cryptoxanthins and Body-Weight

Excess body weight, including overweight and obesity, is one of the major factors influencing human health, and plays an important role in the global burden of disease. Carotenoids serve as precursors of vitamin A-related retinoids, and are considered to have potential effects on many diseases. However, the influence of carotenoids on people with excess body weight is unclear.. This meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effects of carotenoids on overweight or obese subjects utilizing the available evidence. We searched PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and EMBASE databases up to September 2020. Random effects models were used to calculate the standard mean differences (SMDs) and odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).. A total of seven randomized controlled trials and eight observational studies met the inclusion criteria and contained 28 944 subjects and data on multiple carotenoid subgroups, including lycopene, astaxanthin, cryptoxanthin, α-carotene, and β-carotene. In all included Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT), the intervention duration was 20 days at the shortest and 16 weeks at the longest, and the range of intervention doses was 1.2-60 mg d-1. Our study found that the insufficiency of serum carotenoids was a risk factor for overweight and obesity (OR = 1.73, 95% CI [1.57, 1.91], p < 0.001). Moreover, carotenoid supplementation was significantly associated with body weight reductions (SMD = -2.34 kg, 95% CI [-3.80, -0.87] kg, p < 0.001), body mass index decrease (BMI, SMD = -0.95 kg cm-2, 95% CI [-1.88, -0.01] kg cm-2, p < 0.001) and waist circumference losses (WC, SMD = -1.84 cm, 95% CI [-3.14, -0.54]cm, p < 0.001).. In summary, the carotenoids show promising effects in overweight or obese subjects. Additional data from large clinical trials are needed.

Topics: Animals; beta Carotene; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Carotenoids; Cryptoxanthins; Databases, Factual; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Obesity; Overweight; Waist Circumference; Weight Loss

Chronic obesity causes various diseases, leading to an urgent need for its treatment and prevention. Using monosodium-glutamate-induced obesity mice, the present study investigated the synergistic obesity-reducing effects of tea catechins and the antioxidant β-cryptoxanthin present in mandarin oranges. The results show that the obese mice that ingested both tea catechin and β-cryptoxanthin for 4 weeks had a significantly decreased body weight, with no difference in body weight compared with control mice. Moreover, the blood biochemical test results were normal, and the body fat percentage was significantly decreased according to the histopathological analysis. Additionally, the abundance of M1 macrophages, which release pro-inflammatories, was significantly reduced in adipose tissue. Indeed, a significant decrease was detected in M1-macrophage-secreted tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels. Meanwhile, M2 macrophage levels were recovered, and adiponectin, which is released from adipocytes and involved in suppressing metabolic syndrome, was increased. Collectively, these results suggest that the combination of tea catechins and antioxidant foods can alleviate chronic obesity, indicating that a combination of various ingredients in foods might contribute to reducing chronic obesity.

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Beta-Cryptoxanthin; Body Weight; Catechin; Eating; Mice; Mice, Obese; Obesity; Tea

The effect of beta-cryptoxanthin, a kind of carotenoid, on ovariectomy-induced bone loss was investigated. beta-cryptoxanthin was isolated from Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshu. MARC). beta-cryptoxanthin (5 or 10 microg/100 g body weight) was orally administered once daily for 3 months to ovariectomized (OVX) rats. OVX induced a significant increase in body weight and a significant decrease in serum calcium and inorganic phosphorus concentrations as compared with those of sham-operated (control) rats. These alterations induced by OVX were significantly prevented by the administration of beta-cryptoxanthin (5 or 10 microg/100 g). The analysis using a peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) showed that OVX induced a significant decrease in mineral content and mineral density in the femoral-diaphyseal and -metaphyseal tissues and polar strength strain index in the metaphyseal tissues. These decreases were significantly prevented by the administration of beta-cryptoxanthin (5 or 10 microg/100 g). Moreover, OVX induced a significant decrease in calcium content and alkaline phosphatase activity in the femoral-diaphyseal and -metaphyseal tissues and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content in the metaphyseal tissues. These decreases were significantly prevented by the administration of beta-cryptoxanthin (5 or 10 microg/100 g). This study demonstrates that beta-cryptoxanthin has a preventive effect on OVX-induced bone loss in vivo.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Anticarcinogenic Agents; beta Carotene; Body Weight; Bone Density; Bone Resorption; Cryptoxanthins; Female; Femur; Humans; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Ovariectomy; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Xanthophylls

The effects of combined beta-cryptoxanthin and zinc on bone components in the femoral-diaphyseal (cortical bone) and -metaphyseal (trabecular bone) tissues of rats in vivo were investigated. Rats were orally administered either vehicle, beta-cryptoxanthin (5 or 10 microg/100 g body weight), zinc sulfate (0.1 or 0.5 mg Zn/100 g), or their combination once a day for 7 d. Calcium content, alkaline phosphatase activity, and DNA content in the femoral-diaphyseal tissues was not significantly altered by the administration of beta-cryptoxanthin (5 microg/100 g) or zinc (0.1 or 0.5 mg/100 g). Combined administration of beta-cryptoxanthin (5 microg/100 g) and zinc (0.1 or 0.5 mg/100 g) caused a synergistic increase in calcium content, alkaline phosphatase activity, and DNA content in the diaphyseal tissues. The effect of beta-cryptoxanthin (5 or 10 microg/100 g) in increasing calcium and DNA contents in the metaphyseal tissues was significantly enhanced by the combined administration of zinc (0.1 or 0.5 mg/100 g), but did not have a significant effect on the metaphyseal components. The metaphyseal alkaline phosphatase activity was markedly increased by the combination of beta-cryptoxanthin (5 microg/100 g) and zinc (0.1 or 0.5 mg/100 g). This study demonstrates that the oral administration of the combination of zinc at lower doses synergistically enhances beta-cryptoxanthin-induced anabolic effects on bone components in the femoral tissues of rats in vivo.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Alkaline Phosphatase; Anabolic Agents; Animals; beta Carotene; Body Weight; Calcium; Cryptoxanthins; Drug Synergism; Femur; Male; Phosphorus Compounds; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Xanthophylls; Zinc; Zinc Sulfate

The effects of beta-cryptoxanthin, a carotenoid, on bone components in the femoral-diaphyseal and -metaphyseal tissues of streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats was investigated. Rats received a single subcutaneous administration of STZ (6.0 mg/100 g body weight), and then the animal were orally administered beta-cryptoxanthin (5 or 10 microg/100 g body weight) once daily for 7 or 14 d. The administration of STZ caused a significant decrease in body weight and a significant increase in serum glucose, triglyceride, and calcium levels, indicating a diabetic state. These alterations were significantly prevented by the administration of beta-cryptoxanthin (5 or 10 microg/100 g) for 14 d. The administration of beta-cryptoxanthin (5 or 10 microg/100 g) to normal rats for 14 d did not have a significant effect on body weight or on serum glucose, triglyceride, and calcium levels. Calcium content, alkaline phosphatase activity, and DNA content in the femoral-diaphyseal and -metaphyseal tissues were significantly decreased in STZ-diabetic rats. These decreases were significantly prevented by the administration of beta-cryptoxanthin (5 or 10 microg/100 g) for 14 d. The administration of beta-cryptoxanthin to normal rats for 14 d caused a significant increase in calcium content, alkaline phosphatase activity, and DNA content in the femoral-diaphyseal and -metaphyseal tissues. This study demonstrates that the intake of beta-cryptoxanthin has a preventive effect on bone loss in STZ-diabetic rats.

Topics: Animals; beta Carotene; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Bone Resorption; Calcium; Cryptoxanthins; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Femur; Male; Phosphates; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Triglycerides; Xanthophylls