cytosine and HIV
cytosine has been researched along with HIV in 24 studies
HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.
Research Excerpts
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "A new homogeneous electrochemical sensing strategy based on exonuclease III-assisted target recycling amplification was utilized for simple, rapid and highly sensitive detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) DNA on an immobilization-free Ag(I)-assisted hairpin DNA through the cytosine-Ag(+)-cytosine coordination chemistry." | 3.81 | Exonuclease III-based target recycling for ultrasensitive homogeneous monitoring of HIV DNA using Ag(+)-coordinated hairpin probe. ( Deng, K; Fu, WL; Sun, AL, 2015) |
| " Nature 1986;323:464-7], the acyclic nucleoside phosphonates have acquired a prominent therapeutic position: (i) cidofovir in the treatment of papilloma-, herpes-, adeno- and poxvirus infections, (ii) adefovir in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections, and (iii) tenofovir in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections (AIDS)." | 3.74 | Acyclic nucleoside phosphonates: past, present and future. Bridging chemistry to HIV, HBV, HCV, HPV, adeno-, herpes-, and poxvirus infections: the phosphonate bridge. ( De Clercq, E, 2007) |
| "Nucleotide compositions of the HIV subfamily and HTLV 1/2 genomes are strongly biased in a remarkably opposite way; HIV is adenine-rich and cytosine-poor while HTLV 1/2 is cytosine-rich and adenine-poor." | 3.67 | Nucleotide composition bias and CpG dinucleotide content in the genomes of HIV and HTLV 1/2. ( Kypr, J; Mrázek, J; Reich, J, 1989) |
| " The persistence of activated metabolites suggests that infrequent dosing may be possible due to a prolonged antiviral effect." | 2.38 | Biochemical pharmacology of acyclic nucleotide analogues. ( Bronson, JJ; De Boeck, H; Ghazzouli, I; Hitchcock, MJ; Ho, HT; Martin, JC; Woods, K, 1990) |
| " Indeed, achieving the desired therapeutic outcome in the absence of an effective means of targeted delivery must rely on dosage escalation, which frequently causes severe toxicity." | 1.46 | Overcoming the Hydrolytic Lability of a Reaction Intermediate in Production of Protein/Drug Conjugates: Conjugation of an Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonate to a Model Carrier Protein. ( Kaltashov, IA; Xu, S, 2017) |
| " Low levels of DDC also were detected with a peak concentration of 1." | 1.29 | Synthesis and pharmacokinetics of a dihydropyridine chemical delivery system for the antiimmunodeficiency virus agent dideoxycytidine. ( Greig, NH; Khamnei, S; Kinjo, J; Torrence, PF, 1993) |
Research
Studies (24)
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 2 (8.33) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 11 (45.83) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 6 (25.00) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 5 (20.83) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 0 (0.00) | 2.80 |
Authors
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Xu, S | 1 |
| Kaltashov, IA | 1 |
| LaMere, SA | 1 |
| Chaillon, A | 1 |
| Huynh, C | 1 |
| Smith, DM | 1 |
| Gianella, S | 1 |
| Sun, AL | 1 |
| Deng, K | 1 |
| Fu, WL | 1 |
| Tichý, T | 1 |
| Andrei, G | 2 |
| Dračínský, M | 1 |
| Holý, A | 1 |
| Balzarini, J | 3 |
| Snoeck, R | 3 |
| Krečmerová, M | 2 |
| Otmar, M | 1 |
| Aukrust, P | 1 |
| Luna, L | 1 |
| Ueland, T | 1 |
| Johansen, RF | 1 |
| Müller, F | 1 |
| Frøland, SS | 1 |
| Seeberg, EC | 1 |
| Bjørås, M | 1 |
| Gu, C | 1 |
| Wang, Y | 1 |
| De Clercq, E | 3 |
| Suzuki, T | 1 |
| Okada, T | 1 |
| Otsuka, C | 1 |
| Moriyama, K | 1 |
| Loakes, D | 1 |
| Negishi, K | 1 |
| Ma, TW | 1 |
| Min, JM | 1 |
| Zhang, LH | 1 |
| Bednarik, DP | 1 |
| Torrence, PF | 1 |
| Kinjo, J | 1 |
| Khamnei, S | 1 |
| Greig, NH | 1 |
| Du, J | 1 |
| Surzhykov, S | 1 |
| Lin, JS | 1 |
| Newton, MG | 1 |
| Cheng, YC | 1 |
| Schinazi, RF | 1 |
| Chu, CK | 1 |
| Gasnault, J | 1 |
| Taoufik, Y | 1 |
| Goujard, C | 1 |
| Kousignian, P | 1 |
| Abbed, K | 1 |
| Boue, F | 1 |
| Dussaix, E | 1 |
| Delfraissy, JF | 1 |
| Orlando, G | 1 |
| Fasolo, MM | 1 |
| Beretta, R | 1 |
| Signori, R | 1 |
| Adriani, B | 1 |
| Zanchetta, N | 1 |
| Cargnel, A | 1 |
| Martinez, A | 1 |
| Esteban, A | 1 |
| Castro, A | 1 |
| Gil, C | 1 |
| Conde, S | 1 |
| De Luca, A | 1 |
| Giancola, ML | 1 |
| Ammassari, A | 1 |
| Grisetti, S | 1 |
| Cingolani, A | 1 |
| Paglia, MG | 1 |
| Govoni, A | 1 |
| Murri, R | 1 |
| Testa, L | 1 |
| Monforte, AD | 1 |
| Antinori, A | 1 |
| Torres, G | 1 |
| Giovannangéli, C | 1 |
| Rougée, M | 1 |
| Garestier, T | 1 |
| Thuong, NT | 1 |
| Hélène, C | 1 |
| Kochetkova, MV | 1 |
| Tsytovich, AV | 1 |
| Mitsner, BI | 1 |
| Bronson, JJ | 1 |
| Ho, HT | 1 |
| De Boeck, H | 1 |
| Woods, K | 1 |
| Ghazzouli, I | 1 |
| Martin, JC | 1 |
| Hitchcock, MJ | 1 |
| Lagneaux, L | 1 |
| Delforge, A | 1 |
| Bron, D | 1 |
| Van der Auwera, P | 1 |
| Stryckmans, P | 1 |
| Kypr, J | 1 |
| Mrázek, J | 1 |
| Reich, J | 1 |
| Hayashi, S | 1 |
| Phadtare, S | 1 |
| Zemlicka, J | 1 |
| Matsukura, M | 1 |
| Mitsuya, H | 1 |
| Broder, S | 1 |
Clinical Trials (1)
Trial Overview
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Open Label Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Impact of Prophylactic Exposure to Tenofovir Gel on the Efficacy of Subsequent Tenofovir-containing Antiretroviral Therapy on Viral Suppression[NCT01387022] | 59 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-06-30 | Completed | |||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
Trial Outcomes
Change in CD4+ Cell Count From Randomisation to 12 Months Post-randomisation
Difference between 12 months and randomisation CD4+ count was calculated and then summarised (NCT01387022)
Timeframe: Measured at 12 months post ART initiation
| Intervention | cells/uL (Median) |
|---|---|
| Tenofovir-containing Regimen | 217 |
| Tenofovir-sparing Regimen | 174 |
Reported Adverse Events With Severity Grades 3 and 4 Based on the DAIDS Toxicity Grading Tables
(NCT01387022)
Timeframe: From randomisation until either time of termination or time of death
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Tenofovir-containing Regimen | 7 |
| Tenofovir-sparing Regimen | 12 |
Tenofovir Resistance, Defined as Presence of K65R, K70E or Any of the TAMS Mutations
(NCT01387022)
Timeframe: From randomisation until either time of termination or time of death
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Tenofovir-containing Regimen | 1 |
| Tenofovir-sparing Regimen | 1 |
The Antiretroviral Treatment Failure Rate at 12 Months.
Treatment failure is defined as viral load > 50 copies/ml, antiretroviral regimen changes for treatment failure or death (NCT01387022)
Timeframe: 12 months post ART intiation or until time of death
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Tenofovir-containing Regimen | 4 |
| Tenofovir-sparing Regimen | 5 |
Reviews
4 reviews available for cytosine and HIV
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Challenges in Quantifying Cytosine Methylation in the HIV Provirus.
Topics: Cytosine; DNA Methylation; DNA, Viral; Epigenesis, Genetic; Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; HIV; | 2019 |
5-azacytosine compounds in medicinal chemistry: current stage and future perspectives.
Topics: Animals; Anti-HIV Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Azacitidine; Cytosine; DNA Methylation; Drug Discov | 2012 |
DNA methylation and retrovirus expression.
Topics: 5-Methylcytosine; Animals; Base Sequence; Cytosine; Dinucleoside Phosphates; DNA; DNA Probes; DNA Re | 1993 |
Biochemical pharmacology of acyclic nucleotide analogues.
Topics: Adenine; Antiviral Agents; Cells, Cultured; Cidofovir; Cytosine; HIV; Humans; Nucleotides; Organopho | 1990 |
Trials
2 trials available for cytosine and HIV
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Cidofovir added to HAART improves virological and clinical outcome in AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.
Topics: Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cerebrospinal F | 2000 |
Opportunistic infection highlights from the 35th ICAAC.
Topics: Acyclovir; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antiviral Agents; Bacterial Vaccines; CD4 Lymphocy | 1995 |
Other Studies
18 other studies available for cytosine and HIV
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Overcoming the Hydrolytic Lability of a Reaction Intermediate in Production of Protein/Drug Conjugates: Conjugation of an Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonate to a Model Carrier Protein.
Topics: Adenine; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Chromatography, Liquid; Cidofovir; Cytosine; HIV; Nucleosides | 2017 |
Exonuclease III-based target recycling for ultrasensitive homogeneous monitoring of HIV DNA using Ag(+)-coordinated hairpin probe.
Topics: Base Sequence; Biosensing Techniques; Coordination Complexes; Cytosine; DNA Probes; DNA, Viral; Elec | 2015 |
New prodrugs of Adefovir and Cidofovir.
Topics: Adenine; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Cidofovir; Cytomegalovirus; Cytosine; Herpesvi | 2011 |
Impaired base excision repair and accumulation of oxidative base lesions in CD4+ T cells of HIV-infected patients.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; CD | 2005 |
Thermodynamic and in vitro replication studies of an intrastrand G[8-5]C cross-link lesion.
Topics: Base Sequence; Binding Sites; Calorimetry; Cytosine; DNA Primers; DNA Replication; Guanine; HIV; Kin | 2005 |
Acyclic nucleoside phosphonates: past, present and future. Bridging chemistry to HIV, HBV, HCV, HPV, adeno-, herpes-, and poxvirus infections: the phosphonate bridge.
Topics: Adenine; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Cidofovir; Cytosine; Hepacivirus; Hepatitis B virus; HIV; Humans | 2007 |
Mutagenic properties of ribonucleotide analogues in reverse transcription with HIV and AMV reverse transcriptases.
Topics: Avian Myeloblastosis Virus; Base Pairing; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cytosine; HIV; Mutat | 2005 |
Synthesis of galactosyl phosphate diester derivatives of nucleosides.
Topics: Adenine; Antiviral Agents; Cytomegalovirus; Cytosine; HIV; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Magnetic | 1994 |
Synthesis and pharmacokinetics of a dihydropyridine chemical delivery system for the antiimmunodeficiency virus agent dideoxycytidine.
Topics: Animals; Biotransformation; Brain; Cytosine; Cytosol; Dihydropyridines; Drug Carriers; HIV; HIV-1; H | 1993 |
Synthesis, anti-human immunodeficiency virus and anti-hepatitis B virus activities of novel oxaselenolane nucleosides.
Topics: Anti-HIV Agents; Antiviral Agents; Cytosine; Flucytosine; Hepatitis B virus; HIV; Humans; Indicators | 1997 |
Prolonged survival without neurological improvement in patients with AIDS-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy on potent combined antiretroviral therapy.
Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Anti-HIV Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cidofovir; Cyto | 1999 |
Intralesional or topical cidofovir (HPMPC, VISTIDE) for the treatment of recurrent genital warts in HIV-1-infected patients.
Topics: Administration, Topical; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antiviral Agents; Cidofovir; Condylo | 1999 |
Thienothiadiazine 2,2-dioxide acyclonucleosides: synthesis and antiviral activity.
Topics: Antiviral Agents; Cells, Cultured; Cytomegalovirus; Cytosine; Fibroblasts; Herpesvirus 3, Human; HIV | 2000 |
Triple-helix formation by oligonucleotides containing the three bases thymine, cytosine, and guanine.
Topics: Base Sequence; Cross-Linking Reagents; Cytosine; DNA, Viral; Furocoumarins; Guanine; HIV; Hydrogen B | 1992 |
A convenient approach to the synthesis of nucleic acid bases allenic derivatives, possessing anti-HIV activity.
Topics: Adenine; Antiviral Agents; Cytosine; HIV; Indicators and Reagents | 1991 |
Inhibitory effects of potent inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus and cytomegalovirus on the growth of human granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells in vitro.
Topics: Adenine; Adult; Antiviral Agents; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Cells, Cultured; Cidofovir; Cytome | 1990 |
Nucleotide composition bias and CpG dinucleotide content in the genomes of HIV and HTLV 1/2.
Topics: Adenine; Base Composition; Cytidine; Cytosine; HIV; Human T-lymphotropic virus 1; Human T-lymphotrop | 1989 |
Adenallene and cytallene: acyclic-nucleoside analogues that inhibit replication and cytopathic effect of human immunodeficiency virus in vitro.
Topics: Adenine; Antiviral Agents; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral; Cytosine; DNA, Viral; Gene Products, gag; H | 1988 |