curcumin and Systemic-Inflammatory-Response-Syndrome

The aim: To investigate the effects of bioflavonoids (curcumin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate and quercetin) on nitro-oxidative stress and the functions of submandibular SGs in rats under alcohol exposure during SIR.. Materials and methods: The studies were conducted on 35 rats of the Wistar line weighing 205-220 g, divided into 5 groups of seven animals in each: the 1st group, control group I, included animals receiving isotonic sodium chloride solution intragastrically twice a day; the 2nd group, control group II, included rats exposed to alcohol (in a dose of 24 mg/kg intragastrically through gavage a twice a day) for last 2 weeks during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced SIR; the rats of the 3rd, 4th and 5th groups exposed to alcohol during LPS-induced SIR, which also received bioflavonoids. The bioflavonoids ("Sigma-Aldrich, Inc.", USA) were as following: curcumin (in a daily dose of 200 mg/kg), epigallocatechin-3-gallate (in a daily dose of 40 mg/kg), and quercetin (in a daily dose of 200 mg/kg), respectively. SIR was induced by intraperitoneal administration of Salmonella typhi LPS (during the first week a dose of 0.4 μg/kg of body weight was administered 3 times a week; during the next 7 weeks of the experiment rats received 0.4 μg/kg of body weight once a week. The formation of superoxide anion radical (О2 -), activity of NO-synthase - total (NOS), its constitutive and inducible isoforms (cNOS, iNOS), and concentration of peroxynitrites and S-nitrosothiols were evaluated spectrophotometrically. To assess the functional status of submandibular SGs in their homogenate we determined α-amylase activity (spectrophotometrically) and the aquaporin-5 concentration (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). through gav-age with orogastric cannul.. Results: When applying bioflavonoids under the conditions of alcohol administration during SIR, NADH-induced .О2 - production decreased and yielded to the result in the control group II by 36.8% under administering curcumin, by 34.5% under administering epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and by 41.3% under administering quercetin. The total NOS activity in SGs tissues was inferior by 42.8% to the relevant data in the control group II (under curcumin administration), by 33.7% (under epigallocatechin-3-gallate administration) and by 46.6% (under quercetin administration); and the iNOS activity decreased by 47.0, 38.3 and 52.0%, respectively. Under the administration of bioflavonoids peroxynitrites concentration in the submandibular SGs tissues was inferior to the control group II by 35.6% (under curcumin administration), by 37.4% (under epigallocatechin-3-gallate administration), and by 39.3% (under quercetin administration); the content of S-nitrosothiols was lower by 34.5, 31.1 and 35.3%, respectively. The administration of bioflavonoids led to the changes in α-amylase activity in the submandibular SGs tissues: its values exceeded the relevant data in the control group II by 40.4% (under curcumin administration), by 38.2% (under epigallocatechin-3-gallate administration), and by 34.1% (under quercetin administration); under those conditions aquaporin-5 concentration grew in 2.66, 2.61 and 2.55 times, respectively.. Conclusions: The use of bioflavonoids (curcumin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and quercetin) under the combined administration of 40% ethanol solution and LPS considerably limits the development of nitro-oxidative stress in the tissues of the submandibular SGs. The administration of the bioflavonoids increases the level of cNOS coupling, and improves the functional status of the submandibular SGs under the combined administration of alcohol and LPS enhancing the activity of α-amylase and concentration of aquaporin-5.

Topics: alpha-Amylases; Animals; Aquaporin 5; Body Weight; Curcumin; Ethanol; Flavonoids; Lipopolysaccharides; Oxidative Stress; Peroxynitrous Acid; Quercetin; Rats; Rats, Wistar; S-Nitrosothiols; Salivary Glands; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome

Endurance running places substantial physiological strain on the body, which can develop into chronic inflammation and overuse injuries, negatively affecting subsequent training and performance. A recent study found that dietary polyphenols and methlysulfonylmethane (MSM) can reduce systemic inflammation and oxidative stress without adverse side effects.. The purpose was to identify a set of candidate protein and RNA biomarkers that are associated with improved outcomes related to inflammation and muscle injury, when athletes used 3 proprietary supplements both prior to and during early recovery from a half-marathon race.. The study was an open-label pilot study.. The study was field based, with sample analysis conducted in the Applied Physiology Laboratory in the Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion and Recreation at the University of North Texas in Denton, Texas.. Participants were 15 young, exercise-trained men and women.. The intervention group consumed 1000 mg/d of a proprietary 50-50 mix of optimized curcumin and pomegranate extract for 26 days. The group also consumed 500 mg/d of a proprietary MSM for the same period. Three days prior to and one day after a race, the daily dosage was doubled. The control group received no supplements.. Venous blood samples were collected at pre-race and at 4h and 24h after running a half-marathon race. The research team evaluated results for target proteins that have been associated with inflammation and muscle injury in the scientific literature. The team also performed an analysis of RNA biomarkers.. At the 4h and 24h time points, a significant treatment-response was observed that included increases in proteins: (1) osteonectin/SPARC-osteonectin/secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine and (2) BDNF-brain-derived neurotrophic factor. At the same points, the study also found increased RNA: (1) PACER-P50-associated COX-2 extragenic RNA, (2) PTGES-prostaglandin E synthase, (3) MYD88-innate immune signal transduction adaptor MYD88, (4) TNFS14-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily member 14, (5) THRIL-TNF and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (HNRNPL)-related immunoregulatory long noncoding RNA, (6) TRAF6-TNF receptor associated factor 6, (7) CX3CL1-C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1, (8) MALAT1-metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1, and (9) LINC00305-long intergenic nonprotein coding RNA 305.. The combination of polyphenol and MSM supplementation resulted in a systemic response that may translate to an accelerated rate of muscle recovery, allowing participants return to exercise and normal activities more quickly. This pilot study is the foundation for a larger investigation in the research team's laboratory.

Topics: Biomarkers; Curcumin; Dietary Supplements; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Female; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Inflammation; Male; Marathon Running; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; Osteonectin; Pilot Projects; Plant Extracts; Polyphenols; Pomegranate; RNA; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Sulfones; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome