deamino-arginine-vasopressin and Depressive-Disorder

Poststroke depression is one of the common psychiatric complications after stroke. Thus, the research of new ways for treatment depressed mood after stroke is actual. The previous researches revealed vasopressin to be effective in patients with memory, speech and motor function disorders after stroke. The purpose of the study was to investigate influence of vasopressin on depression after stroke. Fourteen patients with affective disorders have been treated with subendocrine doses of 1-desamino-8-D-arginin-vasopressin (DDAVP) daily by intranasal application during 1,5-2 months. Vasopressin was effective in correcting both apatoadinamic and anxious depression. Treatment effect was durable, lasts for 0,5-1 year after the first course of therapy. The results of this pilot study demonstrate perspective of using selective agonist of vasopressin V2 receptors, DDAVP, in therapy of post-stroke depression.

Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Aged; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pilot Projects; Receptors, Vasopressin; Sleep; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Stroke

Major depression is associated with significant disturbance in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning, including blunted release of ACTH in response to CRH infusion. Eight melancholic depressives and eight matched healthy comparison subjects underwent, in random order, the following challenges: placebo, CRH, CRH + DDAVP. Blood for ACTH and cortisol estimation was drawn at -15, 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min. A blunted release of ACTH, in response to CRH challenge, was observed in depression (P < 0.01), whereas maximal cortisol responses in both groups were similar, despite elevated baseline levels in depression (P < 0.05). The combined CRH/DDAVP infusion produced similar ACTH and cortisol release in both groups. These results suggest that melancholic depression is associated with enhanced pituitary vasopressinergic responsivity.

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Middle Aged; Single-Blind Method; Vasopressins

It has been argued that hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a major biological abnormality in patients suffering from psychiatric conditions such as major depression. Both arginine vasopressin (AVP) and corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) are responsible for stimulating the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the anterior pituitary. CRF is thought to be the predominant secretagogue under normal conditions but AVP may play a more important role in situations of aberrant/chronic stress. Studies in patients suffering from melancholic depression indicate a hyper-responsiveness to agonism at the vasopressin receptor type 1B (V(1B)); patients display a heightened ACTH release after challenge with the mixed V(1B)/V(2) (vasopressin receptor type 2) agonist desmopressin in comparison to control subjects. A V(1B) antagonist has been developed which has significant selectivity for the human V(1B) receptor over the other members of the vasopressin receptor sub-family. The compound acts as an effective antagonist at both the human recombinant receptor (stably expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells) and the native rat V(1B) receptor (using isolated anterior pituitary cells), blocking the induction of luciferase and the release of ACTH, respectively. In vivo the compound can block the release of ACTH after challenge with a variety of V(1B) agonists. It can also attenuate the ACTH response to acute stressors in rats. Interestingly, this compound does not modulate the activity of the HPA axis under normal basal conditions.

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists; Arginine Vasopressin; CHO Cells; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Cricetinae; Cricetulus; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Hypothalamus; Male; Mood Disorders; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Psychotic Disorders; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Vasopressin; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

A minority of patients with affective disorders experience mild elevations of the renal enzyme N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG). Some affectively disordered patients also have reduced concentrating ability and reduced creatinine clearance. Thirty-one affectively disordered patients were compared to 17 healthy controls, to evaluate whether these various renal abnormalities are associated with one another and to further examine the proportion of affectively disordered patients experiencing NAG elevations. Twenty-nine percent of patients had an elevated NAG, whereas none of the controls did (P less than .005). There was a trend for an association between elevated NAGs and reduced creatinine clearance (P less than .08), but no association was found between concentrating ability and either elevated NAG or reduced creatinine clearance.

Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bipolar Disorder; Creatinine; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin; Depressive Disorder; Hexosaminidases; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Concentrating Ability; Kidney Function Tests; Middle Aged

Topics: Arginine Vasopressin; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin; Depressive Disorder; Double-Blind Method; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Humans; Memory; Memory, Short-Term; Mental Recall; Vasopressins; Verbal Learning