cudc-907 and Neoplasms

Histone deacetylases (HDACs), a class of enzymes responsible for the removal of acetyl functional groups from the lysine residues in the amino-terminal tails of core histones, play a critical role in the modulation of chromatin architecture and the regulation of gene expression. Dysregulation of HDAC expression has been closely associated with the development of various cancers. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) could regulate diverse cellular pathways, cause cell cycle arrest, and promote programmed cell death, making them promising avenues for cancer therapy with potent efficacy and favorable toxicity profiles. Hybrid molecules incorporating two or more pharmacophores in one single molecule, have the potential to simultaneously inhibit two distinct cancer targets, potentially overcome drug resistance and minimize drug-drug interactions. Notably, hydroxamic acid hybrids, exemplified by fimepinostat and tinostamustine as potential HDACis, could exert the anticancer effects through induction of apoptosis, differentiation, and growth arrest in cancer cells, representing useful scaffolds for the discovery of novel HDACis. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current scenario of hydroxamic acid hybrids as HDACis with anticancer therapeutic potential developed since 2020 to facilitate further rational exploitation of more effective candidates.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; Humans; Hydroxamic Acids; Neoplasms

'Epigenetic' regulation of genes via post-translational modulation of proteins is the current mainstay approach for the disease therapies, particularly explored in the Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) class of enzymes. Mainly sight saw in cancer chemotherapeutics, HDAC inhibitors have also found a promising role in other diseases (neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and viral infections) and successfully entered in various combination therapies (pre-clinical/clinical stages). The prevalent flexibility in the structural design of HDAC inhibitors makes them easily tuneable to merge with other pharmacophore modules for generating multi-targeted single hybrids as a novel tactic to overcome drawbacks of polypharmacy. Herein, we reviewed the putative role of prevalent HDAC hybrids inhibitors in the current and prospective stage as a translational approach to overcome the limitations of the existing conventional drug candidates (parent molecule) when used either alone (drug resistance, solubility issues, adverse side effects, selectivity profile) or in combination (pharmacokinetic interactions, patient compliance) for treating various diseases.

Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Epigenesis, Genetic; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; Humans; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Neoplasms; Nervous System Diseases

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been implicated in a number of diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative disorders and inflammation. For the treatment of epigenetically altered diseases such as cancer, HDAC inhibitors have made a significant progress in terms of development of isoform selective inhibitiors. Isoform specific HDAC inhibitors have less adverse events and better safety profile. A HDAC isoform i.e., HDAC2 demonstrated significant role in the development of variety of diseases, mainly involved in the cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Discovery and development of selective HDAC2 inhibitors have a great potential for the treatment of target diseases. In the present compilation, we have reviewed the role of HDAC2 in progression of cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, and information on the drug development opportunities for selective HDAC2 inhibition.

Topics: Cell Cycle Checkpoints; Drug Design; Histone Deacetylase 2; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; Humans; Isoenzymes; Neoplasms; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Signal Transduction; Structure-Activity Relationship

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a class of enzymes that remove acetyl from the ε-N-acetyl lysine of histones, allowing histones to wrap DNA more tightly. HDACs play an essential role in many biological processes such as gene regulation, transcription, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, differentiation and metastasis. As a result, HDACs represent an excellent target for anti-cancer drug discovery. The search for histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) has been intensified in the last decade with numerous HDACis being discovered, and some of them have reached the market. However, currently available HDACis are mostly non-isoform selective and suffer from several drawbacks such as limited efficacy, drug resistance, and toxicities. Therefore, isoform-selective HDACis and HDACis with dual targeting capabilities have attracted much attention from academia to industry in the past 5 years, and great advances have been achieved in this area. In this paper, we summarize recent progress on HDACis with dual targeting capabilities and their potential application to cancer treatment.

Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; Histone Deacetylases; Humans; Molecular Structure; Neoplasms

Histone deacetylases (HDACs), encompassing at least 18 members, are promising targets for anticancer drug discovery and development. To date, five histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) have been approved for cancer treatment, and numerous others are undergoing clinical trials. It has been well validated that an agent that can simultaneously and effectively inhibit two or more targets may offer greater therapeutic benefits over single-acting agents in preventing resistance to treatment and in potentiating synergistic effects. A prime example of a bifunctional agent is the hybrid HDAC inhibitor. In this perspective, the authors review the majority of reported kinase/HDAC hybrid inhibitors.

Topics: Binding Sites; Catalytic Domain; Drug Design; Erlotinib Hydrochloride; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; Histone Deacetylases; Humans; Neoplasms; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Protein Kinases

Given that histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are known to induce multiple epigenetic modifications affecting signaling networks and act synergistically with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors, we developed a strategy to simultaneously inhibit HDACs and PI3K in cancer cells.. We constructed dual-acting inhibitors by incorporating HDAC inhibitory functionality into a PI3K inhibitor pharmacophore. CUDC-907, a development candidate selected from these dual inhibitors, was evaluated in vitro and in vivo to determine its pharmacologic properties, anticancer activity, and mechanism of action.. CUDC-907 potently inhibits class I PI3Ks as well as classes I and II HDAC enzymes. Through its integrated HDAC inhibitory activity, CUDC-907 durably inhibits the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway and compensatory signaling molecules such as RAF, MEK, MAPK, and STAT-3, as well as upstream receptor tyrosine kinases. CUDC-907 shows greater growth inhibition and proapoptotic activity than single-target PI3K or HDAC inhibitors in both cultured and implanted cancer cells.. CUDC-907 may offer improved therapeutic benefits through simultaneous, sustained disruption of multiple oncogenic signaling networks.

Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Blotting, Western; Caspase 3; Cell Cycle; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Enzyme Activation; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; HCT116 Cells; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; Histone Deacetylases; Humans; Hydroxamic Acids; Mice; Mice, Nude; Mice, SCID; Morpholines; Neoplasms; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase; Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; Pyrimidines; Quinazolines; Sf9 Cells; Signal Transduction; Tumor Burden; Vorinostat; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays