Page last updated: 2024-10-17

cytosine and HIV

cytosine has been researched along with HIV in 24 studies

HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"A new homogeneous electrochemical sensing strategy based on exonuclease III-assisted target recycling amplification was utilized for simple, rapid and highly sensitive detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) DNA on an immobilization-free Ag(I)-assisted hairpin DNA through the cytosine-Ag(+)-cytosine coordination chemistry."3.81Exonuclease III-based target recycling for ultrasensitive homogeneous monitoring of HIV DNA using Ag(+)-coordinated hairpin probe. ( Deng, K; Fu, WL; Sun, AL, 2015)
" Nature 1986;323:464-7], the acyclic nucleoside phosphonates have acquired a prominent therapeutic position: (i) cidofovir in the treatment of papilloma-, herpes-, adeno- and poxvirus infections, (ii) adefovir in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections, and (iii) tenofovir in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections (AIDS)."3.74Acyclic nucleoside phosphonates: past, present and future. Bridging chemistry to HIV, HBV, HCV, HPV, adeno-, herpes-, and poxvirus infections: the phosphonate bridge. ( De Clercq, E, 2007)
"Nucleotide compositions of the HIV subfamily and HTLV 1/2 genomes are strongly biased in a remarkably opposite way; HIV is adenine-rich and cytosine-poor while HTLV 1/2 is cytosine-rich and adenine-poor."3.67Nucleotide composition bias and CpG dinucleotide content in the genomes of HIV and HTLV 1/2. ( Kypr, J; Mrázek, J; Reich, J, 1989)
" The persistence of activated metabolites suggests that infrequent dosing may be possible due to a prolonged antiviral effect."2.38Biochemical pharmacology of acyclic nucleotide analogues. ( Bronson, JJ; De Boeck, H; Ghazzouli, I; Hitchcock, MJ; Ho, HT; Martin, JC; Woods, K, 1990)
" Indeed, achieving the desired therapeutic outcome in the absence of an effective means of targeted delivery must rely on dosage escalation, which frequently causes severe toxicity."1.46Overcoming the Hydrolytic Lability of a Reaction Intermediate in Production of Protein/Drug Conjugates: Conjugation of an Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonate to a Model Carrier Protein. ( Kaltashov, IA; Xu, S, 2017)
" Low levels of DDC also were detected with a peak concentration of 1."1.29Synthesis and pharmacokinetics of a dihydropyridine chemical delivery system for the antiimmunodeficiency virus agent dideoxycytidine. ( Greig, NH; Khamnei, S; Kinjo, J; Torrence, PF, 1993)

Research

Studies (24)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19902 (8.33)18.7374
1990's11 (45.83)18.2507
2000's6 (25.00)29.6817
2010's5 (20.83)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Xu, S1
Kaltashov, IA1
LaMere, SA1
Chaillon, A1
Huynh, C1
Smith, DM1
Gianella, S1
Sun, AL1
Deng, K1
Fu, WL1
Tichý, T1
Andrei, G2
Dračínský, M1
Holý, A1
Balzarini, J3
Snoeck, R3
Krečmerová, M2
Otmar, M1
Aukrust, P1
Luna, L1
Ueland, T1
Johansen, RF1
Müller, F1
Frøland, SS1
Seeberg, EC1
Bjørås, M1
Gu, C1
Wang, Y1
De Clercq, E3
Suzuki, T1
Okada, T1
Otsuka, C1
Moriyama, K1
Loakes, D1
Negishi, K1
Ma, TW1
Min, JM1
Zhang, LH1
Bednarik, DP1
Torrence, PF1
Kinjo, J1
Khamnei, S1
Greig, NH1
Du, J1
Surzhykov, S1
Lin, JS1
Newton, MG1
Cheng, YC1
Schinazi, RF1
Chu, CK1
Gasnault, J1
Taoufik, Y1
Goujard, C1
Kousignian, P1
Abbed, K1
Boue, F1
Dussaix, E1
Delfraissy, JF1
Orlando, G1
Fasolo, MM1
Beretta, R1
Signori, R1
Adriani, B1
Zanchetta, N1
Cargnel, A1
Martinez, A1
Esteban, A1
Castro, A1
Gil, C1
Conde, S1
De Luca, A1
Giancola, ML1
Ammassari, A1
Grisetti, S1
Cingolani, A1
Paglia, MG1
Govoni, A1
Murri, R1
Testa, L1
Monforte, AD1
Antinori, A1
Torres, G1
Giovannangéli, C1
Rougée, M1
Garestier, T1
Thuong, NT1
Hélène, C1
Kochetkova, MV1
Tsytovich, AV1
Mitsner, BI1
Bronson, JJ1
Ho, HT1
De Boeck, H1
Woods, K1
Ghazzouli, I1
Martin, JC1
Hitchcock, MJ1
Lagneaux, L1
Delforge, A1
Bron, D1
Van der Auwera, P1
Stryckmans, P1
Kypr, J1
Mrázek, J1
Reich, J1
Hayashi, S1
Phadtare, S1
Zemlicka, J1
Matsukura, M1
Mitsuya, H1
Broder, S1

Clinical Trials (1)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Open Label Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Impact of Prophylactic Exposure to Tenofovir Gel on the Efficacy of Subsequent Tenofovir-containing Antiretroviral Therapy on Viral Suppression[NCT01387022]59 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-06-30Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Change in CD4+ Cell Count From Randomisation to 12 Months Post-randomisation

Difference between 12 months and randomisation CD4+ count was calculated and then summarised (NCT01387022)
Timeframe: Measured at 12 months post ART initiation

Interventioncells/uL (Median)
Tenofovir-containing Regimen217
Tenofovir-sparing Regimen174

Reported Adverse Events With Severity Grades 3 and 4 Based on the DAIDS Toxicity Grading Tables

(NCT01387022)
Timeframe: From randomisation until either time of termination or time of death

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Tenofovir-containing Regimen7
Tenofovir-sparing Regimen12

Tenofovir Resistance, Defined as Presence of K65R, K70E or Any of the TAMS Mutations

(NCT01387022)
Timeframe: From randomisation until either time of termination or time of death

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Tenofovir-containing Regimen1
Tenofovir-sparing Regimen1

The Antiretroviral Treatment Failure Rate at 12 Months.

Treatment failure is defined as viral load > 50 copies/ml, antiretroviral regimen changes for treatment failure or death (NCT01387022)
Timeframe: 12 months post ART intiation or until time of death

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Tenofovir-containing Regimen4
Tenofovir-sparing Regimen5

Reviews

4 reviews available for cytosine and HIV

ArticleYear
Challenges in Quantifying Cytosine Methylation in the HIV Provirus.
    mBio, 2019, 01-22, Volume: 10, Issue:1

    Topics: Cytosine; DNA Methylation; DNA, Viral; Epigenesis, Genetic; Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; HIV;

2019
5-azacytosine compounds in medicinal chemistry: current stage and future perspectives.
    Future medicinal chemistry, 2012, Volume: 4, Issue:8

    Topics: Animals; Anti-HIV Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Azacitidine; Cytosine; DNA Methylation; Drug Discov

2012
DNA methylation and retrovirus expression.
    EXS, 1993, Volume: 64

    Topics: 5-Methylcytosine; Animals; Base Sequence; Cytosine; Dinucleoside Phosphates; DNA; DNA Probes; DNA Re

1993
Biochemical pharmacology of acyclic nucleotide analogues.
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1990, Volume: 616

    Topics: Adenine; Antiviral Agents; Cells, Cultured; Cidofovir; Cytosine; HIV; Humans; Nucleotides; Organopho

1990

Trials

2 trials available for cytosine and HIV

ArticleYear
Cidofovir added to HAART improves virological and clinical outcome in AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.
    AIDS (London, England), 2000, Sep-29, Volume: 14, Issue:14

    Topics: Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cerebrospinal F

2000
Opportunistic infection highlights from the 35th ICAAC.
    GMHC treatment issues : the Gay Men's Health Crisis newsletter of experimental AIDS therapies, 1995, Volume: 9, Issue:10

    Topics: Acyclovir; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antiviral Agents; Bacterial Vaccines; CD4 Lymphocy

1995

Other Studies

18 other studies available for cytosine and HIV

ArticleYear
Overcoming the Hydrolytic Lability of a Reaction Intermediate in Production of Protein/Drug Conjugates: Conjugation of an Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonate to a Model Carrier Protein.
    Molecular pharmaceutics, 2017, 08-07, Volume: 14, Issue:8

    Topics: Adenine; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Chromatography, Liquid; Cidofovir; Cytosine; HIV; Nucleosides

2017
Exonuclease III-based target recycling for ultrasensitive homogeneous monitoring of HIV DNA using Ag(+)-coordinated hairpin probe.
    Biosensors & bioelectronics, 2015, Dec-15, Volume: 74

    Topics: Base Sequence; Biosensing Techniques; Coordination Complexes; Cytosine; DNA Probes; DNA, Viral; Elec

2015
New prodrugs of Adefovir and Cidofovir.
    Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 2011, Jun-01, Volume: 19, Issue:11

    Topics: Adenine; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Cidofovir; Cytomegalovirus; Cytosine; Herpesvi

2011
Impaired base excision repair and accumulation of oxidative base lesions in CD4+ T cells of HIV-infected patients.
    Blood, 2005, Jun-15, Volume: 105, Issue:12

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; CD

2005
Thermodynamic and in vitro replication studies of an intrastrand G[8-5]C cross-link lesion.
    Biochemistry, 2005, Jun-21, Volume: 44, Issue:24

    Topics: Base Sequence; Binding Sites; Calorimetry; Cytosine; DNA Primers; DNA Replication; Guanine; HIV; Kin

2005
Acyclic nucleoside phosphonates: past, present and future. Bridging chemistry to HIV, HBV, HCV, HPV, adeno-, herpes-, and poxvirus infections: the phosphonate bridge.
    Biochemical pharmacology, 2007, Apr-01, Volume: 73, Issue:7

    Topics: Adenine; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Cidofovir; Cytosine; Hepacivirus; Hepatitis B virus; HIV; Humans

2007
Mutagenic properties of ribonucleotide analogues in reverse transcription with HIV and AMV reverse transcriptases.
    Nucleic acids symposium series (2004), 2005, Issue:49

    Topics: Avian Myeloblastosis Virus; Base Pairing; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cytosine; HIV; Mutat

2005
Synthesis of galactosyl phosphate diester derivatives of nucleosides.
    Carbohydrate research, 1994, May-05, Volume: 257, Issue:2

    Topics: Adenine; Antiviral Agents; Cytomegalovirus; Cytosine; HIV; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Magnetic

1994
Synthesis and pharmacokinetics of a dihydropyridine chemical delivery system for the antiimmunodeficiency virus agent dideoxycytidine.
    Journal of medicinal chemistry, 1993, Mar-05, Volume: 36, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Biotransformation; Brain; Cytosine; Cytosol; Dihydropyridines; Drug Carriers; HIV; HIV-1; H

1993
Synthesis, anti-human immunodeficiency virus and anti-hepatitis B virus activities of novel oxaselenolane nucleosides.
    Journal of medicinal chemistry, 1997, Sep-12, Volume: 40, Issue:19

    Topics: Anti-HIV Agents; Antiviral Agents; Cytosine; Flucytosine; Hepatitis B virus; HIV; Humans; Indicators

1997
Prolonged survival without neurological improvement in patients with AIDS-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy on potent combined antiretroviral therapy.
    Journal of neurovirology, 1999, Volume: 5, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Anti-HIV Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cidofovir; Cyto

1999
Intralesional or topical cidofovir (HPMPC, VISTIDE) for the treatment of recurrent genital warts in HIV-1-infected patients.
    AIDS (London, England), 1999, Oct-01, Volume: 13, Issue:14

    Topics: Administration, Topical; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antiviral Agents; Cidofovir; Condylo

1999
Thienothiadiazine 2,2-dioxide acyclonucleosides: synthesis and antiviral activity.
    Antiviral chemistry & chemotherapy, 2000, Volume: 11, Issue:3

    Topics: Antiviral Agents; Cells, Cultured; Cytomegalovirus; Cytosine; Fibroblasts; Herpesvirus 3, Human; HIV

2000
Triple-helix formation by oligonucleotides containing the three bases thymine, cytosine, and guanine.
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1992, Sep-15, Volume: 89, Issue:18

    Topics: Base Sequence; Cross-Linking Reagents; Cytosine; DNA, Viral; Furocoumarins; Guanine; HIV; Hydrogen B

1992
A convenient approach to the synthesis of nucleic acid bases allenic derivatives, possessing anti-HIV activity.
    Nucleic acids symposium series, 1991, Issue:24

    Topics: Adenine; Antiviral Agents; Cytosine; HIV; Indicators and Reagents

1991
Inhibitory effects of potent inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus and cytomegalovirus on the growth of human granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells in vitro.
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 1990, Volume: 9, Issue:8

    Topics: Adenine; Adult; Antiviral Agents; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Cells, Cultured; Cidofovir; Cytome

1990
Nucleotide composition bias and CpG dinucleotide content in the genomes of HIV and HTLV 1/2.
    Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1989, Dec-22, Volume: 1009, Issue:3

    Topics: Adenine; Base Composition; Cytidine; Cytosine; HIV; Human T-lymphotropic virus 1; Human T-lymphotrop

1989
Adenallene and cytallene: acyclic-nucleoside analogues that inhibit replication and cytopathic effect of human immunodeficiency virus in vitro.
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1988, Volume: 85, Issue:16

    Topics: Adenine; Antiviral Agents; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral; Cytosine; DNA, Viral; Gene Products, gag; H

1988