desoxyepothilone-b and Neoplasms

Epothilone is a newly developed antitumor drug; its antitumor principle is to stop the cell cycle by binding to tubulin in tumor cells, promoting tubulin polymerization, inhibiting depolymerization of microtubules, and ultimately inducing apoptosis. There are many analogs of epothilone, such as epothilone B, epothilone D, ixabepilone, sagopilone, 21-amino-epothilone B and KOS-1584. Herein, the synthesis and antitumor activity of epothilones B and D were summed up. The antitumor activity of epothilone analogs was also compared. Synthesis of epothilone and its analogs is more complex, and choosing the proper synthetic method is very important. Moreover, these compounds have obvious antitumor effect. The epothilone and its analogs will continue to play an important role in the future treatment of tumors.

Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Drug Design; Epothilones; Humans; Neoplasms; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tubulin Modulators

Epothilones are a class of macrolide compounds. Their activities of tubulin polymerization and microtubule depolymerization inhibition like paclitaxel make them a new generation of antimitotic drugs. The mechanism of action is similar to that of paclitaxel, which can bind to tubulin and cause cancer cells to fail to undergo mitosis, thereby causing apoptosis in cancer cells. Epothilone is superior to paclitaxel in anti-tumor spectrum, anti-tumor activity, safety, water solubility and synthetic methods. It is expected to develop into a more effective anti-tumor drug than paclitaxel. Herein, the synthesis methods and activity of epothilone D were summarized and analyzed.

Topics: Cell Survival; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Epothilones; Humans; Mitosis; Neoplasms; Paclitaxel; Tubulin Modulators

Microtubule-stabilising agents typified by the epothilone class of drug have demonstrated promising activity in Phase II and III clinical trials.. Data supporting the efficacy of these agents are reviewed and their potential use in taxane-refractory disease assessed.. Preclinical evidence assessing the role of the spindle assembly checkpoint in determining the cellular response to microtubule stabilization are presented together with clinical data documenting the efficacy of non-taxane microtubule modulators.. Evidence suggests that microtubule-stabilising agents prolong activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint which may promote cancer cell death in mitosis or following mitotic exit. A weakened spindle assembly checkpoint is associated with altered sensitivity to agents targeting the microtubule and therefore pathways of drug resistance may be shared by these cytotoxic therapies. Preliminary clinical trial data do suggest modest activity of epothilones in truly taxane-resistant patient cohorts, indicating the potential niche for these agents in a molecularly undefined patient group, potentially implicating the role of P-glycoprotein in the acquisition of taxane-resistant disease. Trial data of these antimitotic agents will be presented together with their potential role in taxane-resistant disease and the implications for future clinical trial design.

Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Chromosomal Instability; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Drugs, Investigational; Epothilones; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Microtubules; Mitosis; Neoplasms; Spindle Apparatus; Taxoids; Tubulin Modulators

Epothilones are 16-member ring macrolides with antimicrotubule activity that share a similar mechanism of action to the taxanes but have demonstrated potent antiproliferative activity in several different multidrug-resistant and paclitaxel-resistant tumor cell lines in vitro and in vivo.. This review summarizes data from preclinical and phase I clinical studies of epothilone B (patupilone; EPO960) and epothilone D (KOS-862) and their second-generation (ixabepilone, BMS-310705, KOS-1584) and third-generation (ZK-EPO, ABJ-879) derivatives. Data were identified by searches of PubMed and the Proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology annual meetings from 2000 to 2006.. Epothilones demonstrate a linear dose-dependent pharmacokinetic profile, are well tolerated, and exhibit antitumor activity in a variety of tumor types in phase I studies of patients with cancer. Although similar in chemical structure, the epothilones demonstrate a striking difference in toxicity profile in phase I studies. Diarrhea is the dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) associated with patupilone, whereas neurotoxicity and neutropenia are the DLTs most commonly encountered with other epothilones. Consistent with preclinical data, partial responses were observed with patupilone and ixabepilone in patients with breast cancer previously treated with taxanes.. The epothilones demonstrate promising antitumor activity in a broad spectrum of taxane-sensitive and -refractory tumors at doses and schedules associated with tolerable side-effects.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Epothilones; Humans; Microtubules; Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome; Tubulin Modulators

For years the microtubule stabilizing agents docetaxel and paclitaxel belong to the most successful clinical chemotherapeutic agents. Several attempts have been made over the years to equal and better these drugs. Both taxanes are associated with the notorious side effect neurotoxicity and are often accompanied with increased drug resistance and cross resistance with other chemotherapeutic agents. In addition their high lipophilicity demands use of co-solvents, which are associated with less favorable side effects such as hypersensitivity. To prevent these disadvantages and improve the clinical application of the taxanes several new agents have entered clinical testing. The agents that are discussed are the drug class of the discodermolides; XAA296A and the epothilones; BMS-247550, BMS-310705, epo906, kos-862 and the agents ABT-751 and D-24851. Here we present an overview of recently performed clinical studies to determine the current state of the art of the tubulin inhibitors which are intended to enlarge and improve the clinical use of the taxanes docetaxel and paclitaxel.

Topics: Epothilones; Humans; Neoplasms; Tubulin Modulators

Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Epothilones; Humans; Microtubules; Neoplasms; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tubulin

To determine the maximally tolerated dose (MTD) and pharmacokinetics of carboplatin plus KOS-862 (Epothilone D) a novel cytotoxic macrolide capable of causing mitotic arrest, in patients with advanced solid malignancies.. Patients who have progressed on standard regimens were treated at four different levels of KOS-862(mg/m(2))/Carboplatin(AUC): 50/5,75/5, 75/6 and 100/6 in a "3 + 3" phase I study study design to determine MTD. Patients received KOS-862 on Days 1 and 8, and carboplatin on day 1, of 3-week cycles. Pharmacokinetics of KOS-862 and Carboplatin were studied.. Twenty-seven patients enrolled in the study. At the top dose level, 2 out of the 9 patients experienced Dose Limiting Toxicity. (grade 3 peripheral motor neuropathy in both patients) Twenty-seven patients had sufficient plasma data points for pharmacokinetic analysis Both the parent drug, KOS-862, and the major inactive metabolite Seco-D KOS-862 (KOS-1965) were quantified in plasma. Kinetics of KOS-862 were the same as seen in monotherapy studies using the same route and time of administration. Two patients had tumor response after study treatment. Ten of 20 evaluable patients had stable disease after 2 cycles of study treatment. The MTD in the present study was KOS-862 100 mg/m(2) + carboplatin AUC = 6.. The pharmacokinetics of KOS-862 were similar in this combination study to those seen in previous monotherapy studies using the same route and time of administration. We have described the MTD of this schedule. The neurotoxicity seen with this regimen should be considered prior to its administration in unselected populations.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Area Under Curve; Carboplatin; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Epothilones; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome

To determine the maximum tolerated dose and safety of the epothilone, KOS-862, in patients with advanced solid tumors or lymphoma.. Patients were treated weekly for 3 out of 4 weeks (Schedule A) or 2 out of 3 weeks (Schedule B) with KOS-862 (16-120 mg/m(2)). Pharmacokinetic (PK) sampling was performed during cycles 1 and 2; pharmacodynamic (PD) assessment for microtubule bundle formation (MTBF) was performed after the 1st dose, only at or above 100 mg/m(2).. Thirty-two patients were enrolled, and twenty-nine completed ≥1 cycle of therapy. Dose limiting toxicity [DLT] was observed at 120 mg/m(2). PK data were linear from 16 to 100 mg/m(2), with proportional increases in mean C(max) and AUC(tot) as a function of dose. Full PK analysis (mean ± SD) at 100 mg/m(2) revealed the following: half-life (t (½)) = 9.1 ± 2.2 h; volume of distribution (V(z)) = 119 ± 41 L/m(2); clearance (CL) = 9.3 ± 3.2 L/h/m(2). MTBF (n = 9) was seen in 40% of PBMCs within 1 h and in 15% of PBMC at 24-hours post infusion at 100 mg/m(2). Tumor shrinkage (n = 2, lymphoma), stable disease >3 months (n = 5, renal, prostate, oropharynx, cholangiocarcinoma, and Hodgkin lymphoma), and tumor marker reductions (n = 1, colorectal cancer/CEA) were observed.. KOS-862 was well tolerated with manageable toxicity, favorable PK profile, and the suggestion of clinical activity. The maximum tolerated dose was determined to be 100 mg/m(2) weekly 3-on/1-off. MTBF can be demonstrated in PBMCs of patients exposed to KOS-862.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Epothilones; Female; Humans; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Lymphoma; Male; Microtubules; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Tubulin Modulators

A practical total synthesis of 26-(1,3-dioxolanyl)-12,13-desoxyepothilone B (26-dioxolanyl dEpoB) was accomplished in a highly convergent manner. A novel sequence was developed to produce the vinyl iodide segment 17 in high enantiomeric excess, which was used in a key B-alkyl Suzuki merger. Subsequently, a Yamaguchi macrocyclization formed the core lactone, while a selective oxidation and a late stage Noyori acetalization incorporated the dioxolane functionality. Sufficient amounts of synthetic 26-dioxolane dEpoB were produced using this sequence for an in vivo analysis in mice containing xenograft CCRF-CEM tumors.

Topics: Animals; Disease Progression; Epothilones; Epoxy Compounds; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Mice; Mice, Nude; Molecular Structure; Neoplasms; Structure-Activity Relationship; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays