cyclic-gmp and Rhinitis--Allergic--Perennial

In patients with severe allergic rhinitis, the most serious symptom is rhinostenosis, which is considered to be induced by a dilatation of plexus cavernosum. The vascular relaxing responses to chemical mediators are mainly mediated by the production of nitric oxide (NO). However, the exact mechanism(s) in nasal venoresponsiveness of allergic rhinitis is not fully understood. In the present study, we investigated the roles of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) and cyclic-guanosine monophosphate (c-GMP)-dependent protein kinase G (PKG) in venodilatation of nasal mucosae of antigen-challenged rats.. Actively sensitized rats were repeatedly challenged with aerosolized antigen (2,4-dinitrophenylated Ascaris suum). Twenty-four hours after the final antigen challenge, nasal septum mucosa was exposed surgically and observed directly in vivo under a stereoscopic microscope. The sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and 8-Br-cGMP (a PKG activator) were administered into arterial injection, and the venous diameters of nasal mucosa were observed.. The intra-arterial injections of SNP and 8-Br-cGMP-induced venodilatation were significantly augmented in the nasal mucosae of repeatedly antigen-challenged rats. Furthermore, protein expressions of sGC and PKG were significantly increased in nasal mucosae of the antigen-challenged rats.. The present findings suggest the idea that the promoted cGMP/PKG pathway may be involved in the enhanced NO-induced venodilatation in nasal mucosae of antigen-challenged rats.

Topics: Animals; Antigens, Helminth; Ascaris suum; Bordetella pertussis; Cyclic GMP; Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; Dinitrophenols; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Activation; Guanylate Cyclase; Haptens; Injections, Intra-Arterial; Male; Nasal Mucosa; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; Rhinitis, Allergic; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial; Signal Transduction; Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase; Time Factors; Up-Regulation; Vasodilation; Vasodilator Agents; Veins

To observe the curative effect of Jieminqufeng decoction to the rats of allergic rhinitis and study the mechanism by which it treats allergic rhinitis.. Forty wistar rats were divided into 4 groups at random. There are Jieminqufeng decoction group, cetirizine group, model control group and normal control group. The rats of allergic rhinitis were established with ovalbumin. We surveyed the behavioral changes of rats, searched eosinophilic granulocytes in the nasal secretion, detected the contents of cAMP and cGMP in the blood plasma and nasal mucosa.. The model control group had typical symptoms of allergic rhinitis and the eosinophilic granulocytes could be found more frequently. The contents of cAMP and cAMP/cGMP rose in the blood plasma and nasal mucosa (P < 0.01). However, the changes of jieminqufeng decoction group were small.. The jieminqufeng decoction is an effective drug to allergic rhinitis. Its possible mechanism is that it changes the contents of cAMP and cGMP, lessens inflammatory reaction and blocks up the allergy.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cyclic AMP; Cyclic GMP; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Male; Phytotherapy; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial

The nose contributes the large amount of nitric oxide (NO) to exhaled air. NO is a mediator of vasodilation and yields peroxynitrite (ONOO-) by reacting with superoxide (O2-). ONOO attacks tyrosine residues to form nitrotyrosine.. The aim of this study was to examine the pathophysiological role of NO in nasal mucosa in patients with perennial nasal allergy.. We measured nitrite and nitrate (NO2-/NO3-) and 3',5'-guanosine monophosphate (cyclic GMP) in nasal lavage fluid, and also measured haemoglobin concentration in nasal mucosa as an indicator of blood volume in the patients and healthy volunteers. The deleterious role of NO was also investigated by measuring nitrotyrosine in nasal mucosa.. The NO2-/NO3- concentration in the nasal lavage fluid was 39.5+/-2.8 microM in healthy volunteers (n=40), 42.4+/-3.0 microM in patients with mild allergy (mild group, n=32), and 88.7+/-6.6 microM in patients with severe allergy (severe group, n=61). In the patients whose symptoms were improved with treatment, NO2-/NO3- levels decreased to 45.7+/-10.4 microM. The concentration of cyclic GMP in nasal lavage fluid was higher in the severe group than in the healthy volunteers. The mucosal haemoglobin index was 88+/-4 in the healthy volunteers, 67+/-4 in the mild group, and 53+/-2 in the severe group. The formation of nitrotyrosine was expressed 0.58+/-10% to total tyrosine in the severe group (n=11), but was not found in non-allergy patients (n=9).. The production of NO was increased in patients with perennial nasal allergy, but the blood flow in the nasal mucosa of patients was reduced. Nitrotyrosine formation suggests that there is a process of ONOO(-)-induced damage in mucosa of patients with the perennial nasal allergy and this damage may limit the dilatation of blood vessels, despite the presence of excessive NO.

Topics: Adult; Cyclic GMP; Hemoglobins; Humans; Nasal Lavage Fluid; Nasal Mucosa; Nitrates; Nitric Oxide; Nitrites; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial; Tyrosine

From clinical practice, the authors concluded that the principal pathogenic factor in allergic rhinitis is deficient resistance of the body surface, and the patient is exposed to invasion of wind-evil. 495 cases of the allergic rhinitis have been treated with the method of invigorating vital energy and strengthening the body surface resistance (Bu Qi Gu Biao); the total effective rate was 84%, and the recurrence rate was 13.2% in a follow-up of 2 years. The changes in plasma cyclic nucleotides of the patients, and the ultrastructure of nasal mucosa of patients and animal models were also observed before and after treatment. The results showed that the TCM therapy tended to normalize the plasma cyclic nucleotide level, to improve the morphology and function of cells and organelles, to restore the function of mucosal cilia, to reduce the infiltration of eosinophils and their degranulation, to reduce tissue edema, and to eliminate the deposit of immune complexes.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Child; Cyclic AMP; Cyclic GMP; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nasal Mucosa; Rabbits; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal

The authors summarized 500 cases of allergic rhinitis treated by "Bu Qi Gu Biao" therapy since 1980. After treatment, long term curative effect was 87%. Moreover, the authors had observed serum IgE, IgA and IgG, plasma cyclic nucleotides, blood flow in nasal mucosa, and ultrastructure of nasal mucosa before and after the treatment in 200 cases. The results indicated that "Bu Qi Gu Biao" therapy could adjust immune function and cyclic nucleotides metabolism in organism, improve blood flow in nasal mucosa tissue, restore or improve cell's shape and function and eliminate partial deposition of immune compound in vascular basement membrane. Therefore, it could control or eliminate the symptoms of allergic rhinitis.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Cyclic AMP; Cyclic GMP; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Male; Middle Aged; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal

Cyclic nucleotides (CND) levels of nasal secretions were studied in allergic rhinitis patients and control subjects. In methacholine-induced nasal secretion, allergic rhinitis patients had lower cAMP levels, higher cGMP levels and a lower cAMP/cGMP ratio than the control subjects. A close relationship was found between CND levels and the severity of daily symptoms in both methacholine-induced and antigen-induced nasal secretions.

Topics: Cyclic AMP; Cyclic GMP; Humans; Nasal Mucosa; Nasal Provocation Tests; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal; Secretory Rate

Topics: Acetylcholine; Adult; Airway Resistance; Asthma; Bronchial Provocation Tests; Cyclic AMP; Cyclic GMP; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Occupational Diseases; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial

The effect of isoproterenol on the cyclic nucleotide level in peripheral lymphocytes and granulocytes with allergic rhinitis patients and normal subjects has been studied. Responsiveness to 10(-5) M isoproterenol of lymphocytes decreased in the case of allergic rhinitis patients. When asthma was complicated to perennial rhinitis, a more significant depression was noted. In granulocytes the same tendency as with lymphocytes was noted although the difference was not significant. Basal level and responsiveness to 5 X 10(-3) M theophylline of both lymphocytes and granulocytes were similar in allergic rhinitis patients to normal subjects. The ratio of plasma cAMP to cGMP concentration was lower in the allergic rhinitis patients although the difference was not significant.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Asthma; Child; Cyclic AMP; Cyclic GMP; Granulocytes; Humans; Isoproterenol; Lymphocytes; Middle Aged; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal; Theophylline