curcumin and Metabolic-Syndrome

Metabolic syndrome is characterized by multiple metabolic disorders. Several studies indicated that curcumin plus piperine could affect lipids profiles in various diseases. The present meta-analysis aims to assess the effect of curcumin plus piperine on lipid profiles in patients with MetS and associated disorders using a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Trials were searched by several electronic databases up to May 2022. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) version3 software carried out this systematic review and meta-analysis. Random-effects model and the inverse variance method were used to conduct the meta-analysis. We evaluated the publication bias and heterogeneity of all eligible studies. In addition, subgroup analyses and sensitivity assessments were performed to assess potential sources of heterogeneity. The combined results by the random-effects model demonstrated that curcumin plus piperine significantly decreased total cholesterol and LDL-C in patients suffering from metabolic syndrome. In comparison, the results of the overall effect size did not show any significant change in triglyceride concentrations. Our results were robust in sensitivity analysis and were not dependent on the dose of curcumin, the dose of piperine, and the duration of treatment. Our results showed that co-administration of piperine and curcumin supplementation improves the lipid profile in metabolic syndrome. However, further long-term RCTs are required to ascertain their clinical benefit.

Topics: Curcumin; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Triglycerides

The aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis for assessing the effectiveness and safety of dietary polyphenol curcumin supplement on metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress indices in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS).. A comprehensive search for clinical trials was conducted in the following scientific databases: PubMed, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, and China Biological Medicine. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy and safety of curcumin supplement for MetS were identified. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed using inverse variance, and efficacy was expressed as mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). The metabolic syndrome markers that were evaluated in the present study included waist circumference (WC), fasting blood sugar (FBS), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), interleukin 6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), ultrasensitive c-reactive protein (hsCRP), and malondialdehyde (MDA). By employing the Cochrane tool, RCTs were assessed for bias risk.. A total of 785 participants from 13 RCTs were included, with intervention durations ranging from 4 to 12 weeks. Compared with the control group, the curcumin group had positive effects on WC (MD = -2.16, 95% CI: -3.78 to -0.54,. Curcumin exhibited promising potential in enhancing markers associated with metabolic syndrome, including inflammation. However, additional studies are required to confirm such findings since the included evidence is limited and has a relatively high heterogeneity.. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier CRD42022362553.

Topics: Curcuma; Curcumin; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Inflammation; Metabolic Syndrome; Oxidative Stress; Polyphenols; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

This study aims to comprehensively review the existing evidence and conduct analysis of updated randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of turmeric (Curcuma longa, CL) and its related bioactive compounds on glycemic and metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), prediabetes, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) together with a sub-group analysis of different CL preparation forms.. An umbrella review (UR) and updated systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRMAs) were conducted to evaluate the effects of CL compared with a placebo/standard treatment in adult T2DM, prediabetes, and MetS. The MEDLINE, Embase, The Cochrane Central Register of Control Trials, and Scopus databases were searched from inception to September 2022. The primary efficacy outcomes were hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) and fasting blood glucose (FBG). The corrected covered area (CCA) was used to assess overlap. Mean differences were pooled across individual RCTs using a random-effects model. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed for various CL preparation forms.. Fourteen SRMAs of 61 individual RCTs were included in the UR. The updated SRMA included 28 studies. The CCA was 11.54%, indicating high overlap across SRMAs. The updated SRMA revealed significant reduction in FBG and HbA1C with CL supplementation, obtaining a mean difference (95% confidence interval [CI]) of -8.129 (-12.175, -4.084) mg/dL and -0.134 (-0.304, -0.037) %, respectively. FBG and HbA1C levels decreased with all CL preparation forms as did other metabolic parameters levels. The results of the sensitivity and subgroup analyses were consistent with those of the main analysis.. CL supplementation can significantly reduce FBG and HbA1C levels and other metabolic parameters in T2DM and mitigate related conditions, including prediabetes and MetS.. PROSPERO (CRD42016042131).

Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Curcuma; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Metabolic Syndrome; Prediabetic State; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Systematic Reviews as Topic

Metabolic syndrome (MS) involves people with the following risk factors: obesity, hypertension, high glucose level and hyperlipidemia. It can increase the risk of heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of MS in the world's adult population is about 20%-25%. Today, there is much care to use medicinal plants. Turmeric (Curcuma longa) as well as curcumin which is derived from the rhizome of the plant, has been shown beneficial effects on different components of MS. Thus, the purpose of this manuscript was to introduce different in vitro, in vivo and human studies regarding the effect of turmeric and its constituent on MS. Moreover, different mechanisms of action by which this plant overcomes MS have been introduced. Based on studies, turmeric and its bioactive component, curcumin, due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, have antidiabetic effects through increasing insulin release, antihyperlipidemic effects by increasing fatty acid uptake, anti-obesity effects by decreasing lipogenesis, and antihypertensive effects by increasing nitric oxide. According to several in vivo, in vitro and human studies, it can be concluded that turmeric or curcumin has important values as a complementary therapy in MS. However, more clinical trials should be done to confirm these effects.

Topics: Curcuma; Curcumin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Plant Extracts; Rhizome

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disorder of excessive fat accumulation in the liver, known as steatosis, without alcohol overconsumption. NAFLD can either manifest as simple steatosis or steatohepatitis, known as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is accompanied by inflammation and possibly fibrosis. Furthermore, NASH might progress to hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD and NASH prevalence is in a continuous state of growth, and by 2018, NAFLD became a devastating metabolic disease with a global pandemic prevalence. The pathophysiology of NAFLD and NASH is not fully elucidated, but is known to involve the complex interplay between different metabolic, environmental, and genetic factors. In addition, unhealthy dietary habits and pre-existing metabolic disturbances together with other risk factors predispose NAFLD development and progression from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, and eventually to fibrosis. Despite their growing worldwide prevalence, to date, there is no FDA-approved treatment for NAFLD and NASH. Several off-label medications are used to target disease risk factors such as obesity and insulin resistance, and some medications are used for their hepatoprotective effects. Unfortunately, currently used medications are not sufficiently effective, and research is ongoing to investigate the beneficial effects of different drugs and phytochemicals in NASH. In this review article, we outline the different risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms involved in NAFLD, diagnostic procedures, and currently used management techniques.

Topics: Curcumin; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Liver; Liver Transplantation; Metabolic Syndrome; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Obesity; Plant Preparations; Resveratrol; Risk Factors

The finding of studies on the effect of curcumin extract on metabolic factor in patients with metabolic syndrome has had arguable results. This systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) aimed to analyze the effect of curcumin/turmeric on metabolic factors in patients with metabolic syndrome. The PICO strategy was used to establish the guiding question of this review. Several databases for RCT were searched until September 2018. Of the 144 articles initially identified, seven trials met the eligibility criteria. A random-effects model with a mean weight difference (WMD) and a 95% confidence interval was performed for quantitative data synthesis. Pooled estimates of WMD were calculated between intervention and control groups using random-effects model in the presence of high level of heterogeneity between the studies. The results showed significant improvement of fasting blood glucose (p = 0.01), triglycerides (p < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.003), and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.007) levels. Curcumin was not associated with a significant change in waist circumference measurement (p = 0.6) and systolic blood pressure level (p = 0.269). Curcumin supplementation improves some components of metabolic syndrome.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Curcumin; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Middle Aged; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Young Adult

Clinical evidence suggests that curcuminoids, as a natural polyphenol, can provide support for cardioprotection and glucose metabolism. This meta-analysis assessed the efficacy and safety of curcumin with respect to improving glucose metabolism in patients with cardiovascular risk factors.. Four databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Embase) were searched up to June 2018. The inclusion criteria included (i) randomised controlled trials (RCT) and (ii) subjects with risk factors for cardiovascular disease supplemented with curcumin and curcuminoids. A random-effects model and a standardised mean difference with a 95% confidence interval were used to perform quantitative data synthesis. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were conducted to assess the effects.. Fourteen eligible RCT with 1277 subjects were included. In the overall analyses, curcumin led to significant decreases in fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). The subgroup analyses suggested that curcumin or combined curcuminoids were more effective at reducing FBG and HbA1c in type 2 diabetes patients than in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Supplementation with curcuminoids at doses ≥300 mg day. Curcumin or combined curcuminoids could exert cardioprotective effects in patients at risk for cardiovascular disease by improving glucose metabolism. However, further high-quality studies and larger sample sizes are required to confirm these results.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Curcumin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diarylheptanoids; Dietary Supplements; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Middle Aged; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

Complementary and alternative treatment modalities are commonly utilized by patients for neuropathy and neuropathic pain due to perceived lack of benefit from conventional medical treatment. As the association between metabolic syndrome and neuropathy is increasingly recognized, diet and lifestyle interventions are becoming important components in the management of neuropathy. Progress in the understanding of the gut-immune interaction highlights the role the gut microbiome and inflammation plays in the modulation of neuropathy and neuropathic pain. Evidence for nutritional interventions, exercise, supplements, acupuncture, and mindfulness-based practices in the treatment of neuropathic pain is encouraging. This article reviews the available evidence to support the safe use of complementary and alternative treatments for commonly encountered conditions associated with neuropathy and neuropathic pain. Muscle Nerve 60: 124-136, 2019.

Topics: Acetylcarnitine; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Curcumin; Diet; Diet Therapy; Dietary Supplements; Dysbiosis; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Folic Acid; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Integrative Medicine; Life Style; Metabolic Syndrome; Neuralgia; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Pyridoxal Phosphate; Thioctic Acid; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamin D

This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), were performed to determine the effects of curcumin intake on glycemic control and lipid profiles among patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and related disorders.. We searched the following databases up until January 2018: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The relevant data were extracted and evaluated for quality of the studies in accordance with the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Data were pooled using the inverse variance method and expressed as standardized mean difference (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).. Twenty-six trials with 1890 participants were included in the current meta-analysis. The findings demonstrated the significant association between curcumin intake and reduced fasting glucose levels (SMD -0.78; 95% CI, -1.20, -0.37; P<0.001), homeostasis model of assessment-estimated insulin resistance (SMD -0.91; 95% CI, -1.52, -0.31; P=0.003) and HbA1c (SMD -0.92; 95% CI, -1.37, -0.47; P<0.001). In addition, curcumin supplementation was significantly associated with triglyceride (SMD -1.21; 95 % CI, -1.78, -0.65; P<0.001) and total cholesterol reduction (SMD -0.73; 95 % CI, -1.32, -0.13; P= 0.01). However, curcumin intake significantly increased insulin levels (SMD 0.92; 95% CI, 0.06, 1.78; P=0.036). We found no significant effect of curcumin supplementation on LDL- (SMD -0.52; 95% CI, -1.14, 0.11; P=0.10) and HDL-cholesterol levels (SMD 0.28; 95% CI, -0.22, 0.77; P=0.27).. Overall, curcumin consumption was associated with a significant reduction in fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, triglycerides and total cholesterol levels among patients with MetS and related disorders, but did not affect LDL- and HDL-cholesterol levels.

Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Curcumin; Humans; Lipids; Metabolic Syndrome; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

Current research indicates curcumin [diferuloylmethane; a polyphenolic compound isolated from the rhizomes of the dietary spice turmeric (

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Biological Availability; Cardiovascular Diseases; Curcuma; Curcumin; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Neurodegenerative Diseases

Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), affecting at least 30% of adults in the Western World, is characterized by three out of five variables, from high triglycerides, to elevated waist circumference and blood pressure. MetS is not characterized by elevated cholesterolemia, but is rather the consequence of a complex interaction of factors generally leading to increased insulin resistance. Drug treatments are of difficult handling, whereas well-characterized nutraceuticals may offer an effective alternative. Among these, functional foods, e.g. plant proteins, have been shown to improve insulin resistance and reduce triglyceride secretion. Pro- and pre-biotics, that are able to modify intestinal microbiome, reduce absorption of specific nutrients and improve the metabolic handling of energy-rich foods. Finally, specific nutraceuticals have proven to be of benefit, in particular, red-yeast rice, berberine, curcumin as well as vitamin D. All these can improve lipid handling by the liver as well as ameliorate insulin resistance. While lifestyle approaches, such as with the Mediterranean diet, may prove to be too complex for the single patient, better knowledge of selected nutraceuticals and more appropriate formulations leading to improved bioavailability will certainly widen the use of these agents, already in large use for the management of these very frequent patient groups. Key messages Functional foods, e.g. plant proteins, improve insulin resistance. Pro- and pre-biotics improve the metabolic handling of energy-rich foods. Nutraceutical can offer a significant help in handling MetS patients being part of lifestyle recommendations.

Topics: Berberine; Biological Products; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Curcumin; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Lipoprotein Lipase; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Plant Proteins, Dietary; Prebiotics; Probiotics; Risk Factors; Vitamin D; Waist Circumference

The World Health Organization (WHO) for some years has been focusing on what is now commonly referred to as an "epidemic of obesity and diabetes" ("diabesity"): behind this outbreak, there are several risk factors grouped in what is called "metabolic syndrome" (MetS). The basis of this "epidemic" is either a diet too often characterized by excessive consumption of saturated and trans-esterified fatty acids, simple sugars and salt, either a sedentary lifestyle.. The aim of this review is to focus on the phytochemicals that have a more positive effect on the treatment and/or prevention of MetS.. Treatment strategies for MetS include pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic options, with varying degrees of success rate. The first is indicated for patients with high cardiovascular risk, while the second one is the most cost-effective preventive approach for subjects with borderline parameters and for patients intolerant to pharmacological therapy. MetS non-pharmacological treatments could involve the use of nutraceuticals, most of which has plant origins (phytochemicals), associated with lifestyle improvement. The chapter will discuss the available evidence on soluble fibres from psyllium and other sources, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid and other cinnamon phytochemicals, berberine, corosolic acid from banaba, charantin from bitter gourd, catechins and flavonols from green tea and cocoa. Vegetable omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, alliin from garlic, soy peptides, and curcumin from curcuma longa.. Some nutraceuticals, when adequately dosed, should improve a number of the MetS components.

Topics: Acrolein; Berberine; Catechin; Cinnamates; Curcumin; Diet; Dietary Fiber; Dietary Supplements; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Flavonols; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Phytochemicals; Psyllium

Many nutrients are known for a wide range of activities in prevention and alleviation of various diseases. Recently, their potential role in regulating human health through effects on epigenetics has become evident, although specific mechanisms are still unclear. Thus, nutriepigenetics/nutriepigenomics has emerged as a new and promising field in current epigenetics research in the past few years. In particular, polyphenols, as part of the central dynamic interaction between the genome and the environment with specificity at physiological concentrations, are well known to affect mechanisms underlying human health. This review summarizes the effects of dietary compounds on epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of gene expression including expression of enzymes and other molecules responsible for drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion in cancer, metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative disorders and hormonal dysfunction.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Coffee; Curcumin; Diet; Epigenesis, Genetic; Folic Acid; Food; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Neoplasms; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Phytoestrogens; Polyphenols; S-Adenosylmethionine; Selenium; Trace Elements; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamins

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is an obesity-associated collection of disorders, each of which contributes to cardiovascular risk. For patients with MS, it is difficult to follow a diet/exercise regime that would improve their symptoms. Therefore, the investigation of agents that may deal with its more serious aspects is an important medical field for research. Numerous experimental studies have confirmed the important role of medicinal plants or their active components in the prevention and treatment, and in lowering risk factors of MS. As oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in the association between obesity, insulin resistance (IR) and hypertension, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory plant components like polyphenols might be useful as a treatment for MS. The aqueous extract of Hibiscus Sabdariffa L (HSE), rich in several polyphenols, is commonly and effectively used in native medicines against hypertension, diabetes and liver disorders. HSE has also shown therapeutic promise in the prevention of MS in patients, probably due to its polyphenol content. Curcumins, derived from the spice turmeric, and resveratrol, polyphenols found in grapes and red wine respectively, in addition to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, inhibit preadipocyte proliferation, de novo lipogenesis and fat accumulation in liver. Thus, due to their efficacy in the regulation of multiple targets, polyphenols have received considerable interest as potential therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of MS. This review discusses the therapeutic use of HSE, as well as curcumin and resveratrol, in the context of obesity as an initiator of insulin resistance and hypertension, the two main features of MS, together with the underlying mechanisms of action.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Curcumin; Hibiscus; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Resveratrol; Stilbenes

Greater understanding about the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and potential causes suggests that plant polyphenols might be useful as a treatment. Dietary excess energy can be stored in adipocytes, leading to the release of proinflammatory cytokines and adipose-related hormones that cause vascular injury. Plant polyphenols, organic compounds found in numerous plant species and their fruits, are being actively studied as potential treatments for components of the metabolic syndrome. Individual polyphenols that have been examined include resveratrol, quercetin, epigallocathechin-3-gallate, and curcumin. Resveratrol lowers weight, blood pressure, glucose, and insulin resistance in rodents, and a human trial is currently underway. Quercetin decreases lipid and glucose levels in obese rats, and in a human investigation of subjects with the metabolic syndrome has lowered blood pressure without significant alteration of lipids. Epigallocathechin-3-gallate-induced weight loss has attenuated glucose levels and insulin resistance in rodents and improved hemoglobin A(1c) and lipid in human studies. Plant extracts also can be used. Grape seed and chokeberry extracts have decreased blood pressure and lipid levels in small human trials. Other human investigations have shown the beneficial effects of cocoa, coffee, carob, and Momordica charantia. Thus far, most studies have involved a small number of subjects and have been of short duration. Future studies should be designed to account for a disease process in which the pathogenic factors may take place for years before disease manifestations take place, the possibly limited bioavailability of polyphenols, and the potential need to provide combinations or modifications of polyphenols.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Catechin; Curcumin; Flavonoids; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Phenols; Plant Extracts; Polyphenols; Quercetin; Resveratrol; Stilbenes

Extensive research within the past two decades has revealed that obesity, a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, cancer, and other chronic diseases, is a proinflammatory disease. Several spices have been shown to exhibit activity against obesity through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Among them, curcumin, a yellow pigment derived from the spice turmeric (an essential component of curry powder), has been investigated most extensively as a treatment for obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases. Curcumin directly interacts with adipocytes, pancreatic cells, hepatic stellate cells, macrophages, and muscle cells. There, it suppresses the proinflammatory transcription factors nuclear factor-kappa B, signal transducer and activators of transcription-3, and Wnt/beta-catenin, and it activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and Nrf2 cell-signaling pathways, thus leading to the downregulation of adipokines, including tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6, resistin, leptin, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and the upregulation of adiponectin and other gene products. These curcumin-induced alterations reverse insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and other symptoms linked to obesity. Other structurally homologous nutraceuticals, derived from red chili, cinnamon, cloves, black pepper, and ginger, also exhibit effects against obesity and insulin resistance.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Curcumin; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Inflammation; Insulin Resistance; Metabolic Syndrome; Obesity

Increased intestinal permeability is a likely cause of various pathologies, such as allergies and metabolic or even cardiovascular disturbances. Intestinal permeability is found in many severe clinical situations and in common disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome. In these conditions, substances that are normally unable to cross the epithelial barrier gain access to the systemic circulation. To illustrate the potential harmfulness of leaky gut, we present an argument based on examples linked to protein or lipid glycation induced by modern food processing. Increased intestinal permeability should be largely improved by dietary addition of compounds, such as glutamine or curcumin, which both have the mechanistic potential to inhibit the inflammation and oxidative stress linked to tight junction opening. This brief review aims to increase physician awareness of this common, albeit largely unrecognized, pathology, which may be easily prevented or improved by means of simple nutritional changes.

Topics: Curcumin; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Food Handling; Food Hypersensitivity; Gastrointestinal Motility; Glutamine; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Humans; Inflammation; Intestinal Absorption; Metabolic Syndrome; Permeability

Following on from impressive economic development and urbanization, China is currently experiencing a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Patients with metabolic syndrome suffer from the "The Deadly Quartet" of hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, and central (or upper body) obesity. Current treatment strategies directed towards metabolic syndrome tend to be limited to just one of these four conditions, so developing novel drugs to target multiple metabolic abnormalities could be preferable to current approaches. New insights suggest benefits of natural agents as treatments for metabolic syndrome. Herein, we review the evidence for using nine such agents developed on the basis of traditional medicine or herbal preparations.

Topics: Animals; Anthocyanins; Berberine; China; Curcumin; Female; Flavanones; Genistein; Ginsenosides; Humans; Male; Medicine, Traditional; Metabolic Syndrome; Mice; Momordica charantia; Phytotherapy; Plant Preparations; Prevalence; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Rats; Resveratrol; Stilbenes

Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Curcuma; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Hypertension; Inflammation; Insulin Resistance; Metabolic Syndrome; Obesity; Obesity, Abdominal

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) as a cluster of conditions including hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and abdominal obesity is linked to cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Evidence suggested that intake of curcumin and coenzyme Q10 may have therapeutic effects in the management of MetS.. We investigated the effects of curcumin and/or coenzyme Q10 supplementation on metabolic syndrome components including systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), waist circumference (WC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) as primary outcomes, and total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) and body mass index (BMI) as secondary outcomes in subjects with MetS.. In this 2 × 2 factorial, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study, 88 subjects with MetS were randomly assigned into four groups including curcumin plus placebo (CP), or coenzyme Q10 plus placebo (QP), or curcumin plus coenzyme Q10 (CQ), or double placebo (DP) for 12 weeks.. The CP group compared with the three other groups showed a significant reduction in HDL-c (P = 0.001), TG (P <  0.001), TC (P <  0.001), and LDL-c (P <  0.001). No significant differences were seen between the four groups in terms of SBP, DBP, FPG, WC, BMI and weight.. Curcumin improved dyslipidemia, but had no effect on body composition, hypertension and glycemic control. Furthermore, coenzyme Q10 as well as the combination of curcumin and coenzyme Q10 showed no therapeutic effects in subjects with MetS. The trial was registered on 09/21/2018 at the Iranian clinical trials website (IRCT20180201038585N2), URL: https://www.irct.ir/trial/32518 .

Topics: Blood Glucose; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Curcumin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Hypertension; Iran; Metabolic Syndrome; Triglycerides; Ubiquinone

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is one of the most important health hazards. Curcumin is extracted from Curcuma longa (turmeric), which can affect the components of MetS. To increase the oral bioavailability of curcumin, nano-micelle curcumin is used instead of curcumin powder. In this randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial, 50 patients with MetS were randomly assigned to two groups to receive either 80 mg/day nano-curcumin (n = 25) or placebo (n = 25), for 12 weeks anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and biochemical factors-including fasting blood sugar (FBS), Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), pancreatic β cell function (HOMA-β) and lipid profile-were assessed at the baseline and the end of the study. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS software (Version 23). The analysis between the two groups has illustrated a significant reduction in the average change of triglyceride (TG) levels (-60.5 ± 121.7 vs. 13.1 ± 78.1 mg/dL; p < .05) and HOMA-β (-5.7 ± 48.2 vs. -4.01 ± 16.9; p < .05). But there were no significant differences in anthropometric measurements, blood pressure and biochemical factors-including FBS, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, and lipid profile variables include (total cholesterol, LDL-C, and HDL-C) at the end of the study. In conclusion, supplementation with nano-micelle curcumin significantly improved serum TG in MetS patients.

Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Curcumin; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Glycemic Control; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Lipids; Metabolic Syndrome; Nanomedicine

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in many societies. Arterial stiffness is an initial sign of structural and functional changes in the arterial wall. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is the gold standard for non-invasive evaluation of aortic stiffness and a modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. Curcumin is a major component of turmeric with known anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. Since arterial stiffness is affected by inflammation and oxidative stress, it may be improved by curcumin supplementation. The purpose of this clinical trial was to investigate the potential effects of curcumin on improving arterial stiffness in patients with metabolic syndrome. This placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted among metabolic syndrome patients. Sixty-six eligible individuals were randomly assigned to active intervention or control groups. The active intervention group received curcumin supplement at a dose of 500 mg daily for 12 weeks, whereas the control group received placebo capsule. Physical activity, daily dietary energy intake, anthropometric body composition, and biochemical hemodynamic and arterial stiffness parameters were evaluated at baseline and at the end of the study. Body weight decreased significantly in the curcumin group compared to placebo. Also, curcumin intervention improved PWV, which remained significant after adjustment for potential confounding factors (p = 0.011). The current clinical trial demonstrated that daily intake of 500 mg of curcumin for 12 weeks can lead to the improvement of arterial stiffness and weight management among subjects with metabolic syndrome.

Topics: Blood Pressure; Curcumin; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Pulse Wave Analysis; Vascular Stiffness

Inflammation has been shown to accompany Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and its features. Cathepsin D is one of a proinflammatory mediator. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the effect of curcumin supplementation on serum cathepsin D levels in patients with MetS.. The current study was conducted on 18-65 years old individuals with MetS diagnosed according to the International Diabetes Federation guidelines. A total of 80 participants were randomly divided into treatment and control groups. The first group (n=40) was given 2 capsules containing 500 mg of phosphatidylcholine complex of curcumin, and the other group (n=40) was given two 500 mg placebo capsules for 6 weeks. Before (week 0) and after (week 6) the intervention, anthropometric indices and blood pressure were measured and blood samples were taken. Serum cathepsin D was measured using an ELISA kit.. There was no significant difference between treatment and control groups in terms of weight, body mass index, waist circumference and serum cathepsin D levels before and after the intervention. In addition, there was no significant difference between pre- and post-trial values of serum cathepsin D.. The present results do not suggest any effect of curcumin on cathepsin D levels in patients with MetS.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cathepsin D; Curcumin; Female; Humans; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Middle Aged; Young Adult

Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Curcumin; Double-Blind Method; Female; Heat-Shock Proteins; Humans; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Middle Aged; Molecular Chaperones; Phospholipids; Placebos

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined by a clustering of metabolic and anthropometric abnormalities and is associated by an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. We have investigated the effect of curcumin supplementation on the serum pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB) in patients with MetS. This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted over 6 weeks. Subjects (n = 120) were randomly allocated to one of three groups (curcumin, phospholipidated curcumin, and placebo). The curcumin group received 1 g/day of simple curcumin, the phospholipidated curcumin group received 1 g/day of phospholipidated curcumin (containing 200 mg of pure curcumin), and the control group received 1 g/day of placebo. Serum PAB was measured before and after the intervention (at baseline and at 6 weeks). Data analyses were performed using spss software (version 16.0). Serum PAB increased significantly in the curcumin group (p < 0.001), but in the phospholipidated curcumin group, elevation of PAB level was not significant (p = 0.053). The results of our study did not suggest any improvement of PAB following supplementation with curcumin in MetS subjects. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Curcumin; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Middle Aged; Phospholipids; Reactive Oxygen Species

Vitamin E is an important lipid-soluble antioxidant. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of curcumin on serum vitamin E levels in subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS). A total of 120 subjects aged 18-65 years old with MetS were recruited in this study according to the International Diabetic Federation Criteria. Included subjects were randomized into three groups: subjects receiving lecithinized curcumin (1 g/day equivalent to 200-mg pure curcumin per day) for a period of 6 weeks )n = 40), patients receiving unformulated curcumin (1 g/day) for a period of 6 weeks )n = 40) and a control group receiving placebo for the same period (n = 40). Vitamin E was determined in all patients before and after the intervention using high-performance liquid chromatography method. Results showed that curcumin has no improving effect on serum levels of vitamin E (p > 0.05). There were significant differences between pre-trial and post-trial levels of vitamin E/low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (p < 0.05), vitamin E/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (p < 0.05), vitamin E/total cholesterol ratio (p < 0.01) and vitamin E/triglyceride ratio (p < 0.05) between the three groups of the study. Results of the present study did not suggest any improving effect of curcumin supplementation on serum vitamin E concentrations in subjects with MetS. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Curcumin; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Middle Aged; Vitamin E; Young Adult

Previous experimental studies have suggested curcumin as a safe phytochemical that can improve insulin resistance through effects on adiponectin and leptin. This study aimed to investigate the effect of curcumin on circulating adiponectin and leptin concentrations in patients with metabolic syndrome.. In this pilot, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, subjects who met the criteria of metabolic syndrome according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria were randomly assigned to curcumin (n = 59; 1000 mg/d) or a placebo (n = 58) for 8 wk. Serum adiponectin and leptin concentrations were determined before and after intervention. The pooled effect size for the impact of curcumin supplementation on serum adiponectin and leptin levels was also estimated using random-effects metaanalysis.. Eight-week supplementation with curcumin was associated with a significant increase in serum adiponectin levels (P < 0.001) and a reduction in serum leptin concentrations (P < 0.001). Serum leptin:adiponectin ratio was also improved by curcumin (P < 0.001). These beneficial effects of curcumin remained significant after adjustment for changes in serum lipids and glucose concentrations and baseline differences in body mass index and serum levels of glucose and glycated hemoglobin as potential confounders of treatment response. Metaanalysis suggested that curcumin supplementation can increase adiponectin levels by 76.78% (95% CI: 6.14-147.42; P = 0.0330), and reduce leptin by 26.49% (95% CI: -70.44 to 17.46), however this latter effect size did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.238).. Curcumin can improve serum levels of adiponectin and leptin in patients with metabolic syndrome. This trial was registered at the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/) under Trial No. UMIN000018339.

Topics: Adipokines; Adiponectin; Adult; Blood Glucose; Curcumin; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Leptin; Lipids; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Middle Aged; Pilot Projects

Cytokines are involved in the development of metabolic abnormalities that may result in metabolic syndrome (MetS). Since curcumin has shown anti-inflammatory properties, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of curcumin supplementation on serum cytokines concentrations in subjects with MetS.. This study was a post-hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial in which males and females with diagnosis of MetS, according to the criteria defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines, were studied. Subjects who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to either curcumin (daily dose of 1g/day) or a matched placebo for a period of 8 weeks.. One hundred and seventeen subjects were assigned to either curcumin (n=59) or placebo (n=58) groups. Within-group analysis revealed significant reductions in serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, TGF-β and MCP-1 following curcumin supplementation (p<0.001). In the placebo group, serum levels of TGF-β were decreased (p=0.003) but those of IL-6 (p=0.735), TNF-α (p=0.138) and MCP-1 (p=0.832) remained unaltered by the end of study. Between-group comparison suggested significantly greater reductions in serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, TGF-β and MCP-1 in the curcumin versus placebo group (p<0.001). Apart from IL-6, changes in other parameters remained statistically significant after adjustment for potential confounders including changes in serum lipids and glucose levels, and baseline serum concentration of the cytokines.. Results of the present study suggest that curcumin supplementation significantly decreases serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines in subjects with MetS.

Topics: Adipokines; Adult; Curcumin; Cytokines; Female; Humans; Male; Metabolic Syndrome

Oxidative stress and inflammation have been proposed as emerging components of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Curcuminoids are natural polyphenols with strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.. To study the effectiveness of supplementation with a bioavailable curcuminoid preparation on measures of oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with MetS. Our secondary aim was to perform a meta-analysis of data from all randomized controlled trials in order to estimate the effect size of curcuminoids on plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations.. In this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial, 117 subjects with MetS (according to the NCEP-ATPIII diagnostic criteria) were randomly assigned to curcuminoids (n = 59; drop-outs = 9) or placebo (n = 58; drop-outs = 8) for eight weeks. Curcuminoids were administered at a daily dose of 1 g, and were co-supplemented with piperine (10 mg/day) in order to boost oral bioavailability. Serum activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and CRP were measured at baseline and at study end. Regarding the importance of CRP as a risk marker and risk factor of cardiovascular disease, a random-effects meta-analysis of clinical trials was performed to estimate the overall impact of curcuminoid therapy on circulating concentrations of CRP. The robustness of estimated effect size was evaluated using leave-one-out sensitivity analysis.. Supplementation with curcuminoid-piperine combination significantly improved serum SOD activities (p < 0.001) and reduced MDA (p < 0.001) and CRP (p < 0.001) concentrations compared with placebo. Quantitative data synthesis revealed a significant effect of curcuminoids vs. placebo in reducing circulating CRP concentrations (weighed mean difference: -2.20 mg/L; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -3.96, -0.44; p = 0.01). This effect was robust in sensitivity analysis.. Short-term supplementation with curcuminoid-piperine combination significantly improves oxidative and inflammatory status in patients with MetS. Curcuminoids could be regarded as natural, safe and effective CRP-lowering agents.

Topics: Adult; Alkaloids; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Benzodioxoles; Biological Availability; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; C-Reactive Protein; Curcumin; Databases, Factual; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Male; Malondialdehyde; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Metabolic Syndrome; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Piperidines; Polyunsaturated Alkamides; Superoxide Dismutase

This randomized, controlled study aims to evaluate the tolerability and the efficacy of curcumin in overweight subjects affected from metabolic syndrome, with a focus on impaired glucose intolerance and android-type fat accumulation.. Forty-four subjects, selected among those who after 30 days of diet and intervention lifestyle have shown a weight loss < 2%, have been treated for further 30 days either with curcumin complexed with phosphatidylserine in phytosome form or with pure phosphatidylserine. Outcomes concerning anthropometric measurements and body composition were analyzed at enrollment and after 30 and 60 days.. Curcumin administration increased weight loss from 1.88 to 4.91%, enhanced percentage reduction of body fat (from 0.70 to 8.43%), increased waistline reduction (from 2.36 to 4.14%), improved hip circumference reduction from 0.74 to 2.51% and enhanced reduction of BMI (from 2.10 to 6.43%) (p < 0.01 for all comparisons). Phosphatidylserine did not show any statistical significant effect. Tolerability was very good for both treatments, and no drop-out was reported.. Although preliminary, our findings suggest that a bioavailable form of curcumin is well-tolerated and can positively influence weight management in overweight people.

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Aged; Biological Availability; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Curcumin; Dietary Supplements; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Middle Aged; Overweight; Risk Reduction Behavior; Weight Loss

The impact of a natural supplement (Kepar; Rikrea, Italy), containing several plant extracts such as curcuma longa, silymarin, guggul, chlorogenic acid, and inulin, was evaluated in 78 patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS; 45 men; age: 62 ± 9 years). Kepar at a dose of 2 pills/d was given for 4 months as add-on therapy to the ongoing treatment, maintained at fixed doses for the entire study. Anthropometric variables, plasma lipids, glucose parameters, and oxidative stress were measured at baseline and after 4 months. We found significant reductions in body weight (from 81.1 ± 13.5 to 79.4 ± 12.5 kg, P < .0001), body mass index (from 29.6 [23.7] to 29.3 [21.9] kg/m(2), P = .001), and waist circumference (from 105 ± 11 to 102 ± 10 cm, P = .0004) as well as in fasting glucose (from 6.5 [11.7] to 6.4 [7.6] mmol/L, P = .014) and total cholesterol (from 4.8 ± 1.4 to 4.5 ± 1.0 mmol/L, P = .03). No significant changes were found in the other appraised parameters, including oxidative stress. In conclusion, after few months of treatment Kepar seems to exert beneficial effects in patients with MetS. Larger studies with a longer follow-up period are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.

Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Chlorogenic Acid; Cholesterol; Commiphora; Curcuma; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Inulin; Italy; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Phytotherapy; Pilot Projects; Plant Extracts; Plant Gums; Plants, Medicinal; Silymarin; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Weight Loss

To compare the clinical efficacy of Black seeds and Turmeric alone and its co-administration in lower doses among patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS).. Double-blind-randomized-controlled trial.. Hijrat colony, Karachi, Pakistan.. Apparently healthy males (n=250), who screened positive for MetS, were randomized to either Black seeds (1.5g/day), Turmeric (2.4g/day), its combination (900mg Black seeds and 1.5g Turmeric/day) or placebo for 8 weeks.. body-mass-index (BMI), body-fat-percent (BF%), waist-circumference (WC), hip-circumference (HC), blood pressure (BP), lipid-profile (cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and TG), fasting blood glucose (FBG) and c-reactive protein (CRP).. At 4 weeks, compared to baseline, Black seed and Turmeric alone showed improvement in BMI, WC and BF%. Combination improved all parameters except HDL-cholesterol with lower FBG and LDL-cholesterol as compared to placebo. At 8 weeks, compared to placebo, Black seeds reduced lipids and FBG, while Turmeric reduced LDL-cholesterol and CRP. Interestingly, combination group with 60% dose of the individual herbs showed an improvement in all parameters from baseline. When compared to placebo, it reduced BF%, FBG, cholesterol, TG, LDL-cholesterol, CRP and raised HDL-cholesterol.. Turmeric and Black seeds showed improvement in all parameters of metabolic syndrome, when co-administered at 60% of doses of individual herbs with enhanced efficacy and negligible adverse-effects. The combination of Black seeds and Turmeric can therefore, be recommended with lifestyle modification as a starting point for patients with MetS to halt its future complications and progression.

Topics: Adult; Curcuma; Humans; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Middle Aged; Nigella sativa; Pakistan; Phytotherapy; Plant Preparations

Human studies of curcumin extract on lipid-lowering effect have not been completely investigated and have had controversy results. This study tested the effect of daily curcumin extract for 12 weeks on weight, glucose, and lipid profiles in patients with metabolic syndrome. Sixty-five patients were randomized into two groups; 33 patients taking curcumin extract capsule (630 mg thrice daily) and 32 patients taking a placebo capsule thrice daily for 12 weeks. At 12 weeks after the curcumin extract consumption, the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) significantly increased from 40.96 ± 8.59 to 43.76 ± 2.79 mg/dL (p < 0.05), and the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) was significantly reduced (120.55 ± 36.81 to 106.51 ± 25.02 mg/dL, p < 0.05). The triglyceride-lowering effect, a reduction of 65 mg/dL, was also found in this study. In subgroups analysis, the consumption of curcumin may have a lowering cholesterol effect in male patients and an increasing HDL-C effect in female patients, both of which result in a decrease of T-Chol/HDL-C ratio. The intake of the curcumin extract of 1890 mg/day for 12 weeks was associated with lipid-lowering effect but did not improve weight and glucose homeostasis in the patients with metabolic syndrome. Daily curcumin consumption may be an alternative choice to modify cholesterol-related parameters, especially in metabolic syndrome patients.

Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Curcumin; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Middle Aged; Triglycerides

Dyslipidemia is an established feature of metabolic syndrome (MS) that is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Curcuminoids are natural products with anti-atherosclerotic and lipid-modifying effects but their efficacy in patients with MS has not yet been tested.. To investigate the effects of bioavailability-enhanced curcuminoids, as adjunctive to standard of care, on serum lipid concentrations in patients with MS.. Patients diagnosed with MS according to the NCEP-ATPIII criteria who were receiving standard of care were assigned to either curcuminoids (C3 complex(®); 1000 mg/day; n=50) or placebo (n=50; matched with drug capsules in shape and color) for 8 weeks. In order to improve the oral bioavailability, curcuminoids were co-administered with piperine (bioperine(®)) in a ratio of 100:1. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, small dense LDL (sdLDL), lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], and non-HDL-C were determined at baseline and at the end of 8-week treatment period.. Curcuminoids were more effective than placebo in reducing serum LDL-C, non-HDL-C, total cholesterol, triglycerides and Lp(a), and elevating HDL-C concentrations. However, changes in serum sdLDL levels were found to be comparable between the study groups. The effects of curcuminoids on triglycerides, non-HDL-C, total cholesterol and Lp(a) remained significant after adjustment for baseline values of lipids and body mass index.. Curcuminoids-piperine combination is an efficacious adjunctive therapy in patients with MS and can modify serum lipid concentrations beyond what is achieved with standard of care.

Topics: Adult; Alkaloids; Benzodioxoles; Curcumin; Female; Humans; Lipids; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Middle Aged; Piperidines; Polyunsaturated Alkamides

We aimed to identify the molecular mechanisms behind curcumin's therapeutic benefits for metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components.. The Comparative Toxicogenomics Database, MIENTURNET, Metascape, GeneMania, and Cytoscape software were critical analytic tools.. Curcumin may have therapeutic effects on MetS and its components via the following genes: NOS3, IL6, INS, and ADIPOQ, particularly PPARG. Curcumin has higher docking scores than other genes with INS and PPARG (docking scores: -8.3 and -5.8, respectively). Physical interactions (56%) were found to be the most prevalent for dyslipidemia, co-expression for hypertension, obesity, T2DM, and MetS. "Galanin receptor pathway", "lipid particles composition", "IL-18 signaling pathway", "response to extracellular stimulus", and "insulin resistance" were listed in the first of the key pathways for MetS, dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, and diabetes, respectively. The protein-protein interaction enrichment analysis study also identified "vitamin B12 metabolism," "folate metabolism," and "selenium micronutrient network" as three major molecular pathways linked to MetS targeted by curcumin. PPARG was the key transcription factor that regulated practically all curcumin-targeted genes linked to MetS and its components. Curcumin targeted hsa-miR-155-5p, which has been linked to T2DM, hypertension, and MetS, as well as hsa-miR-130b-3p and hsa-miR-22-3p, which have been linked to dyslipidemia and obesity, respectively. In silico, sponges that regulated hsa-miR-155-5p were developed and evaluated. Curcumin, MetS, and its components have been found to target adipocytes, cardiac myocytes, smooth muscle, the liver, and pancreas. Curcumin's physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetics are closely connected with its therapeutic advantages in MetS and its components due to its high gastrointestinal absorption, drug-likeness, water solubility, and lipophilic nature. Curcumin is a CYP1A9 and CYP3A4 inhibitor. Although curcumin has a low bioavailability, it can be synthesized and administered to increase its pharmacokinetic features.. Curcumin needs to undergo therapeutic optimization and further study into its pharmacological structure before it can be used to treat MetS and its components.

Topics: Curcumin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypertension; Metabolic Syndrome; MicroRNAs; Obesity; PPAR gamma; Transcription Factors

Vascular dysfunction predisposes to cardiovascular complications of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The current study investigated the mechanism(s) of curcumin's (CUR) protective effect against vascular reactivity irregularities in MetS. MetS was induced by feeding rats on high fructose high salt diet. Tension studies were undertaken in aortic rings to assess the influence of CUR on vasoconstrictor or vasorelaxant responses. The effect on advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) was studied by incubating aortic tissues with methylglyoxal, the AGEs precursor, in the absence and presence of CUR. In addition, CUR effects on in-vitro generation of AGEs and diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals were studied. The incubation with CUR for 1 hr produced significant and concentration-dependent alleviation of the exaggerated vasoconstriction observed in aortas isolated from MetS, however failed to improve the concomitant attenuation of vasodilatory responses to ACh in PE-precontracted aortas. By contrast, CUR caused direct concentration-dependent vasodilations of precontracted aortas, effects that were blunted after nitric oxide synthase inhibition by L-NAME. Similar to its effects in MetS aortas, CUR alleviated exaggerated PE vasoconstriction but did not affect impaired ACh vasodilations in AGEs-exposed aortas. In addition, CUR showed significant dose-dependent DPPH free radicals scavenging activity and inhibited both MG and fructose induced AGEs formation at the level of protein oxidation step as evident from the effect on dityrosine and N-formylkyramine. CUR alleviates exaggerated vasoconstriction in MetS through interfering with AGEs formation and AGEs-induced vascular injury. Free radical scavenging and direct vasodilatory activities could also participate in the advantageous vascular actions of CUR.

Topics: Animals; Aorta; Curcumin; Disease Models, Animal; Endothelium, Vascular; Free Radical Scavengers; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Pyruvaldehyde; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Vasoconstriction; Vasodilation

To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of curcumin on aorta in rats with metabolic syndrome,72 SD rats were randomly divided into blank control group,model control group,positive control group,curcumin low,middle and high dose groups.The rat model of metabolic syndrome was established in all groups except the blank control group. After the intervention by curcumin,the blood pressure,blood lipid,blood glucose,serum insulin and insulin sensitivity index were measured. The contents of serum leptin(LP),adiponectin(ADP) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in rat aorta were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and the pathological changes of rat thoracic aorta were observed by HE staining and electron microscope scanning. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(i NOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase(e NOS) in rats. The results showed that the blood lipid level,fasting blood glucose,fasting insulin,insulin sensitivity index,systolic blood pressure,LP,TNF-α and intima/media thickness ratio in the model control group were significantly higher than those in the blank control group. As compared with the model control group,the levels of blood lipids,fasting blood glucose,fasting insulin,insulin sensitivity index,systolic blood pressure,LP,TNF-α and intima/media thickness ratio were significantly decreased in positive control group,low,middle and high dose curcumin groups. The difference was statistically significant. The results of HE staining showed that the intima of the thoracic aorta in the model group was significantly thickened; the endothelial cell membrane was wrinkled and the organelle was ruptured. The intima of the thoracic aorta in the positive control group was slightly thickened and the structure of endothelial cells was intact,with no foam cells and no abnormality in the adventitia. There was no significant thickening of the thoracic aorta in the low,middle and high dose curcumin groups,and the endothelial cells were still intact. The results of Western blot assay showed that the expression levels of i NOS and e NOS were decreased significantly in the model group,while the expression levels of i NOS and e NOS were increased significantly in the positive control group and curcumin groups. The results indicated that curcumin had a certain protective effect on the aorta of rats with metabolic syndrome and improves the aortic endothelial dysfunction,and its mechanism may be r

Topics: Animals; Aorta; Aorta, Thoracic; Curcumin; Endothelial Cells; Metabolic Syndrome; Protective Agents; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Nanoparticle formulations improve bioavailability and so may allow low-dose formulations of food-derived compounds such as curcumin to attenuate chronic systemic disease despite intrinsically low oral bioavailability. The current study induced metabolic syndrome in male Wistar rats aged eight-nine weeks using a high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet (H) with corn starch diet (C) as control. Using a reversal protocol, rats were given curcumin as either nanoparticles encapsulated in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (5 mg/kg/day, HCNP) or as an unformulated low dose or high-dose suspension in water (low-dose, 5 mg/kg/day, HC5; high-dose, 100 mg/kg/day, HC100) or blank nanoparticles (HBNP) for the final eight weeks of the 16 week study. We analysed cardiovascular parameters including systolic blood pressure and left ventricular diastolic stiffness along with histopathology, liver parameters including plasma liver enzymes, histopathology and metabolic parameters, including glucose tolerance, blood lipid profile and body composition, and plasma curcumin concentrations. HC100 and HCNP but not HBNP normalised systolic blood pressure (C = 120 ± 4; H = 143 ± 5; HBNP = 141 ± 3; HC5 = 143 ± 4; HC100 = 126 ± 4; HCNP = 128 ± 4 mmHg), left ventricular diastolic stiffness and liver fat deposition. No other improvements were induced in HC100 or HCNP or other intervention groups (HC5 and HBNP). We conclude that 5 mg/kg/day curcumin nanoparticles in H rats showed similar improvements in cardiovascular function as 100 mg/kg/day unformulated curcumin correlating with similar plasma curcumin concentrations.

Topics: Animals; Biological Availability; Blood Pressure; Curcumin; Diet, Carbohydrate Loading; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Fats; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Liver; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Nanoparticles; Rats; Rats, Wistar

Cardiometabolic syndrome (CMetS) is a consolidation of metabolic disorders characterized by insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension. Curcumin, a natural bioactive compound, has been shown to possess notable anti-oxidant activity and it has also been included as a super natural herb in the super natural herbs database. Most of the beneficial effects of Curcumin are possibly due to activation of the nuclear receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). The present study investigates molecular interactions of curcumin with PPARγ protein through molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies. Further, effect of curcumin on high fat diet induced CMetS was studied in rats along with western blot for PPARγ and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expressions and histopathological studies. Computational studies presented several significant molecular interactions of curcumin including Ser289, His323, His449 and Tyr473 of PPARγ. The in vivo results further confirmed that curcumin was able to ameliorate the abnormal changes and also, increased PPARγ expressions. The results confirm our hypothesis that activation of PPARγ by curcumin possesses the therapeutic potential to ameliorate the altered levels of metabolic changes in rats in the treatment of CMetS. This is the first report of CMetS treatment by curcumin and study of its underlying mechanism through in silico as well as in vivo experiments.

Topics: Animals; Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Cardiovascular Diseases; Computer Simulation; Curcumin; Hydrogen Bonding; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Metabolic Syndrome; Molecular Docking Simulation; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; PPAR gamma; Rats, Wistar; Reproducibility of Results; Thermodynamics

The aim of the present research was to Study the prevention of dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, inflammation and fatty liver as risk factors for cardiovascular disease via intervention by borage oil (B) and fish oil (F) with or without turmeric (T) and alpha-tocopherols (TC). Fatty acids were assessed in both oils while curcuminoids were determined in turmeric. Rats were divided into; first group fed on balanced diet and designated as normal control (NC), second fed on dyslipidemic and steatohepatitis (DS) inducer diet which represented the DS control group and groups 3-6 fed on DS inducer diet with daily oral administration of B, B+T+TC, F and F+T+TC; respectively for 5 weeks. Liver fat and plasma lipid profile, oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarker and liver and heart histopathology were assessed. Results showed gamma linolenic to be 21.01% in B. F contained eicosapentaenoic as 22.768% and docosahexaenoic acid as 13.574%.Total curcuminoids were 4.63 mg/g turmeric. The DS control group showed significant dyslipidemia, elevated malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha and liver fat with significant reduction in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) compared to NC. The different treatments produced significant improvement in all the parameters and histopathology. F was superior to B in ameliorating liver histopathological changes while B was more efficient in elevating TAC. B was more promising in improving lipid profile and liver fat compared to B + T + TC, while the latter was superior in improving MDA and liver histopathology. Fish oil was more efficient than F+TC+T except for TAC and high density lipoprotein cholesterol which were more improved on addition of TC and T. Conclusion: Borage and fish oil with or without antioxidants protect from cardiovascular and fatty liver diseases with variable degrees.

Topics: alpha-Tocopherol; Animals; Antioxidants; Borago; Cardiovascular Diseases; Curcuma; Curcumin; Dietary Supplements; Dyslipidemias; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Fatty Liver; Fish Oils; Liver; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Myocardium; Plant Oils; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Seeds

This study aimed to investigate effects of curcumin on high fructose diet (HFD)-induced metabolic syndrome (MetS) in rats and the possible mechanisms involved. MetS was induced in male albino rats (n = 20), over 8 weeks, by 65% HFD. For 8-week experiment period, rats were assigned to 2 equal groups: curcumin-treated rats received curcumin (200 mg/kg, p.o, once daily) along with HFD, and untreated rats were fed with HFD only. We evaluated body mass (BM), systolic blood pressure (SBP), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and serum levels of glucose, insulin, leptin, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), uric acid, malondialdehyde (MDA; lipid peroxidation product), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α; inflammatory cytokine), and serum catalase (endogenous antioxidant) activity and immunohistochemical expression of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB; inflammation-related transcription factor) in hepatocytes. HFD produced increases in BM, SBP, HOMA-IR, and serum levels of glucose, insulin, leptin, TC, TGs, uric acid, MDA, and TNF-α, a decrease in catalase activity, and strong positive expression of NF-κB in hepatocytes. Curcumin, in presence of HFD, produced significant improvements in all glucose and fat metabolism parameters, and in oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers. Curcumin may potentially be useful in the treatment of MetS through its ability to modulate oxidation stress status and inflammation cascades.

Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Catalase; Cholesterol; Curcumin; Fructose; Hepatocytes; Insulin; Leptin; Liver; Male; Malondialdehyde; Metabolic Syndrome; NF-kappa B; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Uric Acid

Among noncommunicable diseases, metabolic syndrome (MS), a cluster of metabolic disorders including obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and hypertension, is highly prevalent in modern society. Its management requires lifestyle modifications and/or the life-long use of multiple medications, hence demanding development of safe alternative remedies. This study was aimed to establish the efficacy of combined use of black seeds and turmeric using fructose-fed rat model of MS. The high-performance liquid chromatographic fingerprints of turmeric and black seeds showed the presence of curcumin and thymoquinone, respectively, as their major constitutes. Different doses of black seeds and turmeric, individually and in combination, were administered to fructose-fed rats for up to 6 weeks representing characteristic features of MS. At 3 weeks of the treatment, black seeds and turmeric lowered (P < 0.01) high blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, respectively, whereas their coadministration reduced (P < 0.01) both high blood pressure and hypertriglyceridemia. At 6 weeks, the coadministration of both herbs, at half the doses of individual herbs, was the most effective (P < 0.001) in preventing hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and endothelial dysfunction than the individual herbs. This study demonstrates the therapeutic superiority of the combination of black seeds and turmeric at low doses over individually tested herbs, in improving features of MS.

Topics: Animals; Benzoquinones; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Cholesterol, LDL; Curcuma; Curcumin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fructose; Metabolic Syndrome; Phytotherapy; Plant Preparations; Rats; Seeds; Sweetening Agents; Treatment Outcome

Fructose consumption can induce insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, which are associated with glomerular podocyte dysfunction and proteinuria. This study investigated whether fructose caused insulin signaling impairment in podocyte dysfunction and injury, and whether curcumin reduced these disturbances.. Rats were fed with 10% fructose for 6 weeks and then orally cotreated with curcumin for next 6 weeks. Metabolic syndrome, podocyte injury, microRNA expression, and insulin signaling were evaluated. Curcumin significantly alleviated fructose-induced podocyte injury and proteinuria, miR-206 low-expression, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) overexpression, as well as downregulation of insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate 1, caveolin-1, protein kinase B, and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 phosphorylation in kidney cortex or glomeruli of fructose-fed rats. These effects were further confirmed in cultured differentiated podocytes exposed to 5 mM fructose in the presence or absence of curcumin, PTP1B siRNA, lentivirus-mediated PTP1B recombinant overexpression, miR-206 mimic, or miR-206 inhibitor transfection, showing that miR-206 upregulation may contribute to improve insulin signaling through regulating PTP1B expression.. Curcumin is suggested to activate miR-206 expression to downregulate PTP1B, and then improve insulin signaling, protect against fructose-induced glomerular podocyte injury, and proteinuria, which may provide new evidence regarding curcumin's effects on fructose-associated podocyte injury.

Topics: Animals; Curcumin; Fructose; Gene Expression Regulation; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; MicroRNAs; Podocytes; Protective Agents; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1; Proteinuria; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Up-Regulation

11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1) activates glucocorticoid locally in liver and fat tissues to aggravate metabolic syndrome. 11β-HSD1 selective inhibitor can be used to treat metabolic syndrome. Curcumin and its derivatives as selective inhibitors of 11β-HSD1 have not been reported.. Curcumin and its 12 derivatives were tested for their potencies of inhibitory effects on human and rat 11β-HSD1 with selectivity against 11β-HSD2. 200 mg/kg curcumin was gavaged to adult male Sprague-Dawley rats with high-fat-diet-induced metabolic syndrome for 2 months.. Curcumin exhibited inhibitory potency against human and rat 11β-HSD1 in intact cells with IC50 values of 2.29 and 5.79 µM, respectively, with selectivity against 11β-HSD2 (IC50, 14.56 and 11.92 µM). Curcumin was a competitive inhibitor of human and rat 11β-HSD1. Curcumin reduced serum glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein levels in high-fat-diet-induced obese rats. Four curcumin derivatives had much higher potencies for Inhibition of 11β-HSD1. One of them is (1E,4E)-1,5-bis(thiophen-2-yl) penta-1,4-dien-3-one (compound 6), which had IC50 values of 93 and 184 nM for human and rat 11β-HSD1, respectively. Compound 6 did not inhibit human and rat kidney 11β-HSD2 at 100 µM. In conclusion, curcumin is effective for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and four novel curcumin derivatives had high potencies for inhibition of human 11β-HSD1 with selectivity against 11β-HSD2.

Topics: 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1; 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2; Animals; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Curcumin; Diet, High-Fat; Humans; Kidney; Leydig Cells; Lipoproteins, LDL; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Microsomes; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Triglycerides