cytochrome-c-t and Hyperlipidemias

Side effects and toxicity have posed a threat to the positive contribution of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Symptoms of mitochondrial toxicity including myopathy, pancreatitis, hyperlipidaemia and lactic acidosis are found among HIVinfected patients on ART. To date, there is not a reliable biomarker for monitoring ART-related mitochondrial toxicity. Plasma level of Cytochrome c (Cyt-c) has been proposed as a potential biomarker for ART-related toxicity due to its strong association with apoptosis.. The present study assessed toxicity and level of plasma Cyt-c among HIV-infected patients receiving ART in Ghana.. A total of eighty (80) HIV patients were recruited into the study. Demographic data were obtained from personal interview and medical records. Plasma samples were screened for toxicity from sixty (60) participants due to limited resources, and plasma Cyt-c levels were determined using ELISA. Data were analyzed using Stata version 13.. Out of the 60 participants, 11 (18.3%) were found with symptoms of myopathy, 12 (20%) with pancreatitis, 21 (35%) with hyperlipidaemia and 36 (60%) with at least one of the symptoms. The concentration of plasma Cyt-c was higher (0.122 ng/ml) in patients with toxicity than in those without toxicity (0.05 ng/ml), though the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.148). There was a weak correlation between plasma Cyt-c level and duration of ART (Spearman rho = 0.02, p = 0.89).. This study, therefore, demonstrated a high prevalence of ART-related toxicity and high levels of Cyt-c in HIV-infected patients in support of the argument that plasma Cyt-c levels are potential biomarkers for determining ART-related toxicity in HIV patients.

Topics: Adult; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cytochromes c; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Female; Ghana; HIV Infections; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Male; Middle Aged; Muscular Diseases; Pancreatitis; Young Adult

The present study was performed to investigate the hepatoprotective and hypolipidaemic effects of a 27 kDa glycoprotein isolated from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (GJE glycoprotein) in glucose/glucose oxidase (G/GO)-treated BNL CL.2 cells, as well as in CCl4, Triton WR-1339 and corn oil-treated mice. In G/GO-treated BNL CL.2 cells, the results showed that GJE glycoprotein has an inhibitory effect on G/GO-induced cytotoxicity and intracellular reactive oxygen species production. In addition, GJE glycoprotein has an anti-oxidant effect against the lipid peroxidation process in the Fe2+/ascorbic acid system. In CCl4 (1.0 mL/kg)-treated mice, pretreatment with GJE glycoprotein (80 mg/kg) blocked lactate dehydrogenase release and the formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. In addition, in these mice GJE resulted in increased nitric oxide production and the activation of anti-oxidant enzymes, accompanied by the inhibition of the cytotoxic-related signals hepatic cytochrome c, nuclear factor-kappaB and activator protein-1. In both Triton WR-1339 (400 mg/kg) and corn oil (1.0 g/kg)-treated mice, pretreatment with GJE glycoprotein (80 mg/kg) lowered the levels of plasma lipoproteins (triglyceride, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein). On the basis of these results, we assume that GJE glycoprotein can ameliorate liver function, because it has hepatoprotective and hypolipidaemic activities.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Carbon Tetrachloride; Corn Oil; Cytochromes c; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Gardenia; Glycoproteins; Hyperlipidemias; Hypolipidemic Agents; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; NF-kappa B; Nitric Oxide; Polyethylene Glycols; Reactive Oxygen Species; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; Transcription Factor AP-1