creatine and Brain Neoplasms studies

Brain Neoplasms: Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"We performed serial (1)H-MRSI examinations to assess intratumoral metabolite intensities in 16 patients receiving high-dose oral tamoxifen monotherapy for recurrent malignant glioma (WHO grade III or IV) as part of a phase II clinical trial."	9.13	Prospective serial proton MR spectroscopic assessment of response to tamoxifen for recurrent malignant glioma. ( Arnold, DL; Assina, R; Caramanos, Z; Langleben, A; Leblanc, R; Preul, MC; Sankar, T; Villemure, JG, 2008)
"This study was designed to evaluate proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) for monitoring the WHO grade II glioma (low-grade glioma (LGG)) treated with temozolomide (TMZ)."	7.77	Predicting the outcome of grade II glioma treated with temozolomide using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. ( Abud, L; Capelle, L; Chiras, J; Costalat, R; De Marco, G; Guillevin, R; Habas, C; Hoang-Xuan, K; Menuel, C; Taillibert, S; Vallée, JN, 2011)
"PURPOSE Our purpose was to evaluate cerebral glioma grade by using normal side creatine (Cr) as an internal reference in multi-voxel 1H-MR spectroscopy."	7.74	Evaluation of cerebral glioma grade by using normal side creatine as an internal reference in multi-voxel 1H-MR spectroscopy. ( Ağildere, AM; Atalay, B; Elhan, AH; Geyik, E; Ozen, O; Yerli, H, 2007)
"Creatine (Cr) is a major metabolite in the bioenergetic system."	5.46	Creatine CEST MRI for Differentiating Gliomas with Different Degrees of Aggressiveness. ( Cai, K; Damen, FC; Hariharan, H; Poptani, H; Reddy, R; Scotti, AM; Tain, RW; Zhou, XJ, 2017)
"To report a case of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) in a patient with tuberous sclerosis, emphasizing the proton MR spectroscopy (MRS) findings."	5.33	Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma with high choline/creatine ratio on proton MR spectroscopy. ( Bruck, I; de Carvalho Neto, A; Gasparetto, EL, 2006)
"It was concluded that in brain metastases of mammary carcinoma Lact represents a product of ischemia preceding/during tissue decay resulting in central necrosis, rather than tumor specific metabolism resulting in increased glycolysis."	5.29	Correlation between choline level and Gd-DTPA enhancement in patients with brain metastases of mammary carcinoma. ( Oudkerk, M; Sijens, PE; van Dijk, P, 1994)
"Thirteen patients with recurrent glioblastoma were enrolled in RTOG 0625/ACRIN 6677, a prospective multicenter trial in which bevacizumab was used in combination with either temozolomide or irinotecan."	5.17	Magnetic resonance spectroscopy as an early indicator of response to anti-angiogenic therapy in patients with recurrent glioblastoma: RTOG 0625/ACRIN 6677. ( Barboriak, DP; Bokstein, F; Boxerman, JL; Gilbert, MR; McKinstry, RC; Ratai, EM; Safriel, Y; Snyder, BS; Sorensen, AG; Zhang, Z, 2013)
"We performed serial (1)H-MRSI examinations to assess intratumoral metabolite intensities in 16 patients receiving high-dose oral tamoxifen monotherapy for recurrent malignant glioma (WHO grade III or IV) as part of a phase II clinical trial."	5.13	Prospective serial proton MR spectroscopic assessment of response to tamoxifen for recurrent malignant glioma. ( Arnold, DL; Assina, R; Caramanos, Z; Langleben, A; Leblanc, R; Preul, MC; Sankar, T; Villemure, JG, 2008)
" There are a number of metabolites that can be identified by standard brain proton MRS but only a few of them has a clinical significance in diagnosis of gliomas including N-acetylaspartate, choline, creatine, myo-inositol, lactate, and lipids."	4.89	Potential of MR spectroscopy for assessment of glioma grading. ( Bulik, M; Jancalek, R; Mechl, M; Skoch, A; Vanicek, J, 2013)
" Multiregional analysis of a glioblastoma patient biopsy revealed a metabolic landscape marked by varying stages of hypoxia and creatine enrichment."	3.88	Microenvironment-Derived Regulation of HIF Signaling Drives Transcriptional Heterogeneity in Glioblastoma Multiforme. ( Bartholomae, M; Börries, M; Carro, MS; Delev, D; Franco, P; Gaebelein, A; hAilín, DÓ; Heiland, DH; Heynckes, S; Mader, I; Pompe, N; Prinz, M; Schnell, O; Weber, S; Wörner, J, 2018)
