cysteine has been researched along with Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 in 80 studies
Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
---|---|---|
pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
1990's | 6 (7.50) | 18.2507 |
2000's | 21 (26.25) | 29.6817 |
2010's | 39 (48.75) | 24.3611 |
2020's | 14 (17.50) | 2.80 |
Authors | Studies |
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Chen, CW; Chen, KH; Chen, LK; Ho, CH; Hwang, JL; Juan, CC; Liu, PS; Seow, KM; Wang, PH | 1 |
Cariou, B; Croyal, M; Gand, E; Goronflot, T; Hadjadj, S; Jacobi, D; Le May, C; Prieur, X; Ragot, S; Saulnier, PJ; Trochu, JN; Wargny, M | 1 |
Cao, H; Chen, H; Huang, Y; Liu, J; Peng, C; Rao, L; Ren, Y; Shao, X; Su, C; Wan, J; Wen, W; Wu, L; Xu, Y | 1 |
Atorrasagasti, C; Mazzolini, G; Onorato, AM | 1 |
Chen, X; Jin, X; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Wu, L; Xing, X; Yang, W; Yang, Z; Zhang, B; Zhang, J; Zhang, X | 1 |
Li, Z; Lv, Y; Wang, G; Zhao, X; Zheng, Y | 1 |
Deng, X; Guo, W; Li, G; Liu, H; Wang, Q; Yang, Y; Yang, Z | 1 |
Al-Shaar, L; Dong, Z; Gao, X; Nichenametla, SN; Orentreich, D; Richie, JP; Shen, B | 1 |
Bastani, NE; Dagnelie, PC; Elshorbagy, AK; Eussen, SJPM; Grootswagers, P; Kožich, V; Olsen, T; Refsum, H; Retterstøl, K; Stehouwer, CD; Stolt, ETK; Tore, EC; van Greevenbroek, MMJ; Vinknes, KJ | 1 |
Gan, Y; Jiang, H; Li, H; Liu, M; Yao, S; Yin, G; Yin, P; Yu, T; Zhang, Y | 1 |
Holendova, B; Plecita-Hlavata, L | 1 |
Chen, X; Huang, YY; Li, J; Li, XK; Mao, F; Ni, SS; Ren, YL; Song, RR; Wan, J; Xu, YX; Zhang, C; Zhu, J | 1 |
Arunagiri, A; Arvan, P; Dhayalan, B; Haataja, L; Hassan, A; Liu, M; Regan, K; Tsai, B; Weiss, MA | 1 |
Kawakami, Y; Taira, C; Yamauchi, K | 1 |
Fei, Y; Fu, J; Han, J; Huang, F; Li, G; Meng, Q; Wang, Y; Wu, S; Zhou, F | 1 |
Lee, LJ; Marumo, M; Mukai, J; Nonaka, D; Ohki, M; Tanaka, K; Uchida, K; Wakabayashi, I | 1 |
Chen, C; Li, P; Li, X; Li, Y; Liu, G; Qiao, X; Wang, L; Wang, P; Xu, T; Xue, Y; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y | 1 |
Chen, Y; Deng, B; Guo, R; Jiang, J; Jing, Z; Shi, Z | 1 |
Clemente Plaza, N; Martínez-Espinosa, RM; Reig García-Galbis, M | 1 |
Chandhri, R; Cho, J; Cuervo Grajal, H; Das, A; Fukai, T; He, L; Kim, YM; Kitajewski, J; Kweon, J; Leanhart, S; Rehman, J; Sudhahar, V; Toth, PT; Ushio-Fukai, M; Yoon, Y; Youn, SW | 1 |
Mizuno, K; Nakajima, M; Takeuchi, K; Umehara, K | 1 |
Jain, SK; Kanikarla-Marie, P; Micinski, D | 1 |
Arunagiri, A; Arvan, P; Haataja, L; Itkin-Ansari, P; Kaufman, RJ; Kim, S; Liu, M; Pamenan, F; Paton, AW; Paton, JC; Pottekat, A; Tsai, B; Zeltser, LM | 1 |
Das, J; Manna, P; Sil, PC | 1 |
Aguilar-Delfín, I; Díaz-Muñoz, M; García-García, N; Hernández-Muñoz, R; Olguín-Martínez, M; Sánchez-Sevilla, L | 1 |
El Sarha, A; Ismail, MA; Refaat, R; Salman, ZK; Selima, E | 1 |
Borges, CR; Breburda, C; Jensen, S; Nikolova, B; Rehder, DS; Schaab, MR; Sherma, ND; Yassine, H | 1 |
Bass, PF; Huning, L; Jain, SK; Kahlon, G; Levine, SN; Micinski, D | 1 |
Callà, C; De Stefano, A; Dessì, M; Di Daniele, N; Di Giovamberardino, G; Noce, A; Pastore, A; Zenobi, R | 1 |
Corkey, BE; Jones Iv, AR; Kleckner, AS; Liesa, M; Nocito, L; Yoo, EJ | 1 |
Bass, P; Jain, SK; Kahlon, G; Levine, SN; Warden, C | 1 |
Huang, K; Xu, H; Zhou, J | 1 |
Carter, RN; Morton, NM | 1 |
Gates, KS; Parsons, ZD; Ruddraraju, KV; Santo, N | 1 |
Chen, HJ; Chen, PF; Lai, PY; Yang, YF | 1 |
Cheng, Z; Crochet, RB; Ding, H; Landry, AP; Lee, YH; Wang, Y | 1 |
Begum, MS; Brahmanaidu, P; Kalaivani, A; Meriga, B; Naik, RR; Pothani, S; Rajeshkumar, MP; Rameshreddy, P; Saravanan, G; Sasikumar, V; Uddandrao, VVS; Varatharaju, C | 1 |
Bao, J; Gao, X; Ge, Y; Luo, C; Sai, W; Song, X; Tang, D; Tian, H; Yang, K; Yao, W; Zhang, Y | 1 |
Ji, L; Jin, F; Qu, Y; Sun, H; Sun, L; Wang, B; Wang, L; Yang, Z; Zhang, C | 1 |
Al-Humadi, H; Anifantaki, F; Galanopoulou, P; Gkrouzman, E; Liapi, C; Marinou, K; Mellios, Z; Skandali, N; Tsakiris, S; Zarros, A | 1 |
Bull, R; Croad, JL; Jain, SK; Rains, JL; Velusamy, T | 2 |
Daimon, M; Jimbu, Y; Kameda, W; Karasawa, S; Kato, T; Kawata, S; Kubota, I; Muramatsu, M; Oizumi, T; Susa, S; Toriyama, S; Wada, K | 1 |
Frey, SK; Henze, A; Pfeiffer, AF; Raila, J; Schweigert, FJ; Spranger, J | 1 |
Ozer, JS | 1 |
Hsu, MF; Meng, TC | 1 |
Mirelman, D; Rabinkov, A; Rosenthal, T; Younis, F | 1 |
Balasubramanyam, A; Guthikonda, AP; Jahoor, F; McKay, SV; Patel, SG; Reddy, VT; Sekhar, RV | 1 |
Hamid, AA; Mohamed, S; Mustapha, NM; Shukri, R | 1 |
Bhalla, K; Choi, JH; Dewi, R; Girnun, GD; Hwang, BJ; Mclenithan, J; Ou, L; Pozharski, E; Stock, J; Twaddel, W | 1 |
Baynes, JW; Frizzell, N; Storey, KB; Thomas, SA | 1 |
Adams, SH | 1 |
Bass, PF; Caldito, G; Dhawan, R; Hoeldtke, R; Jain, SK; Kahlon, G; Levine, SN; Lieblong, B; Morehead, L; Stapleton, T | 1 |
Jain, SK | 1 |
Altschmied, J; Haendeler, J; Matsushima, S; Sadoshima, J; Shao, D; Zschauer, TC | 1 |
Ferguson, MR; Hale, PD; Lowe, ME; Magee, KE; Wang, Y; Xiao, X | 1 |
Bicho, M; Bronze, MR; Costa, HS; Duarte, R; Valente, A | 1 |
Aguilar-Salinas, CA; Cobos-Bonilla, M; Medina-Santillan, R; Mehta, R; Muñoz-Hernandez, LL; Ordoñez-Sanchez, ML; Ramírez-Márquez, MR; Tusie-Luna, MT | 1 |
Buraczyńska, M; Ksiazek, A; Ksiazek, P; Nowicka, T; Spasiewicz, D; Łopatyński, J | 1 |
Ikema, T; Komiya, I; Shimabukuro, M; Shimajiri, Y; Sunakawa, S; Takasu, N; Tawata, M; Yogi, H | 1 |
Duman, BS; Hatemi, H; Oztürk, M; Yilmazeri, S | 1 |
Aruna, B; Ehtesham, NZ; Ghosh, S; Haseeb, A; Raghu, P; Soundarya, K | 1 |
Bassett, ML; Cadet, E; Carter, K; David, V; Jouanolle, AM; Livesey, KJ; Merryweather-Clarke, AT; Mosser, A; Pointon, JJ; Poulton, J; Roberts, AG; Robson, KJ; Rochette, J; Wimhurst, VL; Worwood, M | 1 |
Emiliani, S; Panini, R; Salvioli, G; Ventura, P | 1 |
Horng, JS; Huang, CN; Yin, MC | 1 |
Aertgeerts, K; Hilgers, M; Hosfield, DJ; Jennings, A; Skene, RJ; Snell, GP; Wu, Y | 1 |
Beck, SR; Bowden, DW; Burdon, KP; Freedman, BI; Langefeld, CD; Liu, Y; Rich, SS; Wagenknecht, LE | 1 |
Fowler, B; Herrmann, W; Kuhlmann, MK; Makowski, J; Obeid, R; Schorr, H | 1 |
Furuta, H; Hanabusa, T; Nakagawa, T; Nanjo, K; Nishi, M; Sakagashira, S; Sanke, T; Sasaki, H; Shimajiri, Y; Shimomura, H | 1 |
Hinokio, Y; Hirai, M; Oka, Y; Satoh, J; Suzuki, C; Suzuki, S; Yamada, T; Yoshizumi, S | 1 |
Cui, RZ; Li, Y; Li, YL; Qin, Q; Wang, H; Zhao, BR; Zhao, FM | 1 |
Bloom, HL; Darrow, LA; Dudley, SC; Jones, DP; Kleinbaum, D; Neuman, RB; Shukrullah, I | 1 |
Baatz, JE; Baynes, JW; Bethard, J; Blatnik, M; Brock, JW; Frizzell, N; Nagai, R; Thorpe, SR; Walla, MD | 1 |
Iida, M; Imanaka, T; Ito, K; Jinnouchi, H; Kamohara, S; Kan, M; Kanai, F; Nishioka, Y; Ohnishi, T; Todaka, M | 1 |
Edland, SD; Higaki, J; Ikegami, H; Kamino, K; Martin, GM; Miki, T; Nakura, J; Ogihara, T; Oshima, J; Rakugi, H; Ye, L | 1 |
Ellard, S; Frayling, T; Grove, J; Hattersley, AT; Walker, M | 1 |
Bach, JF; Boitard, C; Caillat-Zucman, S; Djilali-Saiah, I; Dubois-Laforgue, D; Larger, E; Mercadier, A; Timsit, J | 1 |
Ahuja, S; Carter, R; Gerstein, HC; Kwan, T; Leber, B | 1 |
Berglund, L; Berne, C; Brattström, L; Refsum, H; Ueland, PM; Wollesen, F | 1 |
Boitard, C; Caillat-Zucman, S; Dubois-Laforgue, D; Timsit, J | 1 |
11 review(s) available for cysteine and Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Article | Year |
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The role of SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine) in the pathogenesis of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Topics: Animals; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Obesity; Osteonectin | 2023 |
Cumulative Consumption of Sulfur Amino Acids and Risk of Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study.
Topics: Amino Acids, Sulfur; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Humans; Methionine; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors | 2022 |
Cysteine residues in signal transduction and its relevance in pancreatic beta cells.
Topics: Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Oxygen; Signal Transduction; Sulfhydryl Compounds | 2023 |
Effects of the Usage of l-Cysteine (l-Cys) on Human Health.
Topics: Alopecia; Bibliometrics; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Feeding Behavior; Humans; Porphyria, Erythropoietic; Precision Medicine | 2018 |
Role of sulfur containing amino acids as an adjuvant therapy in the prevention of diabetes and its associated complications.
Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; Amino Acids, Sulfur; Animals; Blood Glucose; Cells, Cultured; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Inflammation; Methionine; Mice; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Taurine | 2013 |
Organoselenium Small Molecules and Chromium(III) Complexes for Intervention in Chronic Low-grade Inflammation and Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azoles; Chromium Compounds; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Inflammation; Isoindoles; Obesity; Organometallic Compounds; Organoselenium Compounds; Picolinic Acids; Small Molecule Libraries | 2016 |
Cysteine and hydrogen sulphide in the regulation of metabolism: insights from genetics and pharmacology.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Blood Glucose; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Hydrogen Sulfide; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Lipid Metabolism; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Models, Genetic; Obesity; Rats | 2016 |
A guidance for renal biomarker lead optimization and use in translational pharmacodynamics.
Topics: Albumins; Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; Bile Acids and Salts; Biomarkers, Pharmacological; Cathepsin B; Cyclosporine; Cystatin C; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Approval; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney; Leukotrienes; Models, Animal; Translational Research, Biomedical | 2010 |
Emerging perspectives on essential amino acid metabolism in obesity and the insulin-resistant state.
Topics: 3-Methyl-2-Oxobutanoate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide); Amino Acids, Aromatic; Amino Acids, Sulfur; Animals; Cysteine; Cystine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Methionine; Models, Biological; Obesity; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Phenylalanine; Transaminases; Tyrosine | 2011 |
L-cysteine supplementation as an adjuvant therapy for type-2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Signal Transduction; Up-Regulation | 2012 |
Interacting with thioredoxin-1--disease or no disease?
Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Blood Vessels; Cardiovascular System; Cysteine; Cystine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Diseases; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Mice; Models, Cardiovascular; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Myocardium; NADP; Neoplasm Proteins; Neoplasms; Oxidation-Reduction; Peroxiredoxins; Reactive Oxygen Species; Signal Transduction; Thioredoxins | 2013 |
3 trial(s) available for cysteine and Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Article | Year |
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Vitamin D and L-cysteine levels correlate positively with GSH and negatively with insulin resistance levels in the blood of type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Cell Line; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Female; Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase; Glutathione; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Male; Middle Aged; Monocytes; Oxidative Stress; Triglycerides; Vitamin D | 2014 |
Effect of chromium dinicocysteinate supplementation on circulating levels of insulin, TNF-α, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic subjects: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Adult; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Male; Middle Aged; Organometallic Compounds; Oxidative Stress; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2012 |
The R230C variant of the ATP binding cassette protein A1 (ABCA1) gene is associated with a decreased response to glyburide therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Amino Acid Substitution; Arginine; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Resistance; Female; Genetic Association Studies; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Glyburide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Middle Aged; Mutation, Missense; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Single-Blind Method; Young Adult | 2013 |
66 other study(ies) available for cysteine and Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Article | Year |
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Cysteine-Cysteine Motif Chemokine Receptor 5 Expression in Letrozole-Induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Mice.
Topics: Animals; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diestrus; Disease Models, Animal; Estrous Cycle; Female; Glucose; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Letrozole; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Ovary; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Receptors, CCR5; Receptors, Chemokine; Reproduction; Testosterone | 2021 |
Nutritional biomarkers and heart failure requiring hospitalization in patients with type 2 diabetes: the SURDIAGENE cohort.
Topics: Aged; Betaine; Biomarkers; Carnitine; Choline; Cohort Studies; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Heart Failure; Homocysteine; Hospitalization; Humans; Male; Methionine; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors | 2022 |
Topics: Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Humans; Saccharin | 2022 |
Development and assessment of diabetic nephropathy prediction model using hub genes identified by weighted correlation network analysis.
Topics: Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Hormones; Humans; Methionine; Polysaccharides; Retrospective Studies | 2022 |
The relationship between islet β-cell function and metabolomics in overweight patients with Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Metabolomics; Overweight | 2023 |
Cysteine-Derived Chiral Carbon Quantum Dots: A Fibrinolytic Activity Regulator for Plasmin to Target the Human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Amyloid; Carbon; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fibrinolysin; Humans; Islet Amyloid Polypeptide; Quantum Dots | 2023 |
The Associations of Habitual Intake of Sulfur Amino Acids, Proteins and Diet Quality with Plasma Sulfur Amino Acid Concentrations: The Maastricht Study.
Topics: Amino Acids, Sulfur; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cystathionine; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Female; Homocysteine; Humans; Methionine; Obesity; Taurine | 2023 |
General Strategy for Specific Fluorescence Imaging of Homocysteine in Living Cells and
Topics: Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fluorescent Dyes; HeLa Cells; Humans; Optical Imaging | 2023 |
Development of disulfide-derived fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) covalent inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disulfides; Enzyme Inhibitors; Fructose-Bisphosphatase; Male; Mice; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2020 |
Distinct states of proinsulin misfolding in MIDY.
Topics: Adolescent; Cells, Cultured; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disulfides; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Humans; Insulin; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Mutation, Missense; Proinsulin; Protein Folding | 2021 |
Redox index of Cys-thiol residues of serum apolipoprotein E and its diagnostic potential.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Apolipoproteins E; Atherosclerosis; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Oxidation-Reduction; Predictive Value of Tests; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Triglycerides | 2021 |
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of PEGylated Xenopus glucagon-like peptide-1 derivatives as long-acting hypoglycemic agents.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Design; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Half-Life; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Mutant Chimeric Proteins; Polyethylene Glycols; Xenopus | 2017 |
Cysteinylated transthyretin as a discriminator of cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Kidney; Lipoproteins, LDL; Liver; Male; Prealbumin; Risk Factors; Triglycerides; Vascular Stiffness | 2017 |
Autophagy impairment mediated by S-nitrosation of ATG4B leads to neurotoxicity in response to hyperglycemia.
Topics: Animals; Autophagosomes; Autophagy; Autophagy-Related Proteins; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cysteine; Cysteine Endopeptidases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Hippocampus; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neurons; Nitric Oxide; Nitrosation; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2017 |
Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 regulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS).
Topics: Acetates; ADP-Ribosylation Factor 6; ADP-Ribosylation Factors; Animals; cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein; Cell Line, Tumor; Cyclopropanes; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Insulin Secretion; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Leukotrienes; Mice; Neuropeptides; Quinolines; rac1 GTP-Binding Protein; Receptors, Leukotriene; Sulfides | 2018 |
Redox Regulation of Mitochondrial Fission Protein Drp1 by Protein Disulfide Isomerase Limits Endothelial Senescence.
Topics: Animals; Cell Respiration; Cellular Senescence; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dynamins; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Mice; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial Dynamics; Mutation; Oxidation-Reduction; Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase; Protein Binding; Protein Disulfide-Isomerases; Reactive Oxygen Species; Wound Healing | 2018 |
Identification of Novel Metabolites of Vildagliptin in Rats: Thiazoline-Containing Thiol Adducts Formed via Cysteine or Glutathione Conjugation.
Topics: Animals; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glutathione; Humans; Male; Models, Animal; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Vildagliptin | 2019 |
Hyperglycemia (high-glucose) decreases L-cysteine and glutathione levels in cultured monocytes and blood of Zucker diabetic rats.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glutathione; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Monocytes; Rats; Rats, Zucker; U937 Cells | 2019 |
Proinsulin misfolding is an early event in the progression to type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Disulfides; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; Humans; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Islets of Langerhans; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Mice, Obese; Proinsulin; Protein Folding; Receptors, Leptin | 2019 |
Oxidant status and lipid composition of erythrocyte membranes in patients with type 2 diabetes, chronic liver damage, and a combination of both pathologies.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Cholesterol; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Erythrocyte Membrane; Humans; Lipids; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Diseases; Nitric Oxide; Nitrites; Oxidants; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Phospholipids; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances | 2013 |
The combined effect of metformin and L-cysteine on inflammation, oxidative stress and insulin resistance in streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes in rats.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; C-Reactive Protein; Caspase 3; Chemokine CCL2; Cysteine; Cytochromes c; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Glutathione; Inflammation; Insulin Resistance; Liver; Male; Malondialdehyde; Metformin; Nitrates; Nitrites; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2013 |
Elevated plasma albumin and apolipoprotein A-I oxidation under suboptimal specimen storage conditions.
Topics: Apolipoprotein A-I; Chromatography, Liquid; Cryopreservation; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Freezing; Humans; Male; Methionine; Myocardial Infarction; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Prostatic Neoplasms; Serum Albumin; Specimen Handling; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization | 2014 |
Homocysteine, cysteine, folate and vitamin B₁₂ status in type 2 diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Female; Folic Acid; Homocysteine; Humans; Male; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Vitamin B 12 | 2015 |
The extracellular redox state modulates mitochondrial function, gluconeogenesis, and glycogen synthesis in murine hepatocytes.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Acetoacetates; Animals; Cysteine; Cystine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gluconeogenesis; Glutathione; Glutathione Disulfide; Glycogen; Hepatocytes; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Insulin Resistance; Mice; Mitochondria; NAD; Oxidation-Reduction; Respiration | 2015 |
Can L-Cysteine and Vitamin D Rescue Vitamin D and Vitamin D Binding Protein Levels in Blood Plasma of African American Type 2 Diabetic Patients?
Topics: Adult; Black or African American; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glutathione; Humans; Middle Aged; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin D-Binding Protein | 2015 |
Sulfone-stabilized carbanions for the reversible covalent capture of a posttranslationally-generated cysteine oxoform found in protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B).
Topics: Amides; Catalytic Domain; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dithioerythritol; Humans; Insulin; Models, Molecular; Oxidation-Reduction; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1; Sulfhydryl Reagents; Sulfones | 2016 |
Analysis of Chlorination, Nitration, and Nitrosylation of Tyrosine and Oxidation of Methionine and Cysteine in Hemoglobin from Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients by Nanoflow Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Amino Acid Sequence; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Halogenation; Hemoglobins; Humans; Male; Methionine; Middle Aged; Nitrates; Nitroso Compounds; Oxidation-Reduction; Tyrosine | 2016 |
Flavin nucleotides act as electron shuttles mediating reduction of the [2Fe-2S] clusters in mitochondrial outer membrane protein mitoNEET.
Topics: Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dinitrocresols; Electron Transport; Energy Metabolism; Humans; Iron; Iron-Sulfur Proteins; Mitochondrial Proteins; Molecular Docking Simulation; NAD; Nucleotides; Oxidoreductases; Pioglitazone; Protein Binding; Reactive Oxygen Species; Thiazolidinediones | 2017 |
Reversal of endothelial dysfunction in aorta of streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced type-2 diabetic rats by S-Allylcysteine.
Topics: Animals; Aorta; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endothelium, Vascular; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2017 |
Systematic Design of Trypsin Cleavage Site Mutated Exendin4-Cysteine 1, an Orally Bioavailable Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Cyclic AMP; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Design; Exenatide; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Glucose Tolerance Test; Intestine, Small; Male; Mice; Mutation; Peptide Hydrolases; Peptides; Protein Binding; Proteolysis; Signal Transduction; Structure-Activity Relationship; Trypsin; Venoms | 2017 |
The Ser311Cys variation in the paraoxonase 2 gene increases the risk of type 2 diabetes in northern Chinese.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Aryldialkylphosphatase; Asian People; Blood Pressure; Case-Control Studies; China; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gene Frequency; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Regression Analysis; Serine | 2008 |
Effects of adult-onset streptozotocin-induced diabetes on the rat brain antioxidant status and the activities of acetylcholinesterase, (Na(+),K (+))- and Mg(2+)-ATPase: modulation by L-cysteine.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Age Factors; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Antioxidants; Brain; Brain Diseases, Metabolic; Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; Statistics, Nonparametric | 2009 |
L-cysteine supplementation lowers blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, CRP, MCP-1, and oxidative stress and inhibits NF-kappaB activation in the livers of Zucker diabetic rats.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Blood Glucose; Carrier Proteins; Chemokine CCL2; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Disease Models, Animal; Free Radicals; Glycated Hemoglobin; Insulin; Liver; Male; NF-kappa B; Oxidative Stress; Phosphorylation; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Rats; Rats, Zucker | 2009 |
Association of the Ser326Cys polymorphism in the OGG1 gene with type 2 DM.
Topics: Aged; Amino Acid Substitution; Asian People; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA Glycosylases; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Male; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Genetic; Serine | 2009 |
Factors that influence retinol-binding protein 4-transthyretin interaction are not altered in overweight subjects and overweight subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Anthropometry; Blotting, Western; Body Composition; Body Weight; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Female; Humans; Immunoprecipitation; Male; Obesity; Overweight; Prealbumin; Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization | 2009 |
Enhancement of insulin responsiveness by nitric oxide-mediated inactivation of protein-tyrosine phosphatases.
Topics: Animals; Chlorocebus aethiops; COS Cells; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Insulin; Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Donors; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; Nitrogen; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 2; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; RNA, Small Interfering; Signal Transduction; Transfection; Tyrosine | 2010 |
Chromium dinicocysteinate supplementation can lower blood glucose, CRP, MCP-1, ICAM-1, creatinine, apparently mediated by elevated blood vitamin C and adiponectin and inhibition of NFkappaB, Akt, and Glut-2 in livers of zucker diabetic fatty rats.
Topics: Adiponectin; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Ascorbic Acid; Biomarkers; Cell Line; Chromium; Coordination Complexes; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diabetic Nephropathies; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Liver; Male; Monocytes; Organometallic Compounds; Oxidative Stress; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Zucker; Signal Transduction | 2010 |
S-allyl-mercapto-captopril: a novel compound in the treatment of Cohen-Rosenthal diabetic hypertensive rats.
Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Captopril; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diastole; Disulfides; Hypertension; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred SHR; Sulfinic Acids; Systole | 2010 |
Glutathione synthesis is diminished in patients with uncontrolled diabetes and restored by dietary supplementation with cysteine and glycine.
