curcumin and Swine-Diseases

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging swine enteropathogenic coronavirus (CoV) that causes lethal watery diarrhea in neonatal pigs and poses economic and public health burdens. Currently, there are no effective antiviral agents against PDCoV. Curcumin is the active ingredient extracted from the rhizome of turmeric, which has a potential pharmacological value because it exhibits antiviral properties against several viruses. Here, we described the antiviral effect of curcumin against PDCoV. At first, the potential relationships between the active ingredients and the diarrhea-related targets were predicted through a network pharmacology analysis. Twenty-three nodes and 38 edges were obtained using a PPI analysis of eight compound-targets. The action target genes were closely related to the inflammatory and immune related signaling pathways, such as the TNF signaling pathway, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, and so on. Moreover, IL-6, NR3C2, BCHE and PTGS2 were identified as the most likely targets of curcumin by binding energy and 3D protein-ligand complex analysis. Furthermore, curcumin inhibited PDCoV replication in LLC-PK1 cells at the time of infection in a dose-dependent way. In poly (I:C) pretreated LLC-PK1 cells, PDCoV reduced IFN-β production via the RIG-I pathway to evade the host's antiviral innate immune response. Meanwhile, curcumin inhibited PDCoV-induced IFN-β secretion by inhibiting the RIG-I pathway and reduced inflammation by inhibiting IRF3 or NF-κB protein expression. Our study provides a potential strategy for the use of curcumin in preventing diarrhea caused by PDCoV in piglets.

Topics: Animals; Antiviral Agents; Coronavirus; Curcumin; Diarrhea; LLC-PK1 Cells; Swine; Swine Diseases

Emerging coronaviruses represent serious threats to human and animal health worldwide, and no approved therapeutics are currently available. Here, we used Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) as the alpha-coronavirus model, and investigated the antiviral properties of curcumin against TGEV. Our results demonstrated that curcumin strongly inhibited TGEV proliferation and viral protein expression in a dose-dependent manner. We also observed that curcumin exhibited direct virucidal abilities in a dose-, temperature- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, time-of-addition assays showed that curcumin mainly acted in the early phase of TGEV replication. Notably, in an adsorption assay, curcumin at 40 µM resulted in a reduction in viral titres of 3.55 log TCID

Topics: Animals; Antiviral Agents; Cell Line; Curcumin; Gastroenteritis, Transmissible, of Swine; Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; Swine; Swine Diseases; Transmissible gastroenteritis virus; Virus Attachment; Virus Replication

This study was conducted to characterize the effects of infection with a pathogenic F-18 Escherichia coli and 3 different plant extracts on gene expression of ileal mucosa in weaned pigs. Weaned pigs (total = 64, 6.3 ± 0.2 kg BW, and 21-d old) were housed in individual pens for 15 d, 4 d before and 11 d after the first inoculation (d 0). Treatments were in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement: with or without an F-18 E. coli challenge and 4 diets (a nursery basal, control diet [CON], 10 ppm of capsicum oleoresin [CAP], garlic botanical [GAR], or turmeric oleoresin [TUR]). Results reported elsewhere showed that the plant extracts reduced diarrhea in challenged pigs. Total RNA (4 pigs/treatment) was extracted from ileal mucosa of pigs at d 5 post inoculation. Double-stranded cDNA was amplified, labeled, and further hybridized to the microarray, and data were analyzed in R. Differential gene expression was tested by fitting a mixed linear model in a 2 × 4 factorial ANOVA. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted by DAVID Bioinformatics Resources 6.7 (DAVID; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [NIAID, NIH], http://david.abcc.ncifcrf.gov). The E. coli infection altered (P < 0.05) the expression of 240 genes in pigs fed the CON (148 up- and 92 down-regulated). Compared with the infected CON, feeding CAP, GAR, or TUR altered (P < 0.05) the expression of 52 genes (18 up, 34 down), 117 genes (34 up- and 83 down-regulated), or 84 genes (16 up- and 68 down-regulated), respectively, often counteracting the effects of E. coli. The E. coli infection up-regulated (P < 0.05) the expression of genes related to the activation of immune response and complement and coagulation cascades, but down-regulated (P < 0.05) the expression of genes involved in protein synthesis and accumulation. Compared with the CON, feeding CAP and GAR increased (P < 0.05) the expression of genes related to integrity of membranes in infected pigs, indicating enhanced gut mucosa health. Moreover, feeding all 3 plant extracts reduced (P < 0.05) the expression of genes associated with antigen presentation or other biological processes of immune responses, indicating they attenuated overstimulation of immune responses caused by E. coli. These findings may explain why diarrhea was reduced and clinical immune responses were ameliorated in infected pigs fed plant extracts. In conclusion, plant extracts altered the expression of genes in ileal mucosa of E. coli-infected pigs, perhaps leading to the

Topics: Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Capsicum; Curcuma; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Escherichia coli Infections; Garlic; Ileum; Intestinal Mucosa; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Plant Extracts; Swine; Swine Diseases; Transcriptome