deamino-arginine-vasopressin and Weight-Loss

A regulatory effect of arginine vasopressin (AVP) on sweat water conservation has been hypothesized but not definitively evaluated. AVP-mediated insertion of sweat and salivary gland aquaporin-5 (AQP5) water channels through activation of the vasopressin type 2 receptor (V2R) remains an attractive, yet unexplored, mechanism that could result in a more concentrated sweat with resultant decreased water loss. Ten runners participated in a double-blind randomized control treadmill trial under three separate pharmacological conditions: a placebo, V2R agonist (0.2 mg desmopressin), or V2R antagonist (30 mg tolvaptan). After a familiarization trial, runners ran for 60 min at 60% of peak speed followed by a performance trial to volitional exhaustion. Outcome variables were collected at three exercise time points: baseline, after the steady-state run, and after the performance run. Body weight losses were <2% across all three trials. Significant pharmacological condition effects were noted for urine osmolality [F = 84.98; P < 0.0001] and urine sodium concentration ([Na(+)]) [F = 38.9; P < 0.0001], which verified both pharmacological activation and inhibition of the V2R at the kidney collecting duct. Plasma osmolality and [Na(+)] demonstrated significant exercise (F = 26.0 and F = 11.1; P < 0.0001) and condition (F = 5.1 and F = 3.8; P < 0.05) effects (osmolality and [Na(+)], respectively). No significant exercise or condition effects were noted for either sweat or salivary [Na(+)]. Significant exercise effects were noted for plasma [AVP] (F = 22.3; P < 0.0001), peak core temperature (F = 103.3; P < 0.0001), percent body weight change (F = 6.3; P = 0.02), plasma volume change (F = 21.8; P < 0.0001), and thirst rating (F = 78.2; P < 0.0001). Performance time was not altered between conditions (P = 0.80). In summary, AVP acting at V2R does not appear to regulate water losses from body fluids other than renal excretion during exercise.

Topics: Adult; Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists; Benzazepines; Biomarkers; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin; Double-Blind Method; Exercise; Female; Hormone Antagonists; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neurophysins; Osmolar Concentration; Physical Endurance; Plasma Volume; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Vasopressin; Running; Signal Transduction; Sodium; Sweat; Sweat Glands; Sweating; Thirst; Time Factors; Tolvaptan; Vasopressins; Water-Electrolyte Balance; Weight Loss; Young Adult

Patients with central diabetes insipidus (CDI) are known to lose weight because their polydipsia interferes with their nutritional intake. We retrospectively examined weight changes in CDI patients when they switched from nasal to oral desmopressin.. Twenty-three patients with CDI were included. Weight change was defined as an increase or decrease of more than 3 kg or 3% body weight. As factors contributing to the weight change, we studied the patients' clinical characteristics and quality of life (QOL) scores as determined by our original questionnaire.. Five patients showed a weight loss of 5.9 kg (2.4-9.0 kg), and two patients showed weight gain, while 16 out of 23 patients were weight neutral. When the patients with weight gain and weight neutral were analyzed together, the mean weight change was +0.3 kg (-0.5 to +1.1 kg). All the patients who lost weight had a Body Mass Index ≥22 kg/m2 (38% vs. 0%, P=0.027) and higher frequencies of abnormally high serum levels of AST (40% vs. 0%, P=0.005). The sum of the QOL scores was similar between the two groups, but higher in patients who lost weight after switching to oral desmopressin (43.3±2.7) than in those who did not (38.2±5.0, P=0.01).. Switching the treatment from nasal to oral desmopressin may cause weight loss in patients with CDI who seemed to have polydipsia-associated weight gain.

Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin; Diabetes Insipidus, Neurogenic; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Middle Aged; Polydipsia; Retrospective Studies; Weight Loss

Induction of cellular cerebral edema (CE) was achieved by a standard method of water intoxication which consisted of fractionated intraperitoneal administration of distilled water (DW) together with the injection of desmopressin (DP). Using metabolic cage, fluid and food balance was studied in two groups of eight animals: group C - control; group CE - cellular edema induced by water intoxication. For each rat the intake (food pellets and water) and excretion (solid excrements and urine) were recorded for 48 h together with the initial and final body weight. CE animals consumed significantly less food, drank less water and eliminated the smallest amount of excrements. The induction of cellular cerebral edema was accompanied with a significant loss of body weight (representing on average 13 % of the initial values) mainly due to a reduction of food intake. This phenomenon has not yet been reported.

Topics: Animals; Antidiuretic Agents; Body Weight; Brain Edema; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Water Intoxication; Weight Loss

To evaluate the effect of idiopathic orthostatic edema and the effect of thyrotoxicosis on weight fluctuation and fluid retention in the presence of surgically induced panhypopituitarism and diabetes insipidus controlled with hormone replacement.. Dextroamphetamine sulfate was used for weight gain when no other etiologic factor was found. Methimazole was used when weight loss occurred when serum T4 and free T4 indicated thyrotoxicosis.. Sympathomimetic amine therapy very effectively controlled the weight gain and methimazole controlled the weight loss.. Hypopituitarism and diabetes insipidus controlled with hormone replacement do not protect against fluid retention from idiopathic edema.

Topics: Antidiuretic Agents; Antithyroid Agents; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin; Dextroamphetamine; Diabetes Insipidus; Edema; Female; Humans; Hypopituitarism; Methimazole; Middle Aged; Posture; Sympathomimetics; Thyrotoxicosis; Weight Gain; Weight Loss

Topics: Antidiuretic Agents; Antigens, CD1; Antineoplastic Agents; Child; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell; Humans; Polyuria; Prednisolone; S100 Proteins; Thirst; Vinblastine; Weight Loss