Topics: Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Female; Glutathione; Glycine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged | 2011 |
Evaluating the toxic and beneficial effects of jering beans (Archidendron jiringa) in normal and diabetic rats.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Retinopathy; Diet; Fabaceae; Hyperglycemia; Hypertrophy; Kidney; Liver; Malaysia; Male; Myocardium; Oxidative Stress; Pancreas; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Seeds | 2011 |
N-Acetylfarnesylcysteine is a novel class of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ ligand with partial and full agonist activity in vitro and in vivo.
Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; Acetylcysteine; Animals; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Homeostasis; Hypoglycemic Agents; Ligands; Mice; Mice, Knockout; PPAR gamma; Protein Binding; Rosiglitazone; Thiazolidinediones | 2011 |
Tissue distribution of S-(2-succino)cysteine (2SC), a biomarker of mitochondrial stress in obesity and diabetes.
Topics: Adipocytes; Adipose Tissue; Animals; Biomarkers; Blotting, Western; Cells, Cultured; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Mice; Mice, Obese; Mitochondria; Obesity; Rats; Sciuridae; Succinates | 2012 |
The Arg92Cys colipase polymorphism impairs function and secretion by increasing protein misfolding.
Topics: Arginine; Colipases; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Fats; Enzyme Stability; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Models, Molecular; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Protein Folding; Protein Structure, Secondary; Temperature | 2013 |
Validation and clinical application of an UHPLC method for simultaneous analysis of total homocysteine and cysteine in human plasma.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Homocysteine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Limit of Detection; Reproducibility of Results | 2012 |
[Association of the renin-angiotensin system gene polymorphism with nephropathy in type II diabetes].
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Alleles; Angiotensinogen; Case-Control Studies; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Diabetic Retinopathy; Female; Genotype; Humans; Male; Methionine; Middle Aged; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Genetic; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; Receptors, Angiotensin; Renin-Angiotensin System; Threonine | 2002 |
Identification of three new mutations of the HNF-1 alpha gene in Japanese MODY families.
Topics: Adult; Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; COS Cells; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA-Binding Proteins; Female; Frameshift Mutation; Gene Deletion; Glycine; Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1; Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-alpha; Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-beta; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mutation; Mutation, Missense; Nuclear Proteins; Pedigree; Transcription Factors; Transcriptional Activation | 2002 |
Thiols, malonaldehyde and total antioxidant status in the Turkish patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antioxidants; Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; Catalysis; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Female; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Glutathione; Homocysteine; Humans; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Malondialdehyde; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Sex Factors; Smoking; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Turkey | 2003 |
Dimerization of human recombinant resistin involves covalent and noncovalent interactions.
Topics: Adipocytes; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Chromatography, Gel; Circular Dichroism; Cloning, Molecular; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dimerization; Disulfides; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Escherichia coli; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Obesity; Peptides; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Protein Structure, Secondary; Recombinant Proteins; Resistin; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid | 2004 |
The 16189 variant of mitochondrial DNA occurs more frequently in C282Y homozygotes with haemochromatosis than those without iron loading.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amino Acid Substitution; Cohort Studies; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA, Mitochondrial; Gene Frequency; Genotype; Hemochromatosis; Hemochromatosis Protein; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; Homozygote; Humans; Iron Overload; Membrane Proteins; Middle Aged; Mutation; Phenotype; Tyrosine | 2004 |
Plasma homocysteine after insulin infusion in type II diabetic patients with and without methionine intolerance.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA; Female; Folic Acid; Glucose Clamp Technique; Homocysteine; Humans; Hyperhomocysteinemia; Insulin; Male; Methionine; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); Middle Aged; Point Mutation; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 6 | 2004 |
Antioxidative and antiglycative effects of six organosulfur compounds in low-density lipoprotein and plasma.
Topics: Allyl Compounds; alpha-Tocopherol; Antioxidants; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disulfides; Glycosylation; Humans; Lipoproteins, LDL; Oxidation-Reduction; Sulfides; Sulfur Compounds | 2004 |
Conformational flexibility in crystal structures of human 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type I provide insights into glucocorticoid interconversion and enzyme regulation.
Topics: 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; Amino Acid Motifs; Binding Sites; Cloning, Molecular; Cortisone; Crystallography, X-Ray; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dimerization; Disulfides; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Enzyme Inhibitors; Escherichia coli; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Kinetics; Mass Spectrometry; Models, Molecular; Mutagenesis; Obesity; Oxygen; Point Mutation; Proline; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Recombinant Proteins | 2005 |
T-786C polymorphism of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene is associated with albuminuria in the diabetes heart study.
Topics: Aged; Albuminuria; Aspartic Acid; Creatinine; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exons; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Glutamic Acid; Homozygote; Humans; Linkage Disequilibrium; Male; Middle Aged; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; Odds Ratio; Polymorphism, Genetic; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Threonine | 2005 |
Disturbed homocysteine and methionine cycle intermediates S-adenosylhomocysteine and S-adenosylmethionine are related to degree of renal insufficiency in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Cystathionine; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Female; Folic Acid; Homocysteine; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Methionine; Methylmalonic Acid; Middle Aged; S-Adenosylhomocysteine; S-Adenosylmethionine; Transcobalamins; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 6 | 2005 |
Molecular scanning of the betacellulin gene for mutations in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Amino Acid Substitution; Base Sequence; Betacellulin; Cysteine; Cytosine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Genetic Testing; Genetic Variation; Glycine; Humans; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Leucine; Male; Methionine; Middle Aged; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Mutation, Missense; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Thymine; Transcription Initiation Site | 2005 |
WRN gene 1367 Arg allele protects against development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adult; Aged; Amino Acid Substitution; Arginine; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA Helicases; Exodeoxyribonucleases; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; RecQ Helicases; Survivors; Werner Syndrome Helicase | 2005 |
[Association of paraoxonase polymorphisms and serum homocysteine thiolactone complex with coronary heart disease].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aryldialkylphosphatase; Coronary Disease; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Homocysteine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Genetic | 2006 |
Oxidative stress markers are associated with persistent atrial fibrillation.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Atrial Fibrillation; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glutathione; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-6; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Oxidative Stress; Regression Analysis; Smoking; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2007 |
Succination of protein thiols during adipocyte maturation: a biomarker of mitochondrial stress.
Topics: 3T3 Cells; Adipocytes; Adipogenesis; Adipose Tissue; Animals; Biomarkers; Cell Differentiation; Citric Acid Cycle; Cysteine; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fibroblasts; Fumarates; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Lysine; Mice; Mitochondria; Obesity; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Risk Factors; Stress, Physiological; Succinic Acid; Sulfhydryl Compounds | 2007 |
Frequency of mutations of insulin receptor gene in Japanese patients with NIDDM.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alanine; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Cell Line; Chlorocebus aethiops; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA; DNA Primers; Exons; Female; Genetic Linkage; Humans; Insulin; Japan; Kinetics; Macromolecular Substances; Male; Middle Aged; Molecular Sequence Data; Pedigree; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); Point Mutation; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Receptor, Insulin; Recombinant Proteins; Threonine; Transfection; Tyrosine | 1995 |
Association of a polymorphic variant of the Werner helicase gene with myocardial infarction in a Japanese population.
Topics: Adult; Age of Onset; Aged; Arginine; Case-Control Studies; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Genetic Variation; Homozygote; Humans; Japan; Male; Middle Aged; Mutation; Myocardial Infarction; Polymorphism, Genetic; Werner Syndrome | 1997 |
C282Y mutation in HFE (haemochromatosis) gene and type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Codon; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; England; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Testing; Hemochromatosis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mutation; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Prevalence; Tyrosine | 1998 |
Mutations in HFE, the hemochromatosis candidate gene, in patients with NIDDM.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Aspartic Acid; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hemochromatosis; Hemochromatosis Protein; Histidine; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; HLA Antigens; Homozygote; Humans; Major Histocompatibility Complex; Membrane Proteins; Point Mutation; Reference Values; Tyrosine | 1998 |
Patients with type 2 diabetes have a high frequency of the C282Y mutation of the hemochromatosis gene.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hemochromatosis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Point Mutation; Tyrosine | 1998 |
Plasma total homocysteine and cysteine in relation to glomerular filtration rate in diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Creatinine; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Folic Acid; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Homocysteine; Humans; Insulin; Middle Aged; Vitamin B 12 | 1999 |
Clinical characteristics of type 2 diabetes in patients with mutations of HFE.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Aspartic Acid; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Ferritins; Hemochromatosis Protein; Heterozygote; Histidine; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; HLA Antigens; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Iron; Major Histocompatibility Complex; Male; Membrane Proteins; Middle Aged; Point Mutation; Transferrin; Tyrosine | 2000 |