curcumin and Leishmaniasis--Cutaneous

In recent years, antimonial agents and other synthetic antileishmanial drugs, such as amphotericin B, paromomycin, and many other drugs, have restrictions in use due to the toxicity risk, high cost, and emerging resistance to these drugs. The present study aimed to review the antileishmanial effects of curcumin, its derivatives, and other relevant pharmaceutical formulations on leishmaniasis.. The present study was carried out according to the 06-preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guideline and registered in the CAMARADES-NC3Rs Preclinical Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Facility (SyRF) database. Some English-language databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, EBSCO, Science Direct, and Scopus were searched for publications worldwide related to antileishmanial effects of curcumin, its derivatives, and other relevant pharmaceutical formulations, without date limitation, to identify all the published articles (in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies). Keywords included "curcumin", "Curcuma longa", "antileishmanial", "Leishmania", "leishmaniasis", "cutaneous leishmaniasis", "visceral leishmaniasis", "in vitro", and "in vivo".. Out of 5492 papers, 29 papers including 20 in vitro (69.0%), 1 in vivo (3.4%), and 8 in vitro/in vivo (27.6%) studies conducted up to 2020, met the inclusion criteria for discussion in this systematic review. The most common species of the Leishmania parasite used in these studies were L. donovani (n = 13, 44.8%), L. major (n = 10, 34.5%), and L. amazonensis (n = 6, 20.7%), respectively. The most used derivatives in these studies were curcumin (n = 15, 33.3%) and curcuminoids (n = 5, 16.7%), respectively.. In the present review, according to the studies in the literature, various forms of drugs based on curcumin and their derivatives exhibited significant in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial activity against different Leishmania spp. The results revealed that curcumin and its derivatives could be considered as an alternative and complementary source of valuable antileishmanial components against leishmaniasis, which had no significant toxicity. However, further studies are required to elucidate this concluding remark, especially in clinical settings.

Topics: Antiprotozoal Agents; Curcumin; Humans; Leishmania; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous; Leishmaniasis, Visceral

Topics: Animals; Curcumin; Gold; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-4; Leishmania major; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous; Metal Nanoparticles; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C

Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease that is transmitted by Phlebotomus, 400 thousand new cases appearing every year, and approximately 350 million people are at risk, and accepted by the World Health Organization as one of the six important tropical diseases. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a disease that occurs on exposed areas of the body and is characterized by long-term non-healing skin lesions. Although the treatment methods applied today vary according to the clinical picture of the patient, the immune system of the person and the causative agent Leishmania species, there is still no standard treatment scheme that has few side effects and can be used in the treatment of leishmaniasis. Therefore, alternative treatment methods with less side effects are being tried. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has also emerged as an active antimicrobial research area in recent years. SDT, a new modality for antibacterial therapy, aims to increase antibacterial effects with the simultaneous combination of low-intensity ultrasound and sonosensitizer. There is no information in the literature about the effect of SDT on parasites. In this study, it was aimed to demontrate the anti-leishmanial effect and possible mechanisms of curcumin mediated SDT on L.tropica promastigotes in vitro. Parasites were incubated with 0.25, 1.0, 4.0 and 15.6 micromolar (μM) of curcumin for one hour and subjected to 1 MHz frequency, 50% duty cycle and 3 W/cm2 intensity ultrasound irradiation. XTT assay was used to evaluate the viability of the cells and morphological changes were analyzed by Giemsa staining. Flow cytometry was used to quantify the fluorescence emitted by intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) signal, JC-1, cell cycle, Annexin V/PI staining reagents. With the combination of curcumin (15.6 μM) and ultrasound (3 W/cm2 intensity, seven minutes), L.tropica promastigote viability was found to be significantly decreased compared to the control group. Giemsa staining results showed that 15.6 μM curcumin mediated SDT induced several morphological alterations in L.tropica promastigotes typical for apoptosis. Late apoptosis was observed in 15.6 μM curcumin combined SDT treated parasites according to Annexin/PI staining. Besides, curcumin mediated SDT caused mitochondrial membrane potential (∆ᴪm) loss. Cell cycle analysis data indicated that curcumin based SDT caused an subG1 arrest in the cell cycle of L.tropica promastigotes. The generation of intracellular ROS detected by flow cytometr

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Curcumin; Leishmania tropica; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous; Reactive Oxygen Species

Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is the main phytochemical of Curcuma longa Linn, an extract of the rhizome turmeric. For thousands of years, turmeric among other natural products has been used as a dietary spice and as a medicinal plant in Asian countries. The present study reports the leishmanicidal activity of curcumin in different concentrations (10 μM, 20 μM, 40 μM). It is also showing the effect of CM11 peptide (8 μM) alone and in combination with curcumin (10 and 20 μM) as a leishmanicidal drug. The experiments were performed with the amastigote form of Leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER) in vitro and the leishmanicidal activity was analyzed after 12 and 24 h of incubation by Giemsa and DAPI staining. Further investigation was done by using semi-quantitative PCR with new designed common primer pair derived from an 18S rRNA gene belonging to the L. major and mouse, which amplified the above-mentioned gene segments simultaneously with different PCR product size. Our findings showed that curcumin had leishmanicidal activity in a dose and time-dependent manner and its lowest effective dose was at concentrations of 40 μM afetr12 h and 10 μM after 24 h. The IC

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; Antiprotozoal Agents; Curcumin; DNA, Protozoan; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Iran; Leishmania major; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous; Mice; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins; RAW 264.7 Cells

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Coinfection; Curcumin; Drug Compounding; Drug Delivery Systems; Emulsions; Excipients; Humans; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Particle Size; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Solubility; Staphylococcus aureus

Topics: Amidines; Animals; Antimony; Antiprotozoal Agents; Chloroquine; Chlortetracycline; Dapsone; Deoxyribonuclease I; Emetine; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase; Hydrastis; Leishmania tropica; Leishmaniasis; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous; Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous; Mice; Pathology; Pharmacology; Primaquine; Pyrimethamine; Quinacrine; Research; Streptodornase and Streptokinase; Streptokinase; Sulfonamides; Surface-Active Agents; Toxicology