curcumin and Skin-Diseases

Curcumin is a unique molecule naturally obtained from rhizomes of Curcuma longa. Curcumin has been reported to act on diverse molecular targets like receptors, enzymes, and co-factors; regulate different cellular signaling pathways; and modulate gene expression. It suppresses expression of main inflammatory mediators like interleukins, tumor necrosis factor, and nuclear factor κB which are involved in the regulation of genes causing inflammation in most skin disorders. The topical delivery of curcumin seems to be more advantageous in providing a localized effect in skin diseases. However, its low aqueous solubility, poor skin permeation, and degradation hinder its application for commercial use despite its enormous potential. Lipid-based nanocarrier systems including liposomes, niosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, lyotropic liquid crystal nanoparticles, lipospheres, and lipid nanocapsules have found potential as carriers to overcome the issues associated with conventional topical dosage forms. Nano-size, lipophilic nature, viscoelastic properties, and occlusive effect of lipid nanocarriers provide high drug loading, hydration of skin, stability, enhanced permeation through the stratum corneum, and slow release of curcumin in the targeted skin layers. This review particularly focuses on the application of lipid nanocarriers for the topical delivery of curcumin in the treatment of various skin diseases. Furthermore, preclinical studies and patents have also indicated the emerging commercialization potential of curcumin-loaded lipid nanocarriers for effective drug delivery in skin disorders. Graphical Abstract.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Curcumin; Drug Carriers; Humans; Nanoparticles; Nanostructures; Skin Absorption; Skin Diseases

Inflammation is a biological function which triggered after the mechanical tissue disruption or from the responses by the incidence of physical, chemical or biological negotiator in body. These responses are essential act provided by the immune system during infection and tissue injury to maintain normal tissue homeostasis. Inflammation is a quite complicated process at molecular level with the involvement of several proinflammatory expressions. Several health problems are associated with prolonged inflammation, which effects nearly all major to minor diseases. The molecular and epidemiological studies jagged that the inflammation is closely associated with several disorders with their specific targets. It would be great achievement for human health around the world to overcome on inflammation. Mostly used anti-inflammatory drugs are at high risk of side effects and also expensive. Hence, the plant-based formulations gained a wide acceptance by the public and medical experts to treat it. Due to extensive dispersal, chemical diversity and systematically established biological potentials of natural products have induced renewed awareness as a gifted source for medications. However, today's urgent need to search for cheaper, more potent and safe anti-inflammatory medications to overcome on current situation. The goal of this review to compile an update on inflammation, associated diseases, molecular targets, inflammatory mediators and role of natural products. The entire text concise the involvement of various cytokines in pathogenesis of various human disorders. This assignment discussed about 321 natural products with their promising anti-inflammatory potential discovered during January 2009 to December 2018 with 262 citations.

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Biological Products; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Inflammation; Neoplasms; Skin Diseases

Curcumin is a compound isolated from turmeric, a plant known for its medicinal use. Recently, there is a growing interest in the medical community in identifying novel, low-cost, safe molecules that may be used in the treatment of inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. An increasing amount of evidence suggests that curcumin may represent an effective agent in the treatment of several skin conditions. We examined the most relevant in vitro and in vivo studies published to date regarding the use of curcumin in inflammatory, neoplastic, and infectious skin diseases, providing information on its bioavailability and safety profile. Moreover, we performed a computational analysis about curcumin's interaction towards the major enzymatic targets identified in the literature. Our results suggest that curcumin may represent a low-cost, well-tolerated, effective agent in the treatment of skin diseases. However, bypass of limitations of its in vivo use (low oral bioavailability, metabolism) is essential in order to conduct larger clinical trials that could confirm these observations. The possible use of curcumin in combination with traditional drugs and the formulations of novel delivery systems represent a very promising field for future applicative research.

Topics: Animals; Curcumin; Dermatologic Agents; Humans; Skin; Skin Diseases; Treatment Outcome

Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic and yellow pigment obtained from the spice turmeric, has strong antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. Due to these properties, curcumin has been used as a remedy for the prevention and treatment of skin aging and disorders such as psoriasis, infection, acne, skin inflammation, and skin cancer. Curcumin has protective effects against skin damage caused by chronic ultraviolet B radiation. One of the challenges in maximizing the therapeutic potential of curcumin is its low bioavailability, limited aqueous solubility, and chemical instability. In this regard, the present review is focused on recent studies concerning the use of curcumin for the treatment of skin diseases, as well as offering new and efficient strategies to optimize its pharmacokinetic profile and increase its bioavailability.

Topics: Animals; Biological Availability; Curcumin; Dermatologic Agents; Humans; Skin; Skin Diseases; Treatment Outcome

The purpose of this article is to introduce the role of turmeric in medicine and summarize the current state of research on its applications. Turmeric (Curcuma longa) has had a wide range of uses in middle eastern and orietnal traditional medicine. Currently, however, its use has been truncated to a common cooking spice, despite numerous studies pointing to its healing properties and possible use in the treatment of many diseases. The main focus is on curcumin, a polyphenol which serves as the biologically active component of turmeric. Curcumin's anti-inflammatory effects have been well documented in medical studies, with wide ranging applications from the treatment of rheumatologic diseases such as arthritis to dermatology, with significant effects in the treatment of psoriasis, acne and in relieving of itching. In addition to the effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines, curcumin can also accelerate healing of skin wounds. Apart from controlling the body's inflammatory response, curcumin has a bacteriostatic effect, which has been shown to be an important factor in the treatment of diseases with complex etiology. Additionally, studies show that curcumin's effects on oncogenesis, the process of metastasis, angiogenesis, apoptosis or response to cytostatic drugs have yielded promising results. It has been confirmed that its antioxidant effect correlates with a decrease in LDL levels in blood and to a reduced risk of atherosclerosis. Curcumin consumption has also been shown to have a vasodilating effect through its indirect impact on prostacyclins and directly on vascular endothelium. Many of the mention medicinal properties of turmeric are still the subject of research and debate; as such, only some of them have entered the phase of clinical trials.

Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Curcuma; Curcumin; Humans; Plants, Medicinal; Protective Agents; Skin Diseases; Spices; Wound Healing

Turmeric root (Curcuma longa) is predominantly used as a spice, but has also long been known to possess antimicrobial, analgesic, antiinflammatory, and anticancer properties. One predominant group of active compounds in turmeric are curcuminoids, namely bright yellow-pigmented curcumin. While modern science has yet to fully investigate the therapeutic claims of turmeric and its derivatives, results have proven promising in decreasing pain and inflammation in arthritis, improving insulin sensitivity in diabetes, and even curing a variety of infections. The purpose of this review is to discuss the potential for curcumin as an agent against microbial infections, with a special focus on the skin and in the development of bacterial biofilms. Curcumin has demonstrated bactericidal efficacy against a variety of infections when administered with antibiotics in several clinical studies, with consistent antimicrobial activity demonstrated in vitro, as well as in urinary tract infections, gingival infections, and chronic wound infections. Hypothesized mechanisms of action include curcumin's ability to perturb bacterial membranes, disturb protofillament assembly, and even impair bacterial virulence factors. Further investigation is needed to fully understand which organisms are most susceptible to the effects of curcumin and how curcumin can be implemented in dermatology to treat skin conditions such as chronic wounds and acne vulgaris. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Biofilms; Curcumin; Humans; Skin; Skin Diseases

Ferulic acid, a natural phytochemical has gained importance as a potential therapeutic agent by virtue of its easy commercial availability, low cost and minimal side-effects. It is a derivative of curcumin and possesses the necessary pharmacokinetic properties to be retained in the general circulation for several hours. The therapeutic effects of ferulic acid are mediated through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It exhibits different biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-carcinogenic, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, neuroprotective actions, etc. The current review addresses its therapeutic effects under different pathophysiological conditions (eg. cancer, cardiomyopathy, skin disorders, brain disorders, viral infections, diabetes etc.).

Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Cardiomyopathies; Cell Differentiation; Coumaric Acids; Curcumin; Diabetes Complications; Humans; Inflammation; Parkinson Disease; Schwann Cells; Skin Diseases

Curcumin, or diferuloylmethane, is a crystalline compound which gives the East Asian spice turmeric its bright yellow color. The medicinal properties of this spice have been referenced in numerous countries and cultures throughout the world. Today, there is growing scientific evidence suggesting curcumin's utility in the treatment of chronic pain, inflammatory dermatoses, acceleration of wound closure, skin infections, as well as cosmetic ailments such as dyspigmentation. In addition, curcumin may have a protective role against various pollutants and cytotoxic agents, indicating that it may be beneficial in a mitigational or prophylaxis role. Although turmeric has been used for thousands of years in alternative medicine, curcumin has yet to emerge as a component of our mainstream dermatologic therapeutic armamentarium. Interestingly, curcumin provides an ideal alternative to current therapies because of its relative safety profile even at high doses. Although the advantageous properties of curcumin in medicine are well established, its therapeutic potential thus far has been limited because of its poor oral bioavailablity. Topical administration of curcumin can directly deliver it to the affected tissue making it useful in treating skin-related disorders. However, limitations still exist such as the cosmetically unpleasing bright yellow-orange color, its poor solubility, and its poor stability at a high pH. Here the current literature detailing the potential and current use of curcumin in dermatology is reviewed.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Curcuma; Curcumin; Humans; Lichen Planus; Melanoma; Psoriasis; Scleroderma, Diffuse; Skin Diseases; Skin Neoplasms

Phosphorylase kinase (PhK) is a unique enzyme in which the spatial arrangements of the specificity determinants can be manipulated to allow the enzyme to recognize substrates of different specificities. In this way, PhK is capable of transferring high energy phosphate bonds from ATP to serine/threonine and tyrosine moieties in serine/threonine kinases and tyrosine kinases, thus playing a key role in the activation of multiple signaling pathways. Phosphorylase kinase is released within five minutes following injury and is responsible for activating inflammatory pathways in injury-activated scarring following burns. In photo-damaged skin, PhK plays an important role in promoting photocarcinogenesis through activation of NF-kB-dependent signaling pathways with inhibition of apoptosis of photo-damaged cells, thus promoting the survival of precancerous cells and allowing for subsequent tumor transformation. Curcumin, the active ingredient in the spice, turmeric, is a selective and non-competitive PhK inhibitor. By inhibition of PhK, curcumin targets multiple PhK-dependent pathways, with salutary effects on a number of skin diseases induced by injury. In this paper, we show that curcumin gel produces rapid healing of burns, with little or no residual scarring. Curcumin gel is also beneficial in the repair of photo-damaged skin, including pigmentary changes, solar elastosis, thinning of the skin with telangiectasia (actinic poikiloderma), and premalignant lesions such as actinic keratoses, dysplastic nevi, and advanced solar lentigines, but the repair process takes many months.

Topics: Apoptosis; Burns; Curcumin; Enzyme Inhibitors; Gels; Humans; I-kappa B Kinase; NF-kappa B; Phosphorylase Kinase; Signal Transduction; Skin Aging; Skin Diseases

In recent years, considerable interest has been focused on curcumin a compound, isolated from turmeric. Curcumin is used as a coloring, flavoring agent and has been traditionally used in medicine and cuisine in India. The varied biological properties of curcumin and lack of toxicity even when administered at higher doses makes it attractive to explore its use in various disorders like tumors of skin, colon, duodenum, pancreas, breast and other skin diseases. This chapter reviews the data on the use of curcumin for the chemoprevention and treatment of various skin diseases like scleroderma, psoriasis and skin cancer. Curcumin protects skin by quenching free radicals and reducing inflammation through nuclear factor-KB inhibition. Curcumin treatment also reduced wound-healing time, improved collagen deposition and increased fibroblast and vascular density in wounds thereby enhancing both normal and impaired wound-healing. Curcumin has also been shown to have beneficial effect as a proangiogenic agent in wound-healing by inducing transforming growth factor-beta, which induces both angiogenesis and accumulation of extracellular matrix, which continues through the remodeling phase of wound repair. These studies suggest the beneficial effects of curcumin and the potential of this compound to be developed as a potent nontoxic agent for treating skin diseases.

Topics: Animals; Curcumin; Humans; Models, Biological; Phytotherapy; Skin Diseases; Skin Neoplasms; Wound Healing

Curcuma longa has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. Skin inflammation impairs skin functions.. Our aim was to investigate the effect of a hot water extract of C longa (WEC) on skin conditions in cell studies using keratinocytes and in clinical trials.. We measured proinflammatory cytokine levels in ultraviolet B-irradiated keratinocytes in the presence or absence of WEC. The effects of WEC on hyaluronan production in keratinocytes were also determined. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 47 healthy participants were assigned to 8-week intervention groups with daily intakes of WEC with or without curcumin or a placebo. The water content and transepidermal water loss in the face and minimal erythema dose on the back after ultraviolet B irradiation were evaluated every 4 weeks.. Hot water extract of C longa significantly inhibited increases in ultraviolet B-induced tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β at the mRNA and protein levels. WEC also significantly increased hyaluronan production from nonstimulated keratinocytes. In the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, increases from baseline in the water content of the face were significantly greater at weeks 4 and 8 in the WEC group, but not in the WEC + curcumin group, than in the placebo group. There were no significant differences in transepidermal water loss and minimal erythema dose among the groups.. The cell studies confirmed that WEC has anti-inflammatory effects and augments hyaluronan production in the skin. The results of clinical trials suggest that WEC may be useful for moisturizing facial skin.. UMIN Clinical Trials Registry 000028510. Retrospectively registered.

Topics: Adult; Cells, Cultured; Curcuma; Double-Blind Method; Female; Hot Temperature; Humans; Keratinocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Skin Diseases; Ultraviolet Rays; Water

Obesity can induce chronic low-grade inflammation via oxidative stress. Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) is a major curcumin metabolite with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, but little is known about its effects on the skin of obese individuals. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of THC on inflammatory cytokine production, oxidative stress, and autophagy in the skin of mice with high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced obesity. Eight-week-old C57BL/6J mice were fed a regular diet, HFD (60% of total calories from fat), or HFD supplemented with THC (100 mg/kg/day orally) for 12 weeks. We measured their body weights during the experimental period. After 12-week treatments, we performed western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses on skin samples to evaluate the expression of inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers, and autophagy markers. We observed higher tumor necrosis factor-

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Autophagy; Body Weight; Curcumin; Cytokines; Diet, High-Fat; Inflammation; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Obese; Obesity; Oxidative Stress; Signal Transduction; Skin; Skin Diseases; Temperature

Traditional wound dressings are not effective enough to regulate the moisture content and remove excessive exudate from the environment. Wet wound dressings formed from hydrogels such as alginate are widely used in clinical practice for treatment of skin disorders. Here, we functionalize alginate dressings with natural antioxidants such as curcumin and t-resveratrol to render them both anti-inflammatory and antibacterial. The hydrogel maintains excellent mechanical properties and oxygen permeability over time. The release rate of the compounds from the hydrogels is assessed and their impact on bacterial and cellular growth is evaluated. The antioxidant compounds act as bactericidal agents and improve cell viability. The optimal concentration of active compounds in the engineered alginate-based dressings is determined.

Topics: Alginates; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antioxidants; Bandages; Biocompatible Materials; Curcumin; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Liberation; Humans; Hydrogels; Oxygen; Resveratrol; Skin Diseases; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus

Curcumin (CUM) possesses therapeutic activity against diverse skin disorders (SD); however, its clinical use faces many challenges related to physicochemical and bioavailability characteristics, that can be solve designing a new drug delivery system for CUM to treat SD. Cationic solid lipid nanoparticles (CSLN) were developed and physicochemically analyzed. The ingredients and methods adopted in this study promoted the successful preparation of CSLN with a monodispersed particle size of 218.4-238.6 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.156-0.350. A differential scanning calorimetric assay demonstrated that CUM was incorporated. The atomic force microscopy images showed uniform spherical particles, and light scattering technique confirmed the size of the particles. The zeta potential of the CSLN was +23.1 to +30.1 mV, which is important in targeting the drug to the diseased tissue that presents unregulated apoptosis. All formulations behaved as controlled drug delivery systems of CUM, as demonstrated by an in vitro drug release study, which delayed the start of drug release from formulations. At the end of the experiment, the formulations had released 14.74-21.23% of the incorporated CUM. In conclusion, the results suggest the potential of this CSLN as a controlled CUM delivery system for the treatment of SD.

Topics: Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Cations; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Curcumin; Delayed-Action Preparations; Dermatologic Agents; Drug Carriers; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Liberation; Lipids; Microscopy, Atomic Force; Nanoparticles; Particle Size; Skin Diseases

Herbal products have steadily gained popularity as alternatives to conventional, synthetic medications and are sought after by patients for the treatment of chronic dermatologic diseases and for cosmeceutical use. The production and distribution of botanical extracts is largely unregulated and therefore extensive research into their mechanism of action, safety, physiologic stability, and optimal dosing has been overlooked. One of the major pathways through which natural supplements, particularly polyphenols, act is via inhibition of oxidative stress and its downstream mediators. Endogenous defense mechanisms are inadequate to combat oxidative stress and therefore dietary and/or topical supplementation with polyphenols are an important complementary preventative and therapeutic strategy. This review focuses on the molecular targets of common polyphenols used in topical preparations, particularly soy, green tea, oats, curcumin, and silymarin. Continued research into bioavailability and function of these agents will help translate their therapeutic potential to treat clinical disease.

Topics: Avena; Curcumin; Glycine max; Humans; Oxidative Stress; Phytotherapy; Plant Preparations; Silymarin; Skin; Skin Diseases; Tea

Mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.) is a unique spice having morphological resemblance with ginger but imparts a raw mango flavour. The main use of mango ginger rhizome is in the manufacture of pickles and culinary preparations. Ayurveda and Unani medicinal systems have given much importance to mango ginger as an appetizer, alexteric, antipyretic, aphrodisiac, diuretic, emollient, expectorant and laxative and to cure biliousness, itching, skin diseases, bronchitis, asthma, hiccough and inflammation due to injuries. The biological activities of mango ginger include antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity, antifungal activity, anti-inflammatory activity, platelet aggregation inhibitory activity, cytotoxicity, antiallergic activity, hypotriglyceridemic activity, brine-shrimp lethal activity, enterokinase inhibitory activity, CNS depressant and analgesic activity. The major chemical components include starch, phenolic acids, volatile oils, curcuminoids and terpenoids like difurocumenonol, amadannulen and amadaldehyde. This article brings to light the major active components present in C. amada along with their biological activities that may be important from the pharmacological point of view.

Topics: Analgesics; Anti-Allergic Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antiemetics; Antioxidants; Bacteria; Curcuma; Curcumin; Humans; Hydroxybenzoates; Hypersensitivity; Inflammation; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oils, Volatile; Pain; Plant Extracts; Rhizome; Skin Diseases; Terpenes

The present paper deals with the medicinal plants used by the people of Assam for curing different skin ailments and for cosmetics. A total of 85 plants belonging to 49 families have been documented for their therapeutic use against skin diseases and as herbal care. The herbal medicines were prepared from various plant parts of single plant, or multiple plants. The majority of the preparation was made using water as the medium. The mode of application was topical, but in many cases it was also administered orally. In several cases the pure herbal preparations was administered along with milk, ghee, honey, coconut oil, curd, etc. Remedies for 18 skin ailments were documented through this study. About 14 plants are known for their use to cure multiple skin diseases. Among these Curcuma longa and Melia azaderach constitute the major plants. The herbal cosmetic products used by the people of Assam ranges from the enhancement of skin colour, hair care, removal of ugly spots, colouring of nails, palms, and teeth. However, many of the plant preparations used for enhancing beauty were also applied for therapeutic use. Herbal remedies were also available for skin burns, prickly heat and pimples. Information on nine plants used for managing dry skin also emerged from this study.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Cosmetics; Curcuma; Ethnobotany; Humans; India; Medicine, Traditional; Melia azedarach; Phytotherapy; Plant Preparations; Skin Diseases

Herbs have been used in clinical medicine for thousands of years. However, it is only in recent times that we have been able to employ scientific methods to prove the efficacy of many of these herbs and to give us a better understanding of their mechanisms of action. This article will focus on the use of herbs in various dermatological conditions characterized by inflammation and pruritus. Topical preparations of many of these herbs are more commonplace in Europe. However, their availability is increasing in the US. As this is occurring we are witnessing a growing marriage between alternative and traditional medicines.

Topics: Aloe; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antipruritics; Astringents; Bromelains; Calendula; Capsaicin; Chamomile; Curcuma; Fatty Acids, Essential; Glycyrrhiza; Humans; Magnoliopsida; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Oils; Plants, Medicinal; Skin Diseases