cytochrome-c-t and Kidney-Failure--Chronic

The application of electrolyzed water (EW) at the cathode side to manufacture reverse osmosis (RO) water and hemodialysis (HD) solution can actually lead to less oxidative capacity in chemical terms. The present study examined the biological actions of this water on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), and the clinical feasibility of applying this technology to HD treatment.. RO water using EW (e-RO) exhibited less chemiluminescence in luminol-hydrogen peroxide and higher dissolved hydrogen levels (-99.0 ppb) compared with control RO water. The effects of e-RO on PMN viability were tested. HD using e-RO was performed for 12 consecutive sessions in 8 patients for the feasibility test.. Basal cellular viability and function to generate superoxide radicals of PMNs were better preserved by e-RO application. In the clinical trial, reductions of blood pressure were noted, but no adverse events were observed. There were no changes in the blood dialysis parameters, although methylguanidine levels were significantly decreased at the end of study.. The present study demonstrated the capacity of e-RO to preserve the viability of PMNs, and the clinical feasibility of applying this water for HD treatment. The clinical application of this technology may improve the bio-compatibility of HD treatment.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Cytochromes c; Electrodes; Electrolysis; Feasibility Studies; Female; Hemodialysis Solutions; Hemodynamics; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Luminescent Measurements; Male; Middle Aged; Neutrophils; Osmosis; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Pyruvaldehyde; Renal Dialysis; Respiratory Burst; Superoxides; Water

Inflammation is common in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are released during cell necrosis or apoptosis and induce inflammation. Cell apoptosis is increased in HD patients. The mitochondrial protein cytochrome c, as a marker of released mitochondrial DAMPs, and interleukin-6 (IL-6), as a marker of inflammation, were evaluated in HD patients.. Thirty-four HD patients and 20 controls were enrolled in the study. Serum cytochrome c and IL-6 were measured by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.. Compared to controls, cytochrome c was markedly increased in HD patients (1392.88 ± 905.24 pg/mL vs. 212.95 ± 91.71 pg/mL). IL-6 was also significantly increased in HD patients (50.32 ± 35.89 pg/mL vs. 14.27 ± 6.83 pg/mL). In HD patients serum IL-6 was positively related to serum cytochrome c (r = 0.458).. Both circulating cytochrome c and IL-6 are markedly increased in HD patients. Cytochrome c is positively related to IL-6.

Topics: Aged; Apoptosis; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Cytochromes c; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-6; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Middle Aged; Mitochondrial Proteins; Renal Dialysis