cyproterone and Disorders-of-Sex-Development

One has to distinguish masculine sex behavior and estrogens alone or in combination with gestagens evoke feminine sex behavior. The central integrator for the induction of sex behavior is located in diencephalic nuclei. If sex hormones are lacking, the sex drive is fading off, except in women. Sex hormones are also responsible for the determination of those neutral centres controlling male or female sex behavior later in life in most species. Based on animal datas and on retrospective inquiries of homosexuals or mothers of homosexuals, a hypothesis for the etiology of homo-, bi- and hyposexuality has been developed by Dorner. Absence or deficiency of androgens in the critical phase of "brain differentiation" leads to male homo-, bi- or hyposexuality, respectively. If androgens become active in the critical phase of female differentiation, then the result will be female homo-, bi- or hyposexuality, respectively. This hypothesis will be critical evaluated.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome; Androgens; Animals; Child; Cyproterone; Disorders of Sex Development; Female; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Homosexuality; Humans; Hypothalamus; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Middle Aged; Ovary; Pituitary Gland; Receptors, Androgen; Sex Determination Analysis; Sexual Behavior; Testis

The demand for sex reassignment in transsexual patients has increased as have the number of treatments. However, these patients run into troubles to be treated in Spanish public hospitals and the patients usually make use of self-therapy, without medical control, by suffering frequent side effects. In this paper, we have analysed these effects.. Cross-sectional and descriptive study of the side effects of cross-gender hormone self-administration in 57 transsexuals, aged (median [SD]) 30(7) years.. Combined treatment with estrogen and cyproterone acetate in 31 male-to-female transsexuals was associated with hyperprolactinemia in 24/31 patients (77.4%) and elevation of liver enzymes in 4/31 (12.9%). Androgen treatment in 26 female-to-male transsexuals was associated with hyperprolactinemia in 10/26 patients (38.5%), elevation of liver enzymes in 5/26 (19.2%). The levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides were higher in female-to-male that in male-to-female transsexuals (197.3 [40.2] vs 160.6 [38.0] mg/dl, p = 0.033; 131.4 [29.4] vs 104.8 [26.4] mg/dl, p = 0.049; and 131.3 [62.7] vs 67.4 [25.6], p = 0.001, respectively). Total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratios were higher in female-to-male that in male-to-female transsexuals, too (4.94 [1.20] vs 3.32 [0.71], p = 0.006; and 3.20 [0.87] vs 2.04 [0.63], p = 0.003, respectively).. The alteration of the cardiovascular risk, the presence of hyperprolactinemia and the elevation of liver enzymes must be taken into account in transsexual patients with hormone treatment.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cholesterol; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cyproterone; Disorders of Sex Development; Enzymes; Estrogens; Female; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Humans; Hyperprolactinemia; Liver; Male; Morbidity; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Self Administration; Self Medication; Spain; Transsexualism

We describe three patients in whom at the age of 4-7 yrs the diagnosis adrenogenital syndrome (21-hydroxylase deficiency) was made. There was no salt-loss. Two boys presented with precocious pubic hair development and increased growth velocity and bone maturation. The third patient was a severely virilized girl raised as a boy until she was 4 yrs old. Following an extensive psychiatric evaluation, it was decided to raise her as a girl and feminoplasty was performed. Clinical and biochemical evidence of central precocious puberty was present in one boy at the time of diagnosis at age 7 and developed under hydrocortisone substitution therapy in the two other patients. The precocious puberty was treated in two patients with the anti-androgen cyproterone acetate. In one boy suppression of pituitary gonadotropin secretion was obtained by LH-RH analogue (Buserelin) treatment.

Topics: Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital; Buserelin; Child; Child, Preschool; Cyproterone; Cyproterone Acetate; Disorders of Sex Development; Female; Genitalia; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Puberty, Precocious

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Breast; Cyproterone; Disorders of Sex Development; Ethinyl Estradiol; Humans; Male; Sulpiride

Topics: Androgen Antagonists; Animals; Cyproterone; Disorders of Sex Development; Female; Humans; Male; Rabbits; Rats; Receptors, Androgen; Testosterone

Topics: Cyproterone; Disorders of Sex Development; Female; Humans; Male; Receptors, Drug

Topics: Androstenedione; Animals; Cricetinae; Cyproterone; Disease Models, Animal; Disorders of Sex Development; Dogs; Erectile Dysfunction; Estradiol; Female; Guinea Pigs; Haplorhini; Homosexuality; Humans; Male; Posture; Rats; Sexual Abstinence; Sexual Behavior; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological; Species Specificity; Testosterone

Topics: Androgens; Animals; Autoradiography; Cell Nucleus; Cyproterone; Dihydrotestosterone; Disorders of Sex Development; Drug Resistance; Estradiol; Hypophysectomy; Male; Rats; Seminiferous Epithelium; Testis; Testosterone

Topics: Animals; Castration; Cloaca; Cyproterone; Disorders of Sex Development; Female; Genitalia, Female; Genitalia, Male; Gestational Age; Gonads; Humans; Kidney; Male; Mullerian Ducts; Ovary; Pregnancy; Rabbits; Rats; Sex Chromosomes; Testis; Testosterone; Transsexualism; Urogenital System; Wolffian Ducts

Topics: Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome; Animals; Cyproterone; Diethylstilbestrol; Disorders of Sex Development; Female; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Male; Progesterone Congeners; Rabbits; Rats; Testosterone Congeners; Virilism

Topics: Adult; Androstenedione; Carbon Radioisotopes; Chromatography, Gas; Cyproterone; Depression, Chemical; Disorders of Sex Development; Estrogens; Ethinyl Estradiol; Female; Fluorometry; Hirsutism; Humans; Male; Menstruation; Middle Aged; Ovulation; Pregnanediol; Testosterone; Time Factors; Tritium

Topics: Androgen Antagonists; Androgens; Animals; Cyproterone; Disorders of Sex Development; Dogs; Female; Fetus; Gonads; Growth; Male; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Mullerian Ducts; Ovary; Pregnancy; Rats; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Testis

Topics: Adolescent; Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome; Androgens; Animals; Cyproterone; Disorders of Sex Development; Dogs; Environment; Female; Fetus; Genetic Code; Genetic Counseling; Genetics, Behavioral; Genetics, Medical; Genotype; Humans; Klinefelter Syndrome; Male; Phenotype; Pregnancy; Rats; Sex Chromosome Aberrations; Sex Ratio; Turner Syndrome; Twins