin; Rabbits

In order to comparatively examine damage to vestibular and auditory organs, aminoglycoside antibiotics, panimycin (DKB) and gentamicin (GM), were intramuscularly injected to cynomolgus monkeys in an identical daily dose regimen (25 and 50 mg/kg) for a 35-day period. No damage to these organs was found in the DKB 25 mg/kg group, but slight vacuole formation was found in 33% of the cristae ampullares in the DKB 50 mg/kg group. In the GM 25 mg/kg and GM 50 mg/kg groups, similar vacuole formations, as well as sensory hair cell loss even at the basal end of the cochlea were found. Compared to the DKB groups, the GM groups exhibited greater damage to the vestibular and auditory organs, and even fatal effects. The ototoxicity of GM seemed to be stronger in cynomolgus monkeys than in guinea pigs.

Topics: Acoustic Maculae; Aminoglycosides; Animals; Body Weight; Dibekacin; Female; Gentamicins; Kanamycin; Labyrinth Diseases; Macaca fascicularis; Organ of Corti; Reflex; Saccule and Utricle

The cochleo- and vestibulotoxicity of dibekacin and netilmicin were compared in a guinea pig model. Both aminoglycosides were administered subcutaneously for 21 days at the dose level of 150 mg/kg/day. Control animals were injected with saline. Dibekacin-treated animals showed a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in the thresholds of the Preyer pinna reflex and the VIIIth nerve compound action potential in response to sound click stimulation. Moreover, a deterioration of the electrophysiologic auditory response and an almost complete suppression of the post-rotatory nystagmus were detected. In contrast, netilmicin did not induce any significant change in auditory and vestibular functions as compared to the control group. Our results demonstrated that netilmicin was devoid of ototoxicity in the guinea pig, while dibekacin provoked mild cochlear and severe vestibulotoxicity.

Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Auditory Threshold; Cochlea; Dibekacin; Evoked Potentials, Auditory; Female; Gentamicins; Guinea Pigs; Kanamycin; Labyrinth Diseases; Male; Netilmicin; Nystagmus, Pathologic

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dibekacin; Fosfomycin; Hair Cells, Auditory; Kanamycin; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Labyrinth Diseases; Rats

Cochlear and vestibular ototoxicity of dibekacin was evaluated in 27 patients treated with aminoglycoside after surgery on head and neck cancer. The treatment was administered intramuscularly or intravenously during 13 days at the schedule of 3 mg/kg per day. Cochlear and vestibular functions were tested by audiometry and electronystagmography before the administration of the antibiotic and on the 14th, 30th day, and for certain patients on the 4th month after the start of the treatment. No cochlear ototoxicity was found after the dibekacin treatment. On the other hand, the dibekacin treatment produced minor abnormalities of ENG (irritative pattern).

Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Cochlea; Dibekacin; Female; Humans; Kanamycin; Labyrinth Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases; Vestibule, Labyrinth

Topics: Animals; Dibekacin; Humans; Kanamycin; Labyrinth Diseases

Various techniques useful for the precise functional and morphological evaluation of the auditory and vestibular systems in the guinea pig are described. Their application in the comparative study of the ototoxicity of three aminoglycosidic antibiotics (gentamicin, tobramycin and dibekacin) administered at doses of 90 mg/kg/day for 20 consecutive days is presented. In these conditions a severe cochlear impairment was observed with gentamicin and tobramycin while it was minimal with dibekacin. Vestibular impairment was also severe with gentamicin and definite, although less important, with dibekacin and tobramycin.

Topics: Aminoglycosides; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dibekacin; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Gentamicins; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Labyrinth Diseases; Tobramycin

Previous works have demonstrated that mammals are more susceptible to aminoside ototoxicity during the period of auditory development. In order to test the intrauterine ototoxicity of dibekacin, an experiment was designated in pregnant guinea pigs intoxicated during the last three weeks of gestation (100, 60 and 30 mg/kg for 8 days). Newborn guinea pigs were tested electrophysiologically by recording cochlear potentials from the round window in response to filtered clicks of various frequency. No fetal ototoxicity due to dibekacin could be detected in the 36 animals tested. This study indicates that dibekacin has a very low ototoxic effect, even during the period of increased sensitivity to antibiotics. Comparatively, kanamycin has a major ototoxic effect when it is administrated at the same dosage during the same period of time.

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cochlear Microphonic Potentials; Dibekacin; Female; Guinea Pigs; Kanamycin; Labyrinth Diseases; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal