deamino-arginine-vasopressin and Cystitis

The risk of pyelonephritis in children with asymptomatic cystitis or bacteriuria, using desmopressin for primary nonpoliuric nocturnal enuresis, is not known. The aim of this study was to study whether there is a risk of pyelonephritis in rats with cystitis using desmopressin. Wistar rats (n = 28) were divided into four groups of cystitis (groups I-IV). DDAVP (2 microg daily) and saline (0.5 ml daily) were injected intramuscularly for 7 days in groups II and IV and groups I and III, respectively. The urinalysis, urine culture, and 24-h urinary volume (UV(24)) were assessed for all rats on days 1, 3, 5, and 7. In groups III and IV these studies were also performed on days 14, 21, and 28. Serum creatinine was determined on day 7 in all rats and on day 28 in groups III and IV. Groups I and II and groups III and IV were killed at the end of days 7 and 28, respectively. Kidneys and urinary bladders were graded subjectively for inflammation and fibrosis. Inflammation and fibrosis scores in kidney and bladder tissues were not different between DDAVP or saline-injected rats in cystitis groups at weeks 1 and 4. No fibrosis was found in any of the urinary bladders on histological examination. Ascendant pyelonephritis was detected in each of the four rats in DDAVP-administered and saline-administered cystitis groups. The histopathologic scores of the renal tissue with pyelonephritis showed no correlation with the daily urine volume, the positive test results for urine leukocyte esterase with dipstick test, the urine culture results for E. coli based on colony-forming unit per milliliter, or serum creatinine levels in cystitis groups. It was found that the administration of DDAVP to cystitis groups did not increase the risk of ascendant pyelonephritis.

Topics: Animals; Antidiuretic Agents; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Creatinine; Cystitis; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin; Enuresis; Escherichia coli; Male; Pyelonephritis; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Risk Factors; Urine

The maximal urine concentration capacity was studied in patients with acute pyelonephritis and in patients with clinically diagnosed acute cystitis. In the former group renal concentration ability was reduced in 16 of 22 patients and improved in all but two patients. Among patients with symptoms of acute cystitis 6 of 22 had a concentration capacity below 2 SD of normal values. Several of these patients had raised acute phase proteins and increased their urine osmolality at follow-up indicating that cases of acute pyelonephritis could have been included. It is concluded that the wide overlap between the groups makes the maximal urinary concentration capacity a method of limited value for level diagnosis in acute UTI infection. The test should be reserved for follow-up to reveal permanent renal damage.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bacteriuria; Cystitis; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin; Female; Humans; Kidney Concentrating Ability; Kidney Tubules, Distal; Male; Middle Aged; Osmolar Concentration; Pyelonephritis; Urinary Tract Infections