"There is significant elevation of the choline (Cho) /creatine (Cr) ratio, Cho peak and depression of the N-acetylaspartate (NAA) peak in gliomas."	3.78	Preoperative assessment using multimodal functional magnetic resonance imaging techniques in patients with brain gliomas. ( Shang, HB; Zhang, WF; Zhao, WG, 2012)
"Peritumoral N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr), choline (Cho)/Cr, Cho/NAA and rCBV significantly differentiated glioblastomas from intracranial metastases."	3.78	Differentiation of glioblastoma multiforme from metastatic brain tumor using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion and perfusion metrics at 3 T. ( Fezoulidis, I; Fountas, K; Kapsalaki, E; Kousi, E; Svolos, P; Theodorou, K; Tsougos, I, 2012)
"This study was designed to evaluate proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) for monitoring the WHO grade II glioma (low-grade glioma (LGG)) treated with temozolomide (TMZ)."	3.77	Predicting the outcome of grade II glioma treated with temozolomide using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. ( Abud, L; Capelle, L; Chiras, J; Costalat, R; De Marco, G; Guillevin, R; Habas, C; Hoang-Xuan, K; Menuel, C; Taillibert, S; Vallée, JN, 2011)
"Metabolite maps of N-acetyl aspartate, choline and creatine were generated using (1)H-CSI data from the brain of healthy volunteers and patients with tumor and epilepsy."	3.76	Grid-free interactive and automated data processing for MR chemical shift imaging data. ( Confort-Gouny, S; Cozzone, PJ; Guye, M; Kober, F; Le Fur, Y; Nicoli, F, 2010)
"Our purpose was to investigate whether in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging, using normalized concentrations of total choline (tCho) and total creatine (tCr), can differentiate between WHO grade I pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) and diffuse, fibrillary WHO grade II astrocytoma (DA) in children."	3.76	Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging in pediatric low-grade gliomas. ( Franz, K; Hattingen, E; Kieslich, M; Lehrbecher, T; Pilatus, U; Porto, L, 2010)
"PURPOSE Our purpose was to evaluate cerebral glioma grade by using normal side creatine (Cr) as an internal reference in multi-voxel 1H-MR spectroscopy."	3.74	Evaluation of cerebral glioma grade by using normal side creatine as an internal reference in multi-voxel 1H-MR spectroscopy. ( Ağildere, AM; Atalay, B; Elhan, AH; Geyik, E; Ozen, O; Yerli, H, 2007)
"Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and MR spectroscopy are noninvasive, quantitative tools for the preoperative assessment of gliomas with which the quantitative parameter fractional anisotropy (FA) and the concentration of neurometabolites N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), creatine (Cr) of the brain can be determined."	3.73	Disarrangement of fiber tracts and decline of neuronal density correlate in glioma patients--a combined diffusion tensor imaging and 1H-MR spectroscopy study. ( Ding, XQ; Fiehler, J; Goebell, E; Hagel, C; Heese, O; Kucinski, T; Nietz, S; Paustenbach, S; Westphal, M; Zeumer, H, 2006)
"The ratios of choline (Cho) to N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and Cho to creatine (Cr) in those with high-grade astrocytomas (n=4) were significantly higher than in those with low-grade astrocytomas (n=17) (t=2."	3.73	In vivo research in astrocytoma cell proliferation with 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy: correlation with histopathology and immunohistochemistry. ( Chen, J; Chen, XL; Huang, SL; Li, T, 2006)
"In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies of glial brain tumours reported that higher grade of astrocytoma is associated with increased level of choline-containing compounds (Cho) and decreased levels of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and creatine and phosphocreatine (Cr)."	3.73	In vitro study of astrocytic tumour metabolism by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. ( Belan, V; Béres, A; De Riggo, J; Dobrota, D; Galanda, M; Likavcanová, K; Liptaj, T; Mlynárik, V; Prónayová, N, 2005)
" The concentration of taurine (Tau) in medulloblastomas was 29."	3.72	In vivo quantification of the metabolites in normal brain and brain tumors by proton MR spectroscopy using water as an internal standard. ( Harada, K; Houkin, K; Tong, Z; Yamaki, T, 2004)
