diazepam and Hallucinations studies

Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.
diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.

Hallucinations: Subjectively experienced sensations in the absence of an appropriate stimulus, but which are regarded by the individual as real. They may be of organic origin or associated with MENTAL DISORDERS.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"Recurrent hallucinations appeared in an 11-year-old boy during 5 days following ketamine anaesthesia."	7.65	Recurrent hallucinations following ketamine. ( Davidson, JT; Perel, A, 1976)
"He also had visual hallucinations and temporary high blood pressure."	5.37	Pharmacoresistant convulsions and visual hallucinations around two weeks after selegiline overdose: a case report. ( Kato, S; Kobayashi, T; Saito, N; Shioda, K; Suda, S, 2011)
"A 19-year-old male came to the Emergency Room of our hospital due to an episode of dystonic movements and disorientation 4 days after consuming methamphetamine, which evolved to a catatonic frank syndrome and eventually to status epilepticus."	3.85	Anti-NMDA (a-NMDAR) receptor encephalitis related to acute consumption of metamphetamine: Relevance of differential diagnosis. ( Aguilera, L; García, JM; Iriondo, O; Rodríguez, T; Zaldibar-Gerrikagoitia, J, 2017)
" This article reports an acute organic psychosis marked by visual, auditory, and tactile hallucinations after abrupt discontinuation of phenelzine in two young women without previous history of psychotic symptoms."	3.67	Acute psychosis following phenelzine discontinuation. ( Jackson, WK; Liskin, B; Roose, SP; Walsh, BT, 1985)
"Three children received 1000 times the prescribed dose of atropine sulphate and recovered from the main effects of excitatory behaviour and hallucinations in 48 hours."	3.66	Atropine--a safe drug. ( Arthurs, GJ; Davies, R, 1980)
"Recurrent hallucinations appeared in an 11-year-old boy during 5 days following ketamine anaesthesia."	3.65	Recurrent hallucinations following ketamine. ( Davidson, JT; Perel, A, 1976)
"Clonidine has been demonstrated to attenuate many of these undesirable effects when used as a premedicant."	2.67	Oral clonidine premedication attenuates the haemodynamic effects associated with ketamine anaesthetic induction in humans. ( Doak, GJ; Duke, PC, 1993)
"He also had visual hallucinations and temporary high blood pressure."	1.37	Pharmacoresistant convulsions and visual hallucinations around two weeks after selegiline overdose: a case report. ( Kato, S; Kobayashi, T; Saito, N; Shioda, K; Suda, S, 2011)
"Anticholinergic syndrome has been widely documented in the literature but is uncommon in paediatric medicine."	1.34	'Red as a beet and blind as a bat' Anticholinergic delirium in adolescents: lessons for the paediatrician. ( Elliott, EJ; Isbister, GK; Ramjan, KA; Williams, AJ, 2007)
"Upon treatment with diazepam and haloperidol, the psychosis subsided within three days."	1.34	[Postictal paranoid-hallucinatory psychosis in cryptogenic epilepsy]. ( Baum, P; Hermann, W; Kopf, A; Wagner, A, 2007)
"Interictally, a dense homonymous hemianopia was demonstrated in the clinical examination and by using perimetry, but was not recognized by the patient himself."	1.31	Ictal visual hallucinations and post-ictal hemianopia with anosognosia. ( Mamoli, B; Spatt, J, 2000)
"Pupils were dilated in 18 of the 19 and restlessness and hallucinations were present in 17."	1.28	[Henbane (Hyoscyamus reticulatus) poisoning in children in the Negev]. ( Shalev, H; Sofer, S; Urkin, J; Witztum, A, 1991)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	44 (80.00)	18.7374
1990's	3 (5.45)	18.2507
2000's	5 (9.09)	29.6817
2010's	3 (5.45)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Kamijo, Y	1
Iriondo, O	1
Zaldibar-Gerrikagoitia, J	1
Rodríguez, T	1
García, JM	1
Aguilera, L	1
Kobayashi, T	1
Saito, N	1
Suda, S	1
Shioda, K	1
Kato, S	1
HALLBERG, RJ	1
LESSLER, K	1
KANE, FJ	1
BARTEN, HH	1
Gangdev, P	1
Ramjan, KA	1
Williams, AJ	1
Isbister, GK	1
Elliott, EJ	1
Baum, P	1
Kopf, A	1
Hermann, W	1
Wagner, A	1
Gerlach, J	1
Bjørndal, N	1
Christensson, E	1
Bourguignon, A	1
Monfort, JC	1
de Medeiros, P	1
Cadet, B	1
Chaneac, D	1
Schneider, D	1
Geller, A	1
Tucker, MR	1
Hann, JR	1
Phillips, CL	1
Shawn, DH	1
McGuigan, MA	1
Cunningham, BL	1
McKinney, P	1
Litchfield, B	1
Stark-Adamec, C	1
Adamec, RE	1
Graham, JM	1
Bruun-Meyer, SE	1
Perrin, RG	1
Pollock, D	1
Livingston, KE	1
Chandora, DB	1
Arthurs, GJ	1
Davies, R	1
Benazzi, F	1
Mazzoli, M	1
Rossi, E	1
Doak, GJ	1
Duke, PC	1
Spatt, J	1
Mamoli, B	1
Bonanno, FG	1
Winters, WD	1
Kott, KS	1
Adebimpe, VR	1
Thompson, WL	1
Perel, A	1
Davidson, JT	1
Floyd, JB	1
Murphy, CM	1
Goule, JP	1
Husson, A	1
Fondimare, A	1
Rapoport, F	1
Lebreton, M	1
Lajarige, V	1
Urkin, J	1
Shalev, H	1
Sofer, S	1
Witztum, A	1
Dundee, JW	2
Roberts, K	1
Vass, N	1
Liskin, B	1
Roose, SP	1
Walsh, BT	1
Jackson, WK	1
Jos, CJ	1
Schneider, R	1
Gannon, P	1
Faye-Lund, P	1
Melby, K	1
Schwartz, BA	1
Escande, C	1
Borenstein, P	1
Champion, C	1
Cujo, P	1
Gekière, F	1
Olivenstein, C	1
Kramarz, P	1
Lehmann, HE	1
Ban, TA	1
Alonso Atienza, P	1
Gancedo Rodriguez, VA	1
Marqués Sala, R	1
Barbero Carballo, Mdel C	1
Becsey, L	1
Malamed, S	1
Radnay, P	1
Foldes, FF	1
Zsigmond, EK	1
Karno, M	1
Wang, MK	1
Tatane, JR	1
Sussman, DR	1
Mahomedy, YH	1
Downing, JW	1
Coleman, AJ	1
Mahomedy, MC	1
Kramer, JC	1
Collier, BB	1
Rawson, RA	1
Lipscomb, WR	1
Rozynko, J	1
Jensen, AH	1
Knox, JW	1
Bovill, JG	1
Clarke, RS	1
Haider, W	1
Tschakaloff, C	1
Tudor, I	1
Irvine, BM	1
Czerwenka-Wenkstetten, H	1
Hofmann, G	1
Kryspin-Exner, K	1

Trial			Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Predictive Coding Abnormalities in Psychosis: EEG and fMRI[NCT03068806]				202 participants (Actual)	Observational	2014-12-01	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Article	Year
Oral clonidine premedication attenuates the haemodynamic effects associated with ketamine anaesthetic induction in humans. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 1993, Volume: 40, Issue:7 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Diazepam; Double-Bl	1993
[An original psychotropic drug: sulpiride]. La semaine des hopitaux : organe fonde par l'Association d'enseignement medical des hopitaux de Paris, 1969, Apr-20, Volume: 45, Issue:19 Topics: Adult; Animals; Anxiety; Behavior; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cognition Disorders; Delirium; Depressi	1969
Studies with new drugs in the treatment of convulsive disorders. Internationale Zeitschrift fur klinische Pharmakologie, Therapie, und Toxikologie. International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology, 1968, Volume: 1, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aggression; Anticonvulsants; Anxiety; Carbamazepine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diazepam; Dibe	1968
Reduction of the psychotomimetic and circulatory side-effects of ketamine by droperidol. Anesthesiology, 1972, Volume: 37, Issue:5 Topics: Abortion, Induced; Adult; Benperidol; Blood Pressure; Central Nervous System; Clinical Trials as Top	1972
Ketamine and the obstetric patient. South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde, 1974, Apr-13, Volume: 48, Issue:17 Topics: Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Cesarean Section; Cognition;	1974
Treatment of chronic hallucinations with diazepam and phenothiazines. Diseases of the nervous system, 1967, Volume: 28, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Auditory Perception; Chlorpromazine; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diazepam; Fem	1967
Ketamine and the conscious mind. Anaesthesia, 1972, Volume: 27, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anesthetics; Cannabis; Color Perception; Consciousness; Cyclohexanes; Deper	1972

Article	Year
Anti-NMDA (a-NMDAR) receptor encephalitis related to acute consumption of metamphetamine: Relevance of differential diagnosis. Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion, 2017, Volume: 64, Issue:3 Topics: Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis; Anticonvulsants; Autoantibodies; Benzodiazepines; C	2017
Pharmacoresistant convulsions and visual hallucinations around two weeks after selegiline overdose: a case report. Pharmacopsychiatry, 2011, Volume: 44, Issue:7 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Bipolar Disorder; Coma; Diazepam; Drug Overdose; Drug Resistance; Hallucinations; H	2011
KORSAKOFF-LIKE PSYCHOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH BENZODIAZEPINE OVERDOSAGE. The American journal of psychiatry, 1964, Volume: 121 Topics: Chlordiazepoxide; Delusions; Diazepam; Hallucinations; Hearing; Humans; Korsakoff Syndrome; Memory;	1964
TOXIC PSYCHOSIS WITH TRANSIENT DYSMNESTIC SYNDROME FOLLOWING WITHDRAWAL FROM VALIUM. The American journal of psychiatry, 1965, Volume: 121 Topics: Chlorpromazine; Diazepam; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Hallucinations; Humans; Memory; Psychose	1965
Relevance of sleep paralysis and hypnic hallucinations to psychiatry. Australasian psychiatry : bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists, 2004, Volume: 12, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Diazepam; Female; Hallucinations; Humans; Paran	2004
'Red as a beet and blind as a bat' Anticholinergic delirium in adolescents: lessons for the paediatrician. Journal of paediatrics and child health, 2007, Volume: 43, Issue:11 Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Cholinergic Antagonists; Delirium; Diazepam; Halluci	2007
[Postictal paranoid-hallucinatory psychosis in cryptogenic epilepsy]. Psychiatrische Praxis, 2007, Volume: 34, Issue:5 Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Cooperative Behavior; Delusions; Diazepam; Epilepsy; Epilepsy	2007
Methylphenidate, apomorphine, THIP, and diazepam in monkeys: dopamine-GABA behavior related to psychoses and tardive dyskinesia. Psychopharmacology, 1984, Volume: 82, Issue:1-2 Topics: Animals; Apomorphine; Chlorocebus aethiops; Diazepam; Dopamine; Drug Interactions; Dyskinesia, Drug-	1984
[Treatment of several psychotic states with the combination of valproic acid with diazepam]. Annales medico-psychologiques, 1984, Volume: 142, Issue:9 Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Delusions; Diazepam; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hallucinations; Halope	1984
[Experiences in maxillofacial surgery with the effect of Faustan (diazepam) on undesirable side-effects during emergence from ketamine anaesthesia (author's transl)]. Zahn-, Mund-, und Kieferheilkunde mit Zentralblatt, 1980, Volume: 68, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Dental; Diazepam; Female; Hallucinations; Humans; Ketamine; Male; Surgery, Oral	1980
The social, psychological and medical management of intoxication. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 1984, Volume: 1, Issue:1 Topics: Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Delusions; Diazepam; Hallucinations; Hallucinogens; Humans; Hypnotics and Seda	1984
Subanesthetic doses of ketamine, diazepam, and nitrous oxide for adult outpatient sedation. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, 1984, Volume: 42, Issue:10 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Diazepam; Fe	1984
Poisoning from dermal absorption of promethazine. Canadian Medical Association journal, 1984, Jun-01, Volume: 130, Issue:11 Topics: Administration, Topical; Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Ataxia; Child, Preschool; Diazepam; Eczema; Female	1984
Patient acceptance of dissociative anesthetics. Plastic and reconstructive surgery, 1983, Volume: 72, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Diazepam; Dreams; Hallucinations; Humans; Intraoperative Period; Ketamine;	1983
Complications of intravenous diazepam. An overall assessment of 16,000 cases and detailed studies of 6,000 cases. Dental anaesthesia and sedation, 1981, Volume: 10, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Child; Child, Preschool; Diaze	1981
Analysis of facial displays and verbal report to assess subjective state in the non-invasive detection of limbic system activation by procaine hydrochloride. Behavioural brain research, 1982, Volume: 4, Issue:1 Topics: Diazepam; Electric Stimulation; Emotions; Facial Expression; Female; Hallucinations; Heart Rate; Hum	1982
Delayed diazepam withdrawal syndrome: a case of auditory and visual hallucinations and seizures. Journal of the Medical Association of Georgia, 1980, Volume: 69, Issue:9 Topics: Diazepam; Hallucinations; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Seizures; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1980
Atropine--a safe drug. Anaesthesia, 1980, Volume: 35, Issue:11 Topics: Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Atropine; Child; Diazepam; Hallucinations; Humans; Medication Errors; Prean	1980
Auditory hallucinations suppressed by etizolam in a patient with schizophrenia. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 1993, Volume: 38, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Auditory Perception; Diazepam; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hallu	1993
Ictal visual hallucinations and post-ictal hemianopia with anosognosia. Seizure, 2000, Volume: 9, Issue:7 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticonvulsants; Diazepam; Electroencephalography; Epilepsia Partialis Cont	2000
Ketamine in war/tropical surgery (a final tribute to the racemic mixture). Injury, 2002, Volume: 33, Issue:4 Topics: Abdomen; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amputation, Surgical; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthesia, Obstetr	2002
Continuum of sedation, activation and hypnosis or hallucinosis: a comparison of low dose effects of pentobarbital, diazepam or gamma-hydroxybutyrate in the cat. Neuropharmacology, 1979, Volume: 18, Issue:11 Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Cats; Diazepam; Electroencephalography; Female; Hallu	1979
Complex partial seizures simulating schizophrenia . JAMA, 1977, Mar-28, Volume: 237, Issue:13 Topics: Adult; Chlorpromazine; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Errors; Diazepam; Electroencephalography;	1977
Management of alcohol withdrawal syndromes. Archives of internal medicine, 1978, Volume: 138, Issue:2 Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium; Alcoholism; Diazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, Dru	1978
Phencyclidine-a different hallucinogen. The Medical letter on drugs and therapeutics, 1977, Aug-26, Volume: 19, Issue:17 Topics: Diazepam; Hallucinations; Humans; Phencyclidine; Phenytoin; Substance-Related Disorders	1977
Recurrent hallucinations following ketamine. Anaesthesia, 1976, Volume: 31, Issue:8 Topics: Anesthesia, General; Child; Diazepam; Hallucinations; Humans; Ketamine; Male; Time Factors	1976
Hallucinations following withdrawal of Valium. The Journal of the Kentucky Medical Association, 1976, Volume: 74, Issue:11 Topics: Diazepam; Female; Hallucinations; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1976
[Letter: Encephalopathies due to insoluble salts of bismuth]. La Nouvelle presse medicale, 1975, May-03, Volume: 4, Issue:18 Topics: Aged; Bismuth; Brain Diseases; Colitis; Diazepam; Hallucinations; Humans; Meninges; Middle Aged; Mov	1975
[Henbane (Hyoscyamus reticulatus) poisoning in children in the Negev]. Harefuah, 1991, Jun-16, Volume: 120, Issue:12 Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Coma; Diazepam; Hallucinations; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Organophos	1991
Do fantasies occur with intravenous benzodiazepines? SAAD digest, 1986, Volume: 6, Issue:8 Topics: Anesthesia, Intravenous; Diazepam; Fantasy; Follow-Up Studies; Hallucinations; Humans; Midazolam; Pr	1986
Schneiderian first-rank symptoms caused by benzodiazepine withdrawal. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 1986, Volume: 148 Topics: Adult; Benzodiazepines; Diazepam; Female; Hallucinations; Humans; Middle Aged; Schizophrenia; Substa	1986
Acute psychosis following phenelzine discontinuation. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 1985, Volume: 5, Issue:1 Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Diazepam; Female; Hallucinations; Humans; Hyperphagia; Phenelzine; Psychotic D	1985
Diazepam in the treatment of hallucinations. The American journal of psychiatry, 1985, Volume: 142, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Diazepam; Female; Hallucinations; Humans; Male; Psychotic Disorders	1985
[Acute hallucinations from treatment with bleomycin]. Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke, 1974, Sep-30, Volume: 94, Issue:27 Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Anal Gland Neoplasms; Animals; Bleomycin; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Diazepam; E	1974
Sleeping sickness: sleep study of a case. Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology, 1970, Volume: 29, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Cerebral Cortex; Diazepam; Electroencephalography; Encephalitis, Arbovirus; Follow-Up Studies;	1970
[Hallucinogenic action of ketamine associated with different technics. Comparative study with a test group]. Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion, 1974, Volume: 21, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics; Diazepam; Drug Interactions; Female; Fentanyl; Hallucin	1974
Sympathomimetic anesthetics. Canadian Anaesthetists' Society journal, 1973, Volume: 20, Issue:4 Topics: Amines; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Brain; Diazepam; Hallucinations; Humans; Ketamine; Ketones; Norepine	1973
The care of psychotic patients. American family physician, 1974, Volume: 9, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Affective Symptoms; Ambulatory Care; Anxiety; Bipolar Disorder; Brain Damage, Chronic; Diazep	1974
Letter: Other systemic effects of eye drops. British medical journal, 1974, Mar-09, Volume: 1, Issue:5905 Topics: Blood Pressure; Child; Cyclopentanes; Diazepam; Female; Hallucinations; Humans; Mydriatics; Ophthalm	1974
A comparative evaluation of ketamine anesthesia in children and adults. Anesthesiology, 1974, Volume: 40, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Airway Obstruction; Analgesia; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Intr	1974
Acute delirium in amitriptyline-perphenazine therapy of alcoholism. Clinical toxicology, 1971, Volume: 4, Issue:1 Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Alcoholism; Amitriptyline; Delirium; Diazepam; Drug Combinations; Hallucinatio	1971
[200+200 anaesthesias with Ketalar--a comparison]. Nordisk medicin, 1971, Dec-02, Volume: 86, Issue:48 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthetics; Blood Pressure; Child; Child, Preschool; Cyclohexanes; Diazepam; Hallucinat	1971
Clinical studies of induction agents. XXXVI: Ketamine. British journal of anaesthesia, 1970, Volume: 42, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics; Atropine; Attitude to Health; Blood Pressur	1970
[Temporary mental after-effects in long-term treatment of tetanus with diazepam (Valium)]. Der Anaesthesist, 1970, Volume: 19, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Behavior; Child; Diazepam; Female; Hallucinations; Humans; Impulsive Behavior; La	1970
Electroclinical aspects of remission of status epilepticus. Revue roumaine de neurologie, 1970, Volume: 7, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Alpha Rhythm; Automatism; Barbiturates; Cognition Disorders; Diazepam; Electroencephalography	1970
"Valium" in the treatment of schizophrenia. The Medical journal of Australia, 1969, Jun-28, Volume: 1, Issue:26 Topics: Auditory Perception; Diazepam; Hallucinations; Humans; Schizophrenia	1969
[A case of Valium withdrawal delirium]. Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1965, Nov-20, Volume: 115, Issue:47 Topics: Adult; Delusions; Diazepam; Hallucinations; Humans; Male; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-R	1965

diazepam and Hallucinations

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