deamino-arginine-vasopressin and Renal-Insufficiency--Chronic

Impaired kidney concentration capacity is present in half of the patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). The kidney concentrating capacity was further impaired within the animal model of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD). To date, only one small study has investigated it in children having ARPKD. Therefore, we aimed to study the kidney concentrating ability in a larger cohort of children with ARPKD.. Eighteen children (median age 8.5 years, range 1.3-16.8) were retrospectively investigated. A standardized kidney concentrating capacity test was performed after the application of a nasal drop of desmopressin (urine osmolality > 900 mOsmol/kg). The glomerular filtration rate was estimated using the Schwartz formula (eGFR) and blood pressure (BP) was measured as office BP.. Kidney concentrating capacity was decreased (urine osmolality < 900 mOsmol/kg) in 100% of children with ARPKD. The median urine osmolality after desmopressin application was 389 (range 235-601) mOsmol/kg. Sixteen patients (89%) were defined as hypertensive based on their actual BP level or their use of antihypertensive drugs. The maximum amounts of urinary concentration correlated significantly with eGFR (r = 0.72, p < 0.0001) and hypertensive scores (r = 0.50, p < 0.05), but not with kidney size. Twelve patients (67%) were defined as having CKD stages 2-4. The median concentrating capacity was significantly lower in children within this group, when compared to children with CKD stage 1 possessing a normal eGFR (544 mOsmol/kg, range 413-600 mOsmol/kg vs. 327 mOsmol/kg, range 235-417 mOsmol/l, p < 0.001).. Impaired kidney concentrating capacity is present in most children with ARPKD and is associated with decreased eGFR and hypertension. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.

Topics: Child; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Hypertension; Kidney; Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant; Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Recessive; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND Intramural hematomas primarily present in the esophagus or duodenum. We report a case of intramural hematoma in the gastric wall (GIH) secondary to percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement in a setting of platelet dysfunction. CASE REPORT This case study reviews the hospitalization of a 73-year-old male with a history of chronic kidney disease who was admitted for coronary artery bypass graft surgery and mitral valve repair. During his complicated hospital course, he inadvertently required the placement of a PEG tube. His coagulation profile prior to this procedure was within normal limits. The patient had no history of coagulopathy and was taking aspirin 81 mg per day. PEG tube placement was withheld due to an expanding hematoma that was noted at the site of needle insertion in the gastric wall. A single dose of intravenous desmopressin (0.3 microgram/kilogram) was administered under the suspicion of uremic bleeding. No further gastrointestinal bleeding events were observed. A platelet function assay (PFA) and collagen/epinephrine closure time indicated platelet dysfunction. Three days later, we again attempted a PEG tube placement. His PFA prior to this procedure had normalized due to aspirin discontinuation and improvement of renal function. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) showed an area of flat bluish gastric submucosal bruising at the site of the previous hematoma. The PEG tube was placed successfully at an adjacent site. Over the course of the following month, the patient underwent uneventful feeding through the PEG tube. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, cases of GIH are rarely documented in literature. Multidisciplinary vigilance is required to maintain a high index of suspicion for this complication in patients with uremia or other coagulopathies to aid in prompt diagnosis.

Topics: Aged; Coronary Artery Disease; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin; Enteral Nutrition; Gastroscopy; Gastrostomy; Hematoma; Hemostatics; Humans; Intraoperative Period; Male; Platelet Function Tests; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Risk Factors; Stomach; Treatment Outcome

Hypernatraemia over 160 mmol/L is considered to be severe. This case reports a patient who developed extreme hypernatraemia with a serum sodium concentration of 196 mmol/L. The patient was known to have chronic renal impairment and was admitted with acute deterioration of renal function secondary to dehydration. This was considered to be secondary to poor oral fluid intake (related to depression) and lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus with salt-losing nephropathy. The patient had a high urinary sodium excretion but was also in a pure water losing state as evidenced by an inappropriately low urine osmolality for the plasma osmolality and was successfully treated with hypotonic intravenous fluid and desmopressin.

Topics: Bipolar Disorder; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin; Dehydration; Depression; Diabetes Insipidus, Nephrogenic; Female; Humans; Hypernatremia; Hypotonic Solutions; Infusions, Intravenous; Lithium Carbonate; Middle Aged; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Treatment Outcome

Topics: Arginine Vasopressin; Blood; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin; Kidney Diseases; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Vasopressins