curcumin and Lymphoma--B-Cell

B cells are the only player of humoral immune responses by the production of various types of antibodies. However, B cells are also involved in the pathogenesis of several immune-mediated diseases. Moreover, different types of B cell lymphoma have also been characterized. Selective depletion of B cells by anti-CD20 and other B cell-depleting agents in the clinic can improve a wide range of immune-mediated diseases. B cells' capacity to act as cytokine-producing cells explains how they can control immune cells' activity and contribute to disease pathogenesis. Thus, researchers investigated a safe, low-cost, and effective treatment modality for targeting B cells. In this respect, curcumin, the biologically active ingredient of turmeric, has a wide range of pharmacological activities. Evidence showed that curcumin could affect various immune cells, such as monocytes and macrophages, dendritic cells, and T lymphocytes. However, there are few pieces of evidence about the effects of curcumin on B cells. This study aims to review the available evidence about curcumin's modulatory effects on B cells' proliferation, differentiation, and function in different states. Apart from normal B cells, the modulatory effects of curcumin on B cell lymphoma will also be discussed.

Topics: B-Lymphocytes; Curcuma; Curcumin; Cytokines; Lymphoma, B-Cell

The aim of this study was to investigate the antiproliferative effect of curcumin combined with cyclophosmide on the growth of human lymphoma cell line HT/CTX with drug resistance and its relation with FA/BRCA pathway. The inhibitory effects of the drugs on the growth of HT/CTX cells were determined by MTT assay. Cell cycle phase and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. The expression of FANCD2 protein in FA/BRCA pathway was determined by Western blot. The results indicated that the combination of curcumin with CTX had an additional synergistic inhibitory effects on the proliferation and cell cycle distribution of HT/CTX cells. The curcumin could enhance toxicity of CTX on HT/CTX cells through inhibition of FA/BRCA pathway which was realized by suppression of FANCD2 monoubiquitination. The curcumin combined with CTX could increase apoptosis inducing effect on HT/CTX cells, while the curcumin or CTX alone did not showed this effect, and without inhibition of FA/BRCA pahtway. It is concluded that combination of curcumin and CTX produces synergistic effects and reverses multiple drug resistance of HT/CTX cells effectively. The prevention of cells from entering the next cell cycle and down regulation of FANCD2 protein monoubiquitination may be involved in the mechanism.

Topics: BRCA1 Protein; Cell Proliferation; Curcumin; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Drug Synergism; Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group D2 Protein; Humans; Lymphoma, B-Cell; Signal Transduction; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a component of dietary spice turmeric (Curcuma longa), has been shown in recent studies to have therapeutic potential in the treatment of cancer, diabetes, arthritis, and osteoporosis. We investigated the ability of curcumin to modulate the growth of B lymphomas. Curcumin inhibited the growth of both murine and human B lymphoma in vitro and murine B lymphoma in vivo. We also demonstrate that curcumin-mediated growth inhibition of B lymphoma is through inhibition of the survival kinase Akt and its key target Bad. However, in vitro kinase assays show that Akt is not a direct target of curcumin. We identified a novel target for curcumin in B lymphoma viz spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk). Syk is constitutively activated in primary tumors and B lymphoma cell lines and curcumin down-modulates Syk activity accompanied by down-regulation of Akt activation. Moreover, we show that overexpression of Akt, a target of Syk, or Bcl-x(L), a target of Akt can overcome curcumin-induced apoptosis of B lymphoma cells. These observations suggest a novel growth promoting role for Syk in lymphoma cells.

Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; bcl-Associated Death Protein; bcl-X Protein; Caspases; CD79 Antigens; Cell Proliferation; Curcumin; Female; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; Humans; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Lymphoma, B-Cell; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Phosphorylation; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; Substrate Specificity; Syk Kinase; Tumor Cells, Cultured

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of curcumin on proliferation of B-NHL Raji cell line and explore the relationship between this effect and regulatory expression of p300 and HDAC1 transcription. The in vitro cultured Raji cells were treated with curcumin at various concentrations (6.25-50 micromol/L) and at different time points (0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours), the inhibitory ratio of cell growth was measured by MTT assay, the cell apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining, the changes of p300 and HDAC1 mRNA expression and protein level in Raji cells were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot. The results showed that the curcumin could inhibit Raji cell proliferation in significant time-and concentration-dependent manners, IC50 at 24 hours was 25 micromol/L; the curcumin could induce apoptosis of Raji cells in concentration-dependent manner, apoptosis rate was 14.38%-61.18%. The curcumin significantly inhibited activity and expression of p300 and HDAC1. At IC50 concentration, expression of p300 and HDAC1 mRNA and protein level decreased with time-dependent manner, difference between tested and control groups was significant (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the curcumin can inhibit proliferation of B-NHL Raji cells and promote apoptosis of those cells. Curcumin can inhibit the activity and expression of the transcriptional co-activator p300 and HDAC1, which may be involved in its pharmacological mechanisms on B lymphoma cells.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Cell Proliferation; Curcumin; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; E1A-Associated p300 Protein; Histone Deacetylase 1; Histone Deacetylases; Humans; Lymphoma, B-Cell; RNA, Messenger; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Epigenetic change is an important mechanism of oncogenesis. The inhibitors of methyltransferases and deacetylases, with epigenetic modificative effects, could inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of tumor cells. This study was to investigate the effects of curcumin on the acetylation of histone H3 and the expression of p21(WAF1/CIP1) gene in human lymphoma cell line Raji.. Raji cells were treated with 25 micromol/L curcumin. The levels of acetylated histone H3 and p21WAF1/CIP1 were detected by Western blot, the expression of p21(WAF1/CIP1) gene was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the level of acetylated histone H3 at the site of p21(WAF1/CIP1) promoter gene was examined by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Cell cycle distribution was studied by flow cytometry.. Curcumin induced hyperacetylation of histone H3 at the site of p21(WAF1/CIP1) promoter by 1.9 folds, and enhanced the levels of p21(WAF1/CIP1) mRNA by 4.2 folds and protein by 5.1 folds 24 h after treatment. Raji cells were arrested at G(2)/M phase when treated with curcumin for 24 h, and at G(0)/G(1) phase when treated for 36 h.. Curcumin, with epigenetic modificative effects, could enhance the acetylayion of histone H3 at the site of p21(WAF1/CIP1) promoter gene, improve transcription of p21(WAF1/CIP1) gene, and arrest cell cycle progression of Raji cells.

Topics: Acetylation; Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Cycle; Cell Line, Tumor; Curcumin; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; Epigenesis, Genetic; Histones; Humans; Lymphoma, B-Cell; Promoter Regions, Genetic; RNA, Messenger

To investigate curcumin (diferuloylmethane) induced apoptosis and its molecular mechanism of action in B-NHL cell line Raji cells.. Raji cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium and treated with curcumin in different concentrations. 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to detect growth inhibition and Hoechst 33258 staining was used to detect apoptosis. Immunocytochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the expressions of histone deacetylase 1, 3, and 8 (HDAC1, HDAC3, and HDAC8) and acetylated histone H4 (Ac-histone H4) protein.. Curcumin inhibited the proliferation of B-NHL cell line Raji cells with a 36-h IC50 value of 24.1+/-2.0 micromol/L. Hoechst 33258 staining showed that curcumin could induce Raji cell apoptosis. The expression levels of HDAC1, HDAC3, and HDAC8 proteins were downregulated following curcumin treatment in Raji cells, whereas Ac-histone H4 protein expression was upregulated after treatment with curcumin.. Curcumin, as a new member of the histone deacetylase inhibitors, can inhibit the expression of class I HDACs (HDAC1, HDAC3, and HDAC8), and can increase the expression of Ac-histone H4 in Raji cells. Curcumin plays an important role in regulating B-NHL cell line Raji cell proliferation and apoptosis.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Curcumin; Histone Deacetylase 1; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; Histone Deacetylases; Histones; Humans; Lymphoma, B-Cell; Repressor Proteins

To explore the anticancer effect of curcumin on human B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and compare its effects on human B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cells and normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (NPBMNCs). MTT assay was used to study the effect of curcumin on the growth of Raji cells and NPBMNCs. The effect of curcumin on the apoptosis of Raji cells and NPBMNC were studied by flow cytometry and TDT-mediated dUTP nick and labeling (TUNEL). The effect of curcumin on the cell cycle of Raji cells were examined by propidium iodide staining flow cytometry. The results showed that curcumin strongly inhibited proliferation of Raji cells, 24 h IC50 for Raji cells was 22.8 +/- 1.82 micromol/L and curcumin induced Raji cell apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Raji cells treated with curcumin showed G0/G1 or G2/M phase increase and S phase decrease. However, curcumin did not demonstrate apparent proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction in NPBMNCs. It was concluded that curcumin is able to inhibit the proliferation of Raji cells by regulating the cell cycle and inducing the cell apoptosis. Morever, curcumin has low toxicity on NPBMNCs but can selectively induce apoptosis in Raji cells.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Apoptosis; Cell Cycle; Cell Proliferation; Curcumin; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Lymphoma, B-Cell; Tumor Cells, Cultured

To study the anticancer effect and mechanism of curcumin on Raji cells in vitro and compared the cytotoxicities of curcumin on Raji cells and normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC).. The effects of curcumin on proliferation of Raji cells and human PBMC were tested by MTT assay, its effects on apoptosis of them were determined by Annexin-V/PI double-labeled cytometry and TUNEL, and its effects on DNA distribution in Raji cells was studied by PI single labeled cytometry.. Curcumin showed marked inhibition on proliferation of Raji cell, could induce Raji cell apoptosis in time- and dose-dependent manner. After curcumin treatment, the cell cycle of Raji cells was blocked in G0/G1 and G2/M phase and those in the S phase decreased proportionally. But curcumin showed no significant effect on inhibiting proliferation or inducing apoptosis on human PBMC.. Curcumin could regulate the cell cycle of Raji cells and induce its apoptosis, so as to inhibit its proliferation, but with no significant cytotoxicity on human PBMC. It selectively affects the tumor cell.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Apoptosis; Cell Cycle; Cell Division; Curcumin; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Lymphoma, B-Cell; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Apoptosis; B-Lymphocytes; Cell Division; Curcumin; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lymphoma, B-Cell; T-Lymphocytes; Tumor Cells, Cultured

It has been well known that curcumin is a powerful inhibitor of proliferation of several tumor cells. However, the molecular basis of the anti-proliferative effect of curcumin has not been investigated in detail. In this paper, we present evidence to show that curcumin inhibited proliferation of a variety of B lymphoma cells. At low concentrations curcumin inhibited the proliferation of BKS-2, an immature B cell lymphoma, more effectively than that of normal B lymphocytes and caused the apoptosis of BKS-2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, curcumin downregulated the expression of survival genes egr-1, c-myc, and bcl-X(L) as well as the tumor suppressor gene p53 in B cells. In addition, NF-kappaB binding activity was also downregulated almost completely by curcumin. Stimulation with CpG oligonucleotides or anti-CD40 overcame growth inhibition induced by low concentrations of curcumin. Our results suggest that curcumin caused the growth arrest and apoptosis of BKS-2 immature B cell lymphoma by downregulation of growth and survival promoting genes.

Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; bcl-X Protein; Curcumin; DNA-Binding Proteins; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Down-Regulation; Early Growth Response Protein 1; Growth Inhibitors; Immediate-Early Proteins; Lymphoma, B-Cell; Mice; Mice, Inbred CBA; Mice, Inbred DBA; Mice, SCID; NF-kappa B; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; Signal Transduction; Transcription Factors; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated B-cell lymphomas occur more frequently in immunodeficient states such as organ transplantation and HIV infection. We have previously reported that B cell immortalization with EBV was promoted by cyclosporin A (CyA) and that curcumin (Cur), a natural phenol with known antioxidant and antitumor properties, blocked EBV-induced B cell immortalization. In the following experiments we show that Cur inhibits the proliferation of EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) via enhanced apoptosis.. LCL were generated by infecting freshly isolated human B cells with EBV (B95-8) for 12 h and coculturing with predetermined optimal concentrations of CyA (500 ng/ml) for 4 weeks. LCL were then either frozen for future use or propagated for immediate experiments. These cells were then plated in 96-well plates with 20 microM Cur or 0.1% DMSO (vehicle control). The number of immortalized colonies/well, cell count, and (3)H uptake were used as an index of immortalization. To assess apoptosis rate LCL were cultured with 0.1% DMSO or Cur (20 microM) for 0, 18, and 42 h in culture flasks and then stained with MC540 and H33342, as markers for apoptosis, and analyzed by FACS.. A profound inhibition of proliferation was seen in the LCL with 20 microM curcumin compared to 0.1% DMSO control. The colony count reduced from 34.5 +/- 3.4 to 0/well (P = 0.005), cell number reduced from 101,250 +/- 12,093 to 3750 +/- 1500/well (P = 0.002), and (3)H uptake reduced from 40,889 +/- 3669 to 70 +/- 5.2/well (P = 0.001). The apoptosis rate of LCL in the DMSO control at 24.07 and 16.87% increased significantly with 20 microM Cur to 76.4 and 95.1% at 18 and 42 h, respectively (P = 0.02).. Cur is a potent inhibitor of EBV-transformed LCL. This effect appears to be mediated through enhanced apoptosis. A further investigation of this effect may be useful in prevention and therapy of B-cell lymphoma in immunodeficient patients.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; B-Lymphocytes; Cell Division; Cell Line, Transformed; Curcumin; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Humans; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphoma, B-Cell