deamino-arginine-vasopressin and Cerebral-Infarction

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amantadine; Cerebral Infarction; Cholinergic Antagonists; Cognition Disorders; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin; Diagnosis, Differential; Donepezil; Humans; Indans; Levodopa; Piperidines; Quality of Life; Serotonin Agents; Urination Disorders

Hypothermia has been demonstrated to induce pancytopenia in animals, but whether this association exists in humans is unknown. The authors report the case of an 8-year-old girl in whom hypothermia (temperature 33 degrees C-35 degrees C) is the cause of pancytopenia. The patient developed thermoregulatory dysfunction subsequent to surgical resection of a craniopharyngioma. Her recurrent cytopenias could not be explained by any etiology except chronic hypothermia. The pancytopenia improved upon rewarming the patient to a temperature of 36 degrees C. This association between hypothermia and pancytopenia has rarely been reported in humans and may be underdiagnosed especially in cases of transient or milder presentations. The authors recommend careful hematologic monitoring of patients with thermoregulatory dysfunction.

Topics: Adrenal Insufficiency; Blood Cell Count; Cerebral Infarction; Child; Chronic Disease; Consciousness Disorders; Craniopharyngioma; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin; Dehydration; Diabetes Insipidus; Female; Frontal Lobe; Humans; Hyponatremia; Hypophysectomy; Hypopituitarism; Hypothalamus; Hypothermia; Hypothyroidism; Pancreatitis; Pancytopenia; Pituitary Neoplasms; Postoperative Complications; Seizures; Sleep Stages

Speech is an attribute of the human species. Central speech disorders following stroke are unique models for the investigation of the organization of speech. Achievements in neurobiology suggest that there are possible neuroendocrine mechanisms involved in the organization of speech. It is known that the neuropeptide vasotocin, analogous of vasopressin in mammals, modulates various components of vocalization in animals. Furthermore, the positive influence of vasopressin on memory, which plays an important role in the formation of speech, has been described. In this study, speech organization processes and their recovery with the administration of vasopressin (1-desamino-8-D-arginin-vasopressin) to 26 patients with chronic aphasias after stroke were investigated. Results showed that sub-endocrine doses of the neuropeptide with intranasal administration had positive influence primarily on simple forms of speech and secondarily on composite forms. There were no statistically significant differences between the sensory and integrative components of the organization of speech processes with vasopressin. In all cases, the positive effect of the neuropeptide was demonstrated. As a result of the effects, speech regulated by both brain hemispheres improved. It is suggested that the neuropeptide optimizes the activity both in the left and right hemispheres, with primary influence on the right hemisphere. The persistence of the acquired effects is explained by an induction of compensatory processes resulting in the reorganization of the intra-central connections by vasopressin.

Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Aged; Aphasia; Brain; Cerebral Infarction; Comprehension; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin; Dominance, Cerebral; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Speech; Speech Perception; Speech Production Measurement; Vasopressins; Verbal Learning

Nocturia is a common reason for interrupted sleep in post-stroke patients. These patients often have neurogenic bladder overactivity. However, little is known about the possible contribution of nocturnal polyuria in the patients.. We measured the number of nocturia, the circadian plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) level and urinary excretion in 4 patients with stroke.. All patients had nocturnal urinary frequency (three times in one and twice in 3). All patients were revealed to have nocturnal polyuria, and the ratio of nocturnal urinary output to 24 hour volume ranged from 36% to 63%. Measurement of daily plasma AVP variation showed that all patients lost normal nocturnal rise of the plasma AVP concentration. Two patients were successfully treated with 5 mug of intranasal desmopressin once a night, a potent analogue of AVP, without hypertension particularly in the night, signs of congestive cardiac failure or any electrolyte abnormality such as hyponatremia.. Our post-stroke patients had nocturnal polyuria with abnormal circadian rhythm of plasma AVP secretion. Desmopressin reduced nocturnal waking in urination. It also ameliorated nocturnal dehydration that might trigger a stroke recurrence in the patients.

Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Aged; Arginine Vasopressin; Biomarkers; Cerebral Infarction; Circadian Rhythm; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Polyuria; Renal Agents; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Urinary Bladder

Topics: Brain Ischemia; Cerebral Infarction; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin; Female; Humans; Infant; Intraoperative Complications; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Nephrectomy; Peritoneal Dialysis; Preoperative Care