cs1-peptide and Hyperglycemia

To compare the effects of postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and postprandial hyperglycemia on monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells, we investigated the effects of twice-daily standard diet (5% fat) and high-fat diet (30% fat) for 3 weeks on monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and the expression of adhesion molecules in the aortic artery in non-obese type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. Fasting glucose, insulin, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), HbA1c, and body weight were comparable between the two diet groups. Postprandial glucose and insulin were higher in the standard diet group, while postprandial NEFA and triglyceride were higher in the high fat diet group, compared with the other group. The number of monocyte adherent to endothelial cells was higher in the high-fat diet group than the standard diet group. Consumption of high-fat diet resulted in overexpression of heme oxygenase-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and connecting segment-1 fibronectin on the arterial wall, compared with standard diet. Thus, our data demonstrated that short-term intermittent high-fat diet prevented postprandial hyperglycemia in a model of type 2 diabetes without a significant increase in body weight. However, the resulting postprandial hypertriglyceridemia induces more monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells than postprandial hyperglycemia. This increased monocyte adhesion is associated with the increased aortic expression of adhesion molecules such as ICAM-1, and connecting segment-1 fibronectin.

Topics: Animals; Aorta; Blood Glucose; Cell Adhesion; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Fats; Disease Models, Animal; Endothelium, Vascular; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Glycated Hemoglobin; Heme Oxygenase-1; Hyperglycemia; Hypertriglyceridemia; Insulin; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Male; Monocytes; Peptides; Postprandial Period; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Triglycerides

The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of repetitive fluctuations in blood glucose concentrations on monocyte adhesion to the aortic endothelium.. Nonobese type 2 diabetes, Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats were fed twice daily to induce repetitive postprandial glucose spikes. Then, we compared the number of monocytes adherent to the endothelium of thoracic aorta in these rats with that in rats fed ad libitum. To suppress the glucose spikes, rats were injected with an inhibitor of sodium-glucose transporter, phloridzin, just before each meal for 12 weeks. GK rats fed twice daily showed significantly lower HbA1c than GK rats fed ad libitum. However, the former group showed markedly higher number of monocytes adherent to the endothelium than the latter, together with increased arterial intimal thickening. Phloridzin significantly reduced the number of adherent monocytes in GK rats fed twice daily.. Our data demonstrated that repetitive postprandial fluctuation in glucose concentration evokes monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells that was worse than that induced by stable hyperglycemia in vivo. Suppression of such fluctuations efficiently suppressed monocyte adhesion to the aortic endothelium.

Topics: Animals; Aorta, Thoracic; Blood Glucose; Cell Adhesion; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endothelium, Vascular; Food Deprivation; Hyperglycemia; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Male; Monocytes; Peptides; Postprandial Period; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Recurrence; Tunica Intima