" Non-neoplastic lesions such as cerebral infarctions and brain abscesses are marked by decreases in choline (Cho), creatine (Cr) and N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), while tumours generally have elevated Cho and decreased levels of Cr and NAA."	3.71	Clinical application of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the diagnosis of intracranial mass lesions. ( Herminghaus, S; Krings, T; Lanfermann, H; Marquardt, G; Möller-Hartmann, W; Pilatus, U; Zanella, FE, 2002)
" MRS of normal brain parenchyma displays 4 main metabolites: N-acetyl aspartate (neuronal marker), creatine (cellular density marker), choline (membrane activity marker) and myoinositol (glial marker); pathological processes lead to variations of the level of these metabolites and/or the appearance of abnormal metabolites (lactate), following different patterns according to pathological process involved: glioma, meningioma, metastasis, bacterial or toxoplasmic abscess, radionecrosis."	3.71	[Contribution of magnetic resonance spectrometry to the diagnosis of intracranial tumors]. ( Confort-Gouny, S; Cozzone, PJ; Dufour, H; Galanaud, D; Le Fur, Y; Nicoli, F; Peragut, JC; Ranjeva, JP; Roche, P; Viout, P, 2002)
"Seven patients responded to tamoxifen therapy (three with glioblastomas multiforme; four with anaplastic astrocytomas), and nine did not (six with glioblastomas multiforme; three with anaplastic astrocytomas)."	3.70	Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging to predict in vivo the response of recurrent malignant gliomas to tamoxifen chemotherapy. ( Arnold, DL; Caramanos, Z; Langleben, A; LeBlanc, R; Preul, MC; Shenouda, G; Villemure, JG, 2000)
" The spectra from meningiomas, neuroblastomas, and glioblastomas displayed, in addition to similarities-including the presence of signals from leucine, isoleucine, valine, threonine, lactate, acetate, glutamate, choline-containing compounds and glycine-certain distinguishing metabolic features."	3.69	Characteristic metabolic profiles revealed by 1H NMR spectroscopy for three types of human brain and nervous system tumours. ( Bhakoo, KK; Florian, CL; Noble, M; Preece, NE; Williams, SR, 1995)
" We used proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to detect the presence of simple metabolites (such as lactic acid, creatine/phosphocreatine, N-acetyl aspartate, and the "choline" pool) in extracts of a human glioma grown subcutaneously in athymic ("nu/nu") mice."	3.69	Effects of therapy on the 1H NMR spectrum of a human glioma line. ( Cazzaniga, S; Charles, HC; Schold, SC; Sostman, HD, 1994)
"(a) Hamartomas showed higher N-acetyl aspartate/creatine, creatine/choline, and N-acetyl aspartate/choline ratios than gliomas."	3.69	Proton MR spectroscopy in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1: evaluation of hamartomas and clinical correlation. ( Castillo, M; Green, C; Greenwood, R; Kwock, L; Schiro, S; Smith, K; Wilson, D, 1995)
" The Cho/Cr (creatine and phosphocreatine) ratio of meningioma was considerably higher than that of glioma of all grades."	3.69	Non-invasive characterization of brain tumor by in-vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. ( Bandou, K; Harada, M; Kannuki, S; Miyoshi, H; Nishitani, H; Tanouchi, M, 1995)
" Spectroscopy is a reliable technique for grading of gliomas when N-acetyl-aspartate/choline and choline/creatine ratios and presence of lipids are used in combination."	3.69	Characterization of intracranial mass lesions with in vivo proton MR spectroscopy. ( Chhabra, DK; Gupta, RK; Jain, VK; Pandey, R; Poptani, H; Roy, R, 1995)
"Postradiation treatment necrosis is one of the most serious late sequelae and appears within 6 months."	3.01	Brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy to differentiate recurrent neoplasm from radiation necrosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Aseel, A; McCarthy, P; Mohammed, A, 2023)
"Linear regression analyses between seizure duration and NAA/Cr decrease was not significant."	2.69	Medial temporal lobe neuronal damage in temporal and extratemporal lesional epilepsy. ( Andermann, F; Arnold, DL; Cendes, F; Dubeau, F; Li, LM; Miller, SP; Tasch, E, 2000)
"necrosis in patients with primary brain tumors or brain metastasis."	2.53	Differentiating Radiation-Induced Necrosis from Recurrent Brain Tumor Using MR Perfusion and Spectroscopy: A Meta-Analysis. ( Chen, YC; Chuang, MT; Liu, YS; Tsai, YS; Wang, CK, 2016)
"Introduction: Brain tumors if timely diagnosed are sure to be treated through shorter processes."	1.48	The Role of Single Voxel MR Spectroscopy, T2 Relaxation Time and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient in Determining the Cellularity of Brain Tumors by MATLAB Software ( Abdolmohammadi, J; Amiri, J; Arefan, D; Faeghi, F; Haghighatkhah, H; Zali, A, 2018)
"Glioma is one of the most common types of brain tumors."	1.46	Assessment of alterations in X-ray irradiation-induced DNA damage of glioma cells by using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. ( Li, F; Li, H; Shi, W; Xu, Y; Yi, C; Zeng, Q, 2017)
"Creatine (Cr) is a major metabolite in the bioenergetic system."	1.46	Creatine CEST MRI for Differentiating Gliomas with Different Degrees of Aggressiveness. ( Cai, K; Damen, FC; Hariharan, H; Poptani, H; Reddy, R; Scotti, AM; Tain, RW; Zhou, XJ, 2017)
"Glioma is the most common type of the primary CNS tumor."	1.43	Noninvasive evaluation of radiation-enhanced glioma cells invasiveness by ultra-high-field (1)H-MRS in vitro. ( Cui, Y; Li, FY; Li, HX; Shi, WQ; Wang, JZ; Xu, YJ; Zeng, QS, 2016)
"Fifty-nine solitary brain metastases were evaluated with conventional and nonmorphological MR imaging: DWI, PWI and MR spectroscopy."	1.38	Magnetic resonance imaging of solitary brain metastases: main findings of nonmorphological sequences. ( Colosimo, C; De Waure, C; Di Lella, GM; Gaudino, S; Gualano, MR; Lo Russo, VS; Piludu, F; Quaglio, FR; Russo, R, 2012)
"The histological diagnosis was anaplastic oligodendroglioma (WHO grade III)."	1.37	[Usefulness of quantitative H-MR spectroscopy for the differentiation between radiation necrosis and recurrence of anaplastic oligodendroglioma]. ( Akutsu, H; Anno, I; Isobe, T; Masumoto, T; Matsumura, A; Nakai, K; Shiigai, M; Takano, S; Yamamoto, T, 2011)
"Monofocal acute inflammatory demyelination (MAID), which is observable by CT and MRI as a well-enhanced mass lesion with prominent perifocal edema, is very similar to malignant gliomas radiologically, making differential diagnosis of the two pathologies difficult."	1.37	Metabolic assessment of monofocal acute inflammatory demyelination using MR spectroscopy and (11)C-methionine-, (11)C-choline-, and (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose-PET. ( Aki, T; Asano, Y; Ito, T; Iwama, T; Miwa, K; Shinoda, J; Takenaka, S; Yokoyama, K, 2011)
"We report 12 cases of Gliomatosis cerebri (GC), a rare brain neoplasm, to define its semeiologic criteria."	1.36	Gliomatosis cerebri, imaging findings of 12 cases. ( Cosnard, G; de Coene, B; Desclée, P; Godfraind, C; Hernalsteen, D; Rommel, D, 2010)
"Segmental neurofibromatosis 1 (segmental NF-1) is a rare genodermatosis caused by somatic mutations in the NF-1 gene."	1.36	A clinical and magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of a brain tumor in a patient with segmental neurofibromatosis. ( Ben Yahia, S; Boughammoura-Bouatay, A; Chebel, S; Frih-Ayed, M; Golli, M; Khairallah, M; Salem, R, 2010)
"Eleven patients with primary brain tumors undergoing cranial radiation therapy (RT) were included."	1.35	Metabolic alterations: a biomarker for radiation-induced normal brain injury-an MR spectroscopy study. ( Cao, Y; Chenevert, TL; Elias, A; Gomez Hassan, DM; Junck, L; Lawrence, TS; McKeever, P; Nagesh, V; Rogers, L; Sundgren, PC; Tsien, C, 2009)
"Desmoplastic infantile gangliogliomas (DIG) are rare benign intracranial neoplasms of early childhood with involvement of superficial cerebral cortex and leptomeninges."	1.35	Imaging of desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma: a spectroscopic viewpoint. ( Balaji, R; Ramachandran, K, 2009)
"Six patients with brain metastases, 13 healthy volunteers, and a phantom containing brain metabolites were examined using two clinical MR instruments operating at 1."	1.33	Clinical 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy of brain metastases at 1.5T and 3T. ( Gribbestad, IS; Kristoffersen, A; Lundgren, S; Singstad, T; Sjøbakk, TE; Sonnewald, U; Svarliaunet, AJ, 2006)
"To report a case of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) in a patient with tuberous sclerosis, emphasizing the proton MR spectroscopy (MRS) findings."	1.33	Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma with high choline/creatine ratio on proton MR spectroscopy. ( Bruck, I; de Carvalho Neto, A; Gasparetto, EL, 2006)
"One hundred and four metastatic brain tumors were evaluated by long-echo (TR, 2000 ms; TE, 136 ms) single-voxel volume-selected proton MRS."	1.33	Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of metastatic brain tumors: variations of metabolic profile. ( Chernov, MF; Hayashi, M; Hori, T; Izawa, M; Ono, Y, 2006)
"We present a gliomatosis cerebri case in which we made the radiological diagnosis using the MR spectroscopy findings; the diagnosis was confirmed by subsequent biopsy and histopathologic evaluation."	1.33	Multivoxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy in gliomatosis cerebri. ( Basak, M; Can, M; Erturk, M; Karatag, O; Tanik, C; Uysal, E; Yildirim, H, 2005)
"Eighty-five brain metastases in 81 patients were investigated before treatment and 16-18h thereafter."	1.32	Early metabolic changes in metastatic brain tumors after Gamma Knife radiosurgery: 1H-MRS study. ( Abe, K; Chernov, MF; Hayashi, M; Hori, T; Izawa, M; Kubo, O; Ono, Y; Usukura, M, 2004)
"The diagnosis and therapy of childhood brain tumors, most of which are low grade, can be complicated because of their frequent adjacent location to crucial structures, which limits diagnostic biopsy."	1.32	Noninvasive magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging biomarkers to predict the clinical grade of pediatric brain tumors. ( Anthony, DC; Astrakas, LG; Black, PM; De Girolami, U; Tarbell, NJ; Tzika, AA; Zarifi, MK; Zurakowski, D, 2004)
"Choline peak area was increased in tumor, creatine and N-acetyl aspartate were decreased in edema and tumor compared with unaffected brain tissue."	1.31	1H chemical shift imaging characterization of human brain tumor and edema. ( Oudkerk, M; Sijens, PE, 2002)
"The diagnosis of gliomatosis cerebri with MR imaging is known to be difficult."	1.31	MR spectroscopy in gliomatosis cerebri. ( Bendszus, M; Burger, R; Klein, R; Schichor, C; Solymosi, L; Tonn, JC; Warmuth-Metz, M, 2000)
"Most of the brain tumors were characterized by strongly reduced total N-acetylaspartyl compounds and marked increases of myo-inositol and choline-containing compounds, consistent with a lack of neuroaxonal tissue and a proliferation of glial cells."	1.31	Quantitative proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of focal brain lesions. ( Dechent, P; Frahm, J; Hanefeld, F; Herms, J; Markakis, E; Maxton, C; Wilken, B, 2000)
"We examined 120 patients with brain tumors using a 1."	1.31	In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of brain tumors. ( Fountas, KN; Gotsis, SD; Johnston, KW; Kapsalaki, EZ; Kapsalakis, JZ; Papadakis, N; Robinson, JS; Smisson , HF, 2000)
"High-grade brain tumors are known to have a high rate of glucose (Glc) consumption."	1.31	High glycolytic activity in rat glioma demonstrated in vivo by correlation peak 1H magnetic resonance imaging. ( Décorps, M; Rémy, C; von Kienlin , M; Ziegler, A, 2001)
"Fifteen patients with brain tumors and 10 healthy children underwent MR imaging and MR spectroscopy on a 1."	1.30	Multivoxel proton MR spectroscopy and hemodynamic MR imaging of childhood brain tumors: preliminary observations. ( Barnes, PD; Tzika, AA; Vajapeyam, S, 1997)
"Seventeen brain tumors were measured by 1H-CSI (chemical shift imaging) in a 1."	1.30	Evaluation of metabolic heterogeneity in brain tumors using 1H-chemical shift imaging method. ( Furuya, S; Ide, M; Kizu, O; Maeda, T; Morishita, H; Naruse, S; Ueda, S, 1997)
"In children with brain tumors, MR spectroscopy of brain tissue remote from the tumor reveals treatment-related biochemical changes."	1.30	Treatment of brain tumors in children is associated with abnormal MR spectroscopic ratios in brain tissue remote from the tumor site. ( Davis, PC; Morris, R; Padgett, CA; Shapiro, MB; Waldrop, SM, 1998)
"Higher grades of brain tumors in this study were associated with higher Cho/reference and lower NAA/reference values."	1.29	Noninvasive evaluation of malignancy of brain tumors with proton MR spectroscopy. ( Arai, N; Fujiwara, S; Hara, K; Kayama, T; Kumabe, T; Ono, Y; Sato, K; Shimizu, H; Tominaga, T; Yoshimoto, T, 1996)
"We encountered a case of brain abscess that was difficult to differentiate from glioblastoma."	1.29	Brain abscess observed by localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. ( Harada, M; Kannuki, S; Miyoshi, H; Nishitani, H; Tanouchi, M, 1994)
"Thirteen cases of brain cancer treated by radiation therapy were examined by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and reexamined at 2-month intervals."	1.29	Hydrogen magnetic resonance spectroscopy follow-up after radiation therapy of human brain cancer. Unexpected inverse correlation between the changes in tumor choline level and post-gadolinium magnetic resonance imaging contrast. ( Levendag, PC; Oudkerk, M; Sijens, PE; van Dijk, P; Vecht, CJ, 1995)
"Meningiomas were further characterized by the presence of alanine."	1.29	Determination of proton metabolite concentrations and relaxation parameters in normal human brain and intracranial tumours. ( Blackband, SJ; Horsman, A; Lowry, M; Manton, DJ, 1995)
"It was concluded that in brain metastases of mammary carcinoma Lact represents a product of ischemia preceding/during tissue decay resulting in central necrosis, rather than tumor specific metabolism resulting in increased glycolysis."	1.29	Correlation between choline level and Gd-DTPA enhancement in patients with brain metastases of mammary carcinoma. ( Oudkerk, M; Sijens, PE; van Dijk, P, 1994)
"Choline was elevated in the cellular portion of both tumors but decreased in the necrotic or cystic portions."	1.29	Localized in vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy and in vitro analyses of heterogeneous brain tumors. ( Booth, RA; Buchthal, SD; Chang, L; Cornford, M; Ernst, TM; Jenden, D; McBride, D; Miller, BL, 1995)
"Choline values were lower in chronic radiation necrosis than in solid anaplastic tumors (P < ."	1.28	Mapping of brain tumor metabolites with proton MR spectroscopic imaging: clinical relevance. ( Alger, JR; Bizzi, A; Di Chiro, G; Dietz, MJ; Dwyer, AJ; Frank, JA; Fulham, MJ; Raman, R; Shih, HH; Sobering, GS, 1992)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	2 (0.80)	18.7374
1990's	57 (22.89)	18.2507
2000's	98 (39.36)	29.6817
2010's	77 (30.92)	24.3611
2020's	15 (6.02)	2.80

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Trial of Dichloroacetate (DCA) in Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM)[NCT05120284]	Phase 2	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-07-01	Recruiting
Multi-paramEtric Imaging to Assess Treatment REsponse After Stereotactic Radiosurgery of Brain Metastases[NCT04626206]		12 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2020-12-31	Not yet recruiting
Treatment Development of Triheptanoin for Glucose Transporter Type I Deficiency[NCT02021526]	Phase 1/Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-12-31	Withdrawn (stopped due to NIH funding resulted in new clinical trial)
Metabolic Characterization of Space Occupying Lesions of the Brain Using in Vivo MR- (Spectroscopic) Imaging at 3 Tesla and 7 Tesla[NCT04233788]		55 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2021-09-01	Recruiting
In Vivo Proton MR Spectroscopy of Brain Metastases Obtained at 1,5T and 3T.[NCT00184353]		19 participants (Actual)	Observational	2003-11-30	Completed
Study of Clinical Biomarkers in Human Health and Disease (Healthiomics)[NCT05106725]		3,500 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2021-10-11	Recruiting
A Pilot Study of 1H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging in Pediatric Patients With Primary and Metastatic Brain Tumors[NCT00001574]		40 participants (Actual)	Observational	1997-03-14	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Article	Year
Unique magnetic resonance spectroscopy profile of intracranial meningiomas compared to gliomas: a systematic review. Acta neurologica Belgica, 2023, Volume: 123, Issue:6 Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Creatine; Female; Glioma; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectr	2023
Brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy to differentiate recurrent neoplasm from radiation necrosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging, 2023, Volume: 33, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; Choline; Cr	2023
The diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in differentiating high-from low-grade gliomas: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European radiology, 2016, Volume: 26, Issue:8 Topics: Area Under Curve; Aspartic Acid; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Creatine; Databases, Factual; Glioma; Hum	2016
