deoxycholic-acid and Enteritis

Necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by Clostridium perfringens infection has reemerged as a prevalent poultry disease worldwide due to reduced usage of prophylactic antibiotics under consumer preferences and regulatory pressures. The lack of alternative antimicrobial strategies to control this disease is mainly due to limited insight into the relationship between NE pathogenesis, microbiome, and host responses. Here we showed that the microbial metabolic byproduct of secondary bile acid deoxycholic acid (DCA), at as low as 50 µM, inhibited 82.8% of C. perfringens growth in Tryptic Soy Broth (P < 0.05). Sequential Eimeria maxima and C. perfringens challenges significantly induced NE, severe intestinal inflammation, and body weight (BW) loss in broiler chickens. These negative effects were diminished (P < 0.05) by 1.5 g/kg DCA diet. At the cellular level, DCA alleviated NE-associated ileal epithelial death and significantly reduced lamina propria cell apoptosis. Interestingly, DCA reduced C. perfringens invasion into ileum (P < 0.05) without altering the bacterial ileal luminal colonization. Molecular analysis showed that DCA significantly reduced inflammatory mediators of Infγ, Litaf, Il1β, and Mmp9 mRNA accumulation in ileal tissue. Mechanism studies revealed that C. perfringens induced (P < 0.05) elevated expression of inflammatory mediators of Infγ, Litaf, and Ptgs2 (Cyclooxygenases-2 (COX-2) gene) in chicken splenocytes. Inhibiting the COX signaling by aspirin significantly attenuated INFγ-induced inflammatory response in the splenocytes. Consistent with the in vitro assay, chickens fed 0.12 g/kg aspirin diet protected the birds against NE-induced BW loss, ileal inflammation, and intestinal cell apoptosis. In conclusion, microbial metabolic product DCA prevents NE-induced BW loss and ileal inflammation through attenuating inflammatory response. These novel findings of microbiome protecting birds against NE provide new options on developing next generation antimicrobial alternatives against NE.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Apoptosis; Bile Acids and Salts; Chickens; Clostridium Infections; Clostridium perfringens; Deoxycholic Acid; Enteritis; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Inflammation; Microbiota; Poultry Diseases; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; Spleen; Trypsin

The surviving populations of Campylobacter jejuni serotypes following freezing or heat were found to be more sensitive to rifampicin and sodium deoxycholate on subsequent culture. Thus while control cultures had an IC50 of greater than 20 micrograms/ml rifampicin those of injured cells were less than 5 micrograms/ml. Treatment with EDTA caused almost identical changes in resistance suggesting that the altered resistance pattern of injured cells was due to loss of the barrier properties of the bacterial outer membrane.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Campylobacter; Campylobacter Infections; Deoxycholic Acid; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Edetic Acid; Enteritis; Freezing; Hot Temperature; Humans; Rifampin

Preweanling rats selectively approach and consume pheromone-containing maternal feces. This selectivity suggests that the consumption of maternal feces might be important for the growing pup. We tested the hypothesis that such feces, because of their high deoxycholic acid content, may protect against acute enteritis. A series of experiments was carried out in which pups were denied access to maternal feces. These pups died more often from acute enteritis than control pups. Additional confirmation of the hypothesis was obtained when feces-denied young fed deoxycholic acid showed a significantly lower mortality than feces-denied young fed laboratory chow alone.

Topics: Animals; Animals, Suckling; Deoxycholic Acid; Enteritis; Feces; Female; Lactation; Pheromones; Pregnancy; Rats

Topics: Administration, Oral; Bacterial Vaccines; Deoxycholic Acid; Enteritis; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Germany, East; Humans; Immunization, Secondary; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Vaccination; Vaccines, Attenuated

Topics: Calculi; Deoxycholic Acid; Enteritis; Humans; Intestinal Obstruction; Jejunum; Medical Records; Radiation Injuries