cyanidin-3-o-beta-glucopyranoside and Hyperlipidemias

Serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) is a risk factor considered to be protective of atherosclerosis. However, atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease and contributes to impairment in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) function, including reductions in HDL-C, HDL antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Anthocyanins are polyphenols that have demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The objective of this study was to determine whether an anthocyanin-rich black elderberry extract (Sambucus nigra) (BEE) (13% anthocyanins) would protect against inflammation-related impairments in HDL function and atherosclerosis in apoE(-/-) mice, a mouse model of hyperlipidemia and HDL dysfunction. We fed an AIN-93M diet supplemented with 1.25% (w/w) BEE or control diet to 10 week old male apoE(-/-) mice for 6 weeks. The BEE fed to mice was rich in cyanidin 3-sambubioside (∼ 9.8% w/w) and cyanidin 3-glucoside (∼ 3.8% w/w). After 6 weeks, serum lipids did not differ significantly between groups, while aspartate transaminase (AST) and fasting glucose were reduced in BEE-fed mice. Hepatic and intestinal mRNA changes with BEE-feeding were consistent with an improvement in HDL function (Apoa1, Pon1, Saa1, Lcat, Clu) and a reduction in hepatic cholesterol levels (increased Ldlr and Hmgcr, reduced Cyp7a1). In BEE-fed mice, serum paraoxonase-1 (PON1) arylesterase activity was significantly higher. In addition, mice fed BEE had significantly lower serum chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) compared to control-fed mice. Notably, we observed significant reductions in total cholesterol content of the aorta of BEE-fed mice, indicating less atherosclerosis progression. This study suggests that black elderberry may have the potential to influence HDL dysfunction associated with chronic inflammation by impacting hepatic gene expression.

Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Anthocyanins; Apolipoprotein A-I; Apolipoproteins B; Aryldialkylphosphatase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Chemokine CCL2; Cholesterol, HDL; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Disaccharides; Disease Models, Animal; Glucosides; Hyperlipidemias; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Plant Extracts; Sambucus nigra; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; Triglycerides

Black rice is rich in anthocyanins, especially cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G). This study examined the effects of a C3G-rich extract from black rice on hyperlipidaemia induced by a high fat/cholesterol diet (HFCD) in rats.. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either HFCD or HFCD containing 150 mg kg⁻¹ body weight C3G (HFCD+C3G) for 4 weeks. We found that C3G significantly decreased serum levels of total cholesterol, free cholesterol, triglycerides, and free fatty acids in rats fed a HFCD. Similarly, hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride levels and the activities of hepatic lipogenic enzymes (malic enzyme and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) were significantly reduced by C3G supplementation.. These results suggest that C3G can ameliorate HFCD-induced hyperlipidaemia in part by modulating the activities of hepatic lipogenic enzymes.

Topics: Animals; Anthocyanins; Cholesterol; Dietary Supplements; Down-Regulation; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glucosides; Hyperlipidemias; Hypolipidemic Agents; Lipogenesis; Liver; Malate Dehydrogenase; Male; Oryza; Phytotherapy; Pigmentation; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Seeds; Triglycerides