Differentiating Radiation-Induced Necrosis from Recurrent Brain Tumor Using MR Perfusion and Spectroscopy: A Meta-Analysis. PloS one, 2016, Volume: 11, Issue:1 Topics: Aspartic Acid; Blood Volume; Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Creatine; Diagnosis, Differential; Hum	2016
Clinical magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the central nervous system. Handbook of clinical neurology, 2016, Volume: 135 Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Brain Neoplasms; Central Nervous System; Choline; Creatine; Glutamic	2016
[Magnetic resonance spectroscopy for cerebral imaging]. Archives de pediatrie : organe officiel de la Societe francaise de pediatrie, 2010, Volume: 17, Issue:6 Topics: Apoptosis; Aspartic Acid; Asphyxia Neonatorum; Biomarkers, Tumor; Brain; Brain Diseases; Brain Disea	2010
The role of MR spectroscopy in neurooncology. Prilozi, 2012, Volume: 33, Issue:1 Topics: Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers, Tumor; Brain Chemistry; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Creatine; Humans; Inosi	2012
Potential of MR spectroscopy for assessment of glioma grading. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery, 2013, Volume: 115, Issue:2 Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Creatine; Glioma; Humans; Inositol; Lactates; Lipid Metabol	2013
3 Tesla magnetic resonance spectroscopy: cerebral gliomas vs. metastatic brain tumors. Our experience and review of the literature. The International journal of neuroscience, 2013, Volume: 123, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aspartic Acid; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Creatine; Diagnosis, Differ	2013
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic evaluation of brain tumor metabolism. Seminars in oncology, 2004, Volume: 31, Issue:5 Topics: Alanine; Aspartic Acid; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Creatine; Glioma; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans	2004
[MRS for diagnosis of brain tumors]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2005, Volume: 63 Suppl 9 Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Creatine; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Image Enhancement; Lactic Acid;	2005
Proton MR spectroscopy of the brain at 3 T: an update. European radiology, 2007, Volume: 17, Issue:7 Topics: Artifacts; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Diseases; Brain Neoplasms; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Creatine	2007
Brain stem involvement in children with neurofibromatosis type 1: role of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy in the distinction from diffuse pontine glioma. Neurosurgery, 1997, Volume: 40, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Aspartic Acid; Brain Neoplasms; Brain Stem; Child; Child, Preschool; Choline; Creatine;	1997
Anaerobic energy metabolism in brain tumors. Progress in experimental tumor research, 1972, Volume: 17 Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Monophosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Aerobiosis; Anaerobiosis; An	1972

Article	Year
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy as an early indicator of response to anti-angiogenic therapy in patients with recurrent glioblastoma: RTOG 0625/ACRIN 6677. Neuro-oncology, 2013, Volume: 15, Issue:7 Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Aspartic Acid; Be	2013
Evaluation of the lactate-to-N-acetyl-aspartate ratio defined with magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging before radiation therapy as a new predictive marker of the site of relapse in patients with glioblastoma multiforme. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics, 2014, Oct-01, Volume: 90, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers, Tumor; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Crea	2014
Evaluation of human glioma using in-vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy combined with expression of cyclooxygenase-2: a preliminary clinical trial. Neuroreport, 2017, May-03, Volume: 28, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Creatine; Cyclooxygenase 2; Female;	2017
Prospective serial proton MR spectroscopic assessment of response to tamoxifen for recurrent malignant glioma. Journal of neuro-oncology, 2008, Volume: 90, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; Aspartic Acid; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Creatine; Dis	2008
Distinction between high-grade gliomas and solitary metastases using peritumoral 3-T magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion, and perfusion imagings. Neuroradiology, 2004, Volume: 46, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aspartic Acid; Blood Volume; Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Choli	2004
Contrast/Noise ratio on conventional MRI and choline/creatine ratio on proton MRI spectroscopy accurately discriminate low-grade from high-grade cerebral gliomas. Academic radiology, 2006, Volume: 13, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Algorithms; Brain Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; Choline; Creatine; Fe	2006
Correlation of magnetic resonance spectroscopic and growth characteristics within Grades II and III gliomas. Journal of neurosurgery, 2007, Volume: 106, Issue:4 Topics: Antibodies, Antinuclear; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Apoptosis; Aspartic Acid; Brain Neoplasms; Cell Pro	2007
Multivoxel 3D proton MR spectroscopy in the distinction of recurrent glioma from radiation injury. Journal of neuro-oncology, 2007, Volume: 84, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Creatine; Diagnosis, Differential; Fema	2007
Evaluation of invasiveness of astrocytoma using 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy: correlation with expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2. Neuroradiology, 2007, Volume: 49, Issue:11 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytoma; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Creatine; Female; Hum	2007
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with glial tumors: a multicenter study. Journal of neurosurgery, 1996, Volume: 84, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Astrocytoma; Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Child; Child, Pr	1996
[Quantification of brain metabolites by 1H spectroscopy using cyclohexane as an external reference]. Nihon Igaku Hoshasen Gakkai zasshi. Nippon acta radiologica, 1996, Volume: 56, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Creatine; Cyclohexanes; Female; Humans;	1996
Medial temporal lobe neuronal damage in temporal and extratemporal lesional epilepsy. Neurology, 2000, Apr-11, Volume: 54, Issue:7 Topics: Action Potentials; Adolescent; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Brain Neoplasms; Child; C	2000

creatine and Brain Neoplasms

Research Excerpts

Research

Studies (249)

Authors

Clinical Trials (7)

Trial Overview

Reviews

Trials

Other Studies

Authors	Studies
Rudnay, M	1
Waczulikova, I	1
Bullova, A	1
Rjaskova, G	1
Chorvath, M	1
Jezberova, M	1
Lehotska, V	1
Feng, A	1
Yuan, P	1
Huang, T	1
Li, L	2
Lyu, J	1
Farche, MK	1
Fachinetti, NO	1
da Silva, LR	1
Matos, LA	1
Appenzeller, S	1
Cendes, F	2
Reis, F	1
Wang, MH	1
Roa, W	1
Wachowicz, K	1
Yahya, A	1
Murtha, A	1
Amanie, J	1
Chainey, J	1
Quon, H	1
Ghosh, S	1
Patel, S	1
Tran, D	3
Nguyen, DH	3
Nguyen, HK	3
Nguyen-Thanh, VA	3
Dong-Van, H	3
Nguyen, MD	3
De Stefano, FA	1
Morell, AA	1
Smith, G	1
Warner, T	1
Soldozy, S	1
Elarjani, T	1
Eichberg, DG	1
Luther, E	1
Komotar, RJ	1
Aseel, A	1
McCarthy, P	1
Mohammed, A	1
Qiao, J	1
Wu, H	1
Liu, J	1
Kang, H	1
Wang, S	2
Fang, J	1
Zhang, J	4
Zhang, W	1
Carradus, AJ	1
Bradley, JMP	1
Gowland, PA	1
Mougin, OE	1
Zeinali-Rafsanjani, B	1
Mosleh-Shirazi, MA	1
Faghihi, R	1
Saeedi-Moghadam, M	1
Lotfi, M	1
Jalli, R	1
Goryawala, M	1
Saraf-Lavi, E	2
Nagornaya, N	1
Heros, D	1
Komotar, R	1
Maudsley, AA	3
Boban, J	1
Thurnher, MM	1
Brkic, S	1
Lendak, D	1
Bugarski Ignjatovic, V	1
Todorovic, A	1
Kozic, D	2
Fujita, Y	1
Kohta, M	1
Sasayama, T	1
Tanaka, K	2
Hashiguchi, M	1
Nagashima, H	1
Kyotani, K	1
Nakai, T	1
Ito, T	2
Kohmura, E	1
Wang, AP	1
Suryavanshi, T	1
Marcucci, M	1
Fong, C	1
Whitton, AC	1
Reddy, KKV	1
Flores-Alvarez, E	1
Anselmo Rios Piedra, E	1
Cruz-Priego, GA	1
Durand-Muñoz, C	1
Moreno-Jimenez, S	2
Roldan-Valadez, E	2
Zhao, JP	1
Cui, CX	1
Wang, JC	1
Su, HW	1
Duan, CF	1
Liu, XJ	1
Alirezaei, