Page last updated: 2024-09-05

dabigatran and Kidney Failure

dabigatran has been researched along with Kidney Failure in 39 studies

Research

Studies (39)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's0 (0.00)29.6817
2010's35 (89.74)24.3611
2020's4 (10.26)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Eikelboom, JW; Elsaesser, A; Glund, S; Hylek, EM; Pollack, CV; Reilly, P; van Ryn, J; Weitz, JI1
Młodawska, E; Sobkowicz, B; Tomaszuk-Kazberuk, A; van Ryn, J; Łopatowska, P1
Damulevičienė, G; Galaunė, V; Gumbrevičius, G; Gumbrevičiūtė, M1
Lobastov, KV; Schastlivtsev, IV1
Ageno, W; Casella, IB; Chee, KH; Desch, M; Goldhaber, SZ; Schellong, S; Schulman, S; Singer, DE; Tang, W; Voccia, I; Zint, K1
Medlicott, NJ; Reith, DM; Simpson, BH; Smith, AJ1
Cuccia, C; Enea, I; Fresco, C; Paciaroni, M; Patti, G; Pecora, D; Rocca, B; Rubboli, A1
Brodmann, M; Gary, T; Hackl, G; Jud, P; Portugaller, R; Tiesenhausen, K1
Gradišek, P; Krevel, B; Mavri, A; Mijovski, MB; Stecher, A; Vene, N1
Burnett, AE; Dobesh, PP; Fanikos, J; Mahan, CE1
Gersh, BJ; Noseworthy, PA; Sangaralingham, LR; Shah, ND; Yao, X1
Albendin Iglesias, H; Andreu Cayuelas, JM; Bailen Lorenzo, JL; Caro Martínez, C; Cerezo Manchado, JJ; Elvira Ruiz, G; Flores Blanco, PJ; García Alberola, A; Januzzi, JL; Manzano-Fernández, S1
Gan, G; Glund, S; Grottke, O; Honickel, M; Moschetti, V; Reilly, P; Van Ryn, J1
Brennan, Y; Curnow, J; Favaloro, EJ; Keenan, H; Pasalic, L1
Padrini, R1
Gómez-Mantilla, JD; Hanke, N; Lehr, T; Maas, H; Moj, D; Schaeftlein, A1
Schulman, S1
Bock, F; Hartung, K; Isermann, B; Meyer, F1
Dalmau, FG1
Attia, JR; Pearce, R1
Böhm, M; Dichgans, M; Diener, HC; Ell, C; Endres, M; Epple, C; Grond, M; Laufs, U; Nickenig, G; Riess, H; Röther, J; Schellinger, PD; Spannagl, M; Steiner, T; Veltkamp, R1
Assayag, P; Berthelot, E; Desconclois, C; Lavenu-Bombled, C; Orostegui-Giron, L1
Chan, BS; Chiew, AL; Khamoudes, D1
Chatterjee, S; Halperin, JL; Herzog, E; Mukherjee, D; Nairooz, R; Sardar, P1
Hvas, AM; Skjødt-Jensen, AM1
Bender, J; Bryant, G; Koenigsfeld, C; Lehman, N; Logemann, C; Sayler, M1
Brueckmann, M; Clemens, A; Feuring, M; Frostick, SP; Gullberg, J; Kleine, E; Rosencher, N; Samama, CM1
De Smet, M; Gansser, D; Glund, S; Haazen, W; Kreuzer, J; Lang, B; Moschetti, V; Norris, S; Reilly, P; Schmohl, M; Stangier, J; van Ryn, J1
Barra, ME; Connors, JM; Fanikos, J; Goldhaber, SZ; Piazza, G; Sylvester, KW1
Amiral, J; Eriksson, BI; Feuring, M; Haertter, S; Mikuska, Z; Nehmiz, G; Stangier, J; Weitz, JI1
Ako, J; Fujiishi, T; Fukaya, H; Horiguchi, A; Igarashi, T; Ishizue, N; Kishihara, J; Murakami, M; Nakamura, H; Nishinarita, R; Niwano, S; Oikawa, J; Satoh, A; Yoshizawa, T1
Barrera, LH; Ceresetto, J; Duboscq, C; Girardi, B; Hoyhamburu, J; López, MS; Martinuzzo, ME; Otaso, JC; Otero, V; Penchasky, D; Stemmelin, G; Viñuales, ES1
Glund, S; Haazen, W; Harada, A; Ikushima, I; Imazu, S; Lang, B; Moschetti, V; Norris, S; Ramael, S; Reilly, PA; Stangier, J1
Mazur, D; Rathgen, K; Stähle, H; Stangier, J1
Clemens, A; Dahl, OE; Eriksson, BI; Kurth, AA; Noack, H; Rosencher, N1
Bell, S; Dawes, M; Nand, J; Spriggs, D; Young, L1
Tripodi, A1
Crowther, MA; Siegal, DM1

Reviews

11 review(s) available for dabigatran and Kidney Failure

ArticleYear
[Peculiarities of the treatment of venous thromboembolism with direct oral anticoagulants in challenging patients: senile age, renal failure, fragility].
    Khirurgiia, 2020, Issue:7

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Age Factors; Aged; Antithrombins; Dabigatran; Frail Elderly; Humans; Pyrazoles; Pyridones; Renal Insufficiency; Rivaroxaban; Venous Thromboembolism

2020
Renal Function Considerations for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation.
    The American journal of medicine, 2017, Volume: 130, Issue:9

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Anticoagulants; Antithrombins; Atrial Fibrillation; Dabigatran; Embolism; Factor Xa Inhibitors; Hemorrhage; Humans; Pharmaceutical Research; Pyrazoles; Pyridines; Pyridones; Renal Insufficiency; Risk Assessment; Rivaroxaban; Stroke; Therapeutic Equivalency; Thiazoles; Warfarin

2017
Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Patients with Renal Failure.
    European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics, 2019, Volume: 44, Issue:1

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Anticoagulants; Atrial Fibrillation; Dabigatran; Hemorrhage; Humans; Renal Insufficiency; Rivaroxaban

2019
New anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation management.
    Thrombosis research, 2013, Volume: 131 Suppl 1

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Age Factors; Aged; Anticoagulants; Atrial Fibrillation; Benzimidazoles; beta-Alanine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Coumarins; Dabigatran; Female; Hematology; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazoles; Pyridones; Renal Insufficiency; Sex Factors; Warfarin

2013
[From heparin to apixaban: anticoagulants cut both ways?].
    Zentralblatt fur Chirurgie, 2014, Volume: 139, Issue:1

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Anticoagulants; Benzimidazoles; Blood Coagulation Tests; Dabigatran; Drug Interactions; Factor Xa Inhibitors; Fondaparinux; Heparin; Humans; International Normalized Ratio; Liver Failure; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Morpholines; Perioperative Care; Polysaccharides; Pyrazoles; Pyridines; Pyridones; Renal Insufficiency; Rivaroxaban; Thiophenes; Thrombocytopenia; Thrombosis; Vitamin K

2014
[The new oral anticoagulants in special populations].
    Medicina clinica, 2012, Volume: 139 Suppl 2

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Age Factors; Anticoagulants; Benzimidazoles; Contraindications; Dabigatran; Embolism; Humans; Morpholines; Obesity; Pyrazoles; Pyridines; Pyridones; Renal Insufficiency; Rivaroxaban; Stroke; Thiophenes; Thrombosis

2012
Recommendations for the emergency management of complications associated with the new direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), apixaban, dabigatran and rivaroxaban.
    Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society, 2013, Volume: 102, Issue:6

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Anticoagulants; Antithrombins; Benzimidazoles; beta-Alanine; Dabigatran; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hemorrhage; Humans; Morpholines; Pyrazoles; Pyridones; Renal Insufficiency; Rivaroxaban; Thiophenes

2013
Novel oral anticoagulants in patients with renal insufficiency: a meta-analysis of randomized trials.
    The Canadian journal of cardiology, 2014, Volume: 30, Issue:8

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Anticoagulants; Benzimidazoles; beta-Alanine; Dabigatran; Hemorrhage; Humans; Morpholines; Pyrazoles; Pyridones; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Renal Insufficiency; Rivaroxaban; Stroke; Thiophenes; Thromboembolism

2014
Thromboprophylaxis in patients older than 75 years or with moderate renal impairment undergoing knee or hip replacement surgery [corrected].
    International orthopaedics, 2012, Volume: 36, Issue:4

    Topics: Aged; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Benzimidazoles; beta-Alanine; Blood Loss, Surgical; Dabigatran; Double-Blind Method; Enoxaparin; Fibrinolytic Agents; Humans; Prospective Studies; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Renal Insufficiency; Venous Thromboembolism

2012
The laboratory and the new oral anticoagulants.
    Clinical chemistry, 2013, Volume: 59, Issue:2

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Anticoagulants; Benzimidazoles; beta-Alanine; Blood Coagulation Tests; Dabigatran; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Drug Monitoring; Hemostasis; Humans; Liver Diseases; Morpholines; Pyrazoles; Pyridones; Renal Insufficiency; Rivaroxaban; Thiophenes

2013
Acute management of bleeding in patients on novel oral anticoagulants.
    European heart journal, 2013, Volume: 34, Issue:7

    Topics: Acute Disease; Administration, Oral; Aged; Anticoagulants; Antithrombins; Benzimidazoles; beta-Alanine; Blood Coagulation Tests; Dabigatran; Drug Therapy, Combination; Factor Xa Inhibitors; Hemorrhage; Hemostatics; Humans; Morpholines; Plasma; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazoles; Pyridones; Renal Dialysis; Renal Insufficiency; Risk Factors; Rivaroxaban; Thiophenes

2013

Trials

5 trial(s) available for dabigatran and Kidney Failure

ArticleYear
Observational study of dabigatran etexilate 150mg in patients with moderate renal impairment undergoing elective total hip or knee replacement.
    Thrombosis research, 2016, Volume: 143

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antithrombins; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Dabigatran; Female; Hemorrhage; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Renal Insufficiency; Treatment Outcome; Venous Thromboembolism

2016
Effect of Age and Renal Function on Idarucizumab Pharmacokinetics and Idarucizumab-Mediated Reversal of Dabigatran Anticoagulant Activity in a Randomized, Double-Blind, Crossover Phase Ib Study.
    Clinical pharmacokinetics, 2017, Volume: 56, Issue:1

    Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antithrombins; Area Under Curve; Blood Coagulation; Cross-Over Studies; Dabigatran; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Kidney Function Tests; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Middle Aged; Partial Thromboplastin Time; Renal Insufficiency; Time Factors

2017
An open-label study of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dabigatran etexilate 150mg once daily in Caucasian patients with moderate renal impairment undergoing primary unilateral elective total knee or hip replacement surgery.
    Thrombosis research, 2016, Volume: 144

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antithrombins; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Canada; Dabigatran; Europe; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Renal Insufficiency; Venous Thromboembolism; White People

2016
Evaluation of the immunogenicity of the dabigatran reversal agent idarucizumab during Phase I studies.
    British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2017, Volume: 83, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antibodies, Neutralizing; Antithrombins; Blood Coagulation; Dabigatran; Double-Blind Method; Epitopes; Healthy Volunteers; Hemorrhage; Humans; Luminescence; Middle Aged; Renal Insufficiency; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult

2017
Influence of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral dabigatran etexilate: an open-label, parallel-group, single-centre study.
    Clinical pharmacokinetics, 2010, Volume: 49, Issue:4

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anticoagulants; Area Under Curve; Benzimidazoles; Creatinine; Dabigatran; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Middle Aged; Pyridines; Renal Dialysis; Renal Insufficiency; Severity of Illness Index

2010

Other Studies

23 other study(ies) available for dabigatran and Kidney Failure

ArticleYear
Dabigatran Reversal With Idarucizumab in Patients With Renal Impairment.
    Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2019, 10-08, Volume: 74, Issue:14

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antithrombins; Blood Coagulation; Cohort Studies; Dabigatran; Female; Hemorrhage; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Renal Insufficiency; Treatment Outcome

2019
Redistribution of dabigatran after idarucizumab administration in a 90-year-old woman with renal failure due to persistent large intestinal bleeding.
    Polish archives of internal medicine, 2019, 12-23, Volume: 129, Issue:12

    Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antithrombins; Dabigatran; Female; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans; Renal Insufficiency

2019
Possible Interaction between Dabigatran and Ranolazine in Patients with Renal Failure.
    Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 2019, Dec-29, Volume: 56, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged; Blood Coagulation; Cough; Dabigatran; Drug Interactions; Dyspnea; Factor Xa Inhibitors; Fatigue; Fever; Humans; Male; Ranolazine; Renal Insufficiency

2019
Profile of patients diagnosed with acute venous thromboembolism in routine practice according to age and renal function: RE-COVERY DVT/PE study.
    Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis, 2021, Volume: 51, Issue:3

    Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Anticoagulants; Antithrombins; Blood Coagulation; Comorbidity; Dabigatran; Female; Global Health; Humans; Kidney Function Tests; Male; Practice Patterns, Physicians'; Renal Insufficiency; Risk Adjustment; Severity of Illness Index; Venous Thromboembolism; Warfarin

2021
Monitoring the use of dabigatran etexilate for stroke prevention: compliance with renal function guidelines.
    Journal of primary health care, 2020, Volume: 12, Issue:4

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antithrombins; Creatinine; Dabigatran; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Monitoring; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; New Zealand; Primary Health Care; Renal Insufficiency; Retrospective Studies; Socioeconomic Factors; Stroke

2020
How lower doses of direct oral anticoagulants are interpreted in clinical practice: a national survey of the Italian Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology (ATVB) Study Group.
    Journal of cardiovascular medicine (Hagerstown, Md.), 2021, Dec-01, Volume: 22, Issue:11

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Anticoagulants; Atherosclerosis; Atrial Fibrillation; Dabigatran; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Factor Xa Inhibitors; Humans; Italy; Pyrazoles; Pyridines; Pyridones; Renal Insufficiency; Rivaroxaban; Surveys and Questionnaires; Thiazoles; Thrombosis; Treatment Outcome

2021
Renal failure caused by a partly calcified aortic aneurysm in a patient with dabigatran therapy: A case report.
    Medicine, 2017, Volume: 96, Issue:17

    Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Antithrombins; Aortic Aneurysm; Dabigatran; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Melena; Renal Insufficiency; Vascular Calcification

2017
Late rebound of dabigatran levels after idarucizumab reversal in two patients with severe renal failure.
    European journal of anaesthesiology, 2017, Volume: 34, Issue:6

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antithrombins; Dabigatran; Female; Hemorrhage; Humans; Renal Insufficiency; Severity of Illness Index; Time Factors

2017
Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulant Dosing in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Renal Dysfunction.
    Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2017, Jun-13, Volume: 69, Issue:23

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antithrombins; Atrial Fibrillation; Dabigatran; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Factor Xa Inhibitors; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hemorrhage; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Pyrazoles; Pyridones; Renal Insufficiency; Retrospective Studies; Rivaroxaban; Stroke; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; United States; Vitamin K; Young Adult

2017
Kidney function monitoring and nonvitamin K oral anticoagulant dosage in atrial fibrillation.
    European journal of clinical investigation, 2018, Volume: 48, Issue:6

    Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticoagulants; Antithrombins; Atrial Fibrillation; Creatinine; Dabigatran; Drug Monitoring; Factor Xa Inhibitors; Female; Guideline Adherence; Humans; Kidney Function Tests; Male; Multivariate Analysis; Odds Ratio; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Pyrazoles; Pyridones; Registries; Renal Insufficiency; Retrospective Studies; Rivaroxaban; Stroke

2018
The Renal Elimination Pathways of the Dabigatran Reversal Agent Idarucizumab and its Impact on Dabigatran Elimination.
    Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis, 2018, Volume: 24, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Blood Coagulation; Dabigatran; Humans; Kidney; Rats; Renal Elimination; Renal Insufficiency; Swine

2018
Lessons learnt from local real-life experience with idarucizumab for the reversal of dabigatran.
    Internal medicine journal, 2019, Volume: 49, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Anticoagulants; Australia; Blood Coagulation; Dabigatran; Female; Hemorrhage; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Partial Thromboplastin Time; Renal Insufficiency; Retrospective Studies; Thrombin Time

2019
A Comprehensive Whole-Body Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model of Dabigatran Etexilate, Dabigatran and Dabigatran Glucuronide in Healthy Adults and Renally Impaired Patients.
    Clinical pharmacokinetics, 2019, Volume: 58, Issue:12

    Topics: Adult; Antithrombins; Dabigatran; Glucuronides; Humans; Models, Biological; Renal Insufficiency

2019
The use, misuse and abuse of dabigatran.
    The Medical journal of Australia, 2013, Apr-15, Volume: 198, Issue:7

    Topics: Advertising; Anticoagulants; Antithrombins; Aspirin; Australia; Benzimidazoles; beta-Alanine; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dabigatran; Drug Interactions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Hemorrhage; Humans; Myocardial Infarction; Patient Selection; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Renal Insufficiency; Research Design; Selection Bias; Stroke; Warfarin

2013
Impaired renal function and bleeding in elderly treated with dabigatran.
    Blood coagulation & fibrinolysis : an international journal in haemostasis and thrombosis, 2014, Volume: 25, Issue:6

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antithrombins; Atrial Fibrillation; Benzimidazoles; beta-Alanine; Dabigatran; Drug Dosage Calculations; Female; Hemorrhage; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Function Tests; Male; Renal Insufficiency; Stroke

2014
Use of continuous veno-venous haemodiafiltration therapy in dabigatran overdose.
    Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2014, Volume: 52, Issue:4

    Topics: Aged; Antithrombins; Benzimidazoles; Dabigatran; Drug Overdose; Hemodiafiltration; Humans; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Polypharmacy; Pyridines; Renal Insufficiency; Severity of Illness Index; Treatment Outcome

2014
[Serious bleeding as a consequence of accumulation of dabigatran caused by renal failure].
    Ugeskrift for laeger, 2014, Jun-09, Volume: 176, Issue:24

    Topics: Aged; Antithrombins; Atrial Fibrillation; Dabigatran; Hemorrhage; Humans; Male; Renal Dialysis; Renal Insufficiency

2014
Left subconjunctival hemorrhage · renal dysfunction · international normalized ratio of 4.5 · Dx?
    The Journal of family practice, 2015, Volume: 64, Issue:10

    Topics: Aged; Antithrombins; Atrial Fibrillation; Conjunctival Diseases; Dabigatran; Drug Interactions; Drug Substitution; Eye Hemorrhage; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; International Normalized Ratio; Liver Transplantation; Renal Insufficiency; Tacrolimus; Treatment Outcome

2015
Evaluation of Dose-Reduced Direct Oral Anticoagulant Therapy.
    The American journal of medicine, 2016, Volume: 129, Issue:11

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antithrombins; Aspirin; Atrial Fibrillation; Comorbidity; Creatinine; Dabigatran; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Factor Xa Inhibitors; Female; Hemorrhage; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazoles; Pyridones; Renal Insufficiency; Retrospective Studies; Rivaroxaban; Stroke; Venous Thromboembolism

2016
Safety of low-dose dabigatran in patients with atrial fibrillation and mild renal insufficiency.
    Journal of cardiology, 2017, Volume: 69, Issue:3

    Topics: Aged; Antithrombins; Atrial Fibrillation; Dabigatran; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Hemorrhage; Humans; Male; Partial Thromboplastin Time; Renal Insufficiency; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Stroke; Thromboembolism

2017
[Renal function and plasma dabigatran level measured at trough by diluted thrombin time assay].
    Medicina, 2017, Volume: 77, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antithrombins; Creatinine; Dabigatran; Drug Monitoring; Female; Humans; Kidney Function Tests; Male; Middle Aged; Partial Thromboplastin Time; Renal Insufficiency; Thrombin Time; Young Adult

2017
Bleeding with dabigatran (Pradaxa).
    The Medical letter on drugs and therapeutics, 2011, Dec-12, Volume: 53, Issue:1379-1380

    Topics: Antithrombins; Benzimidazoles; Dabigatran; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Hemorrhage; Humans; Pyridines; Renal Insufficiency; Stroke

2011
Initial experience with dabigatran etexilate at Auckland City Hospital.
    The New Zealand medical journal, 2012, Feb-10, Volume: 125, Issue:1349

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antithrombin Proteins; Atrial Fibrillation; Benzimidazoles; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dabigatran; Female; Hemorrhage; Hospitals, Urban; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; New Zealand; Patient Selection; Pyridines; Renal Insufficiency; Retrospective Studies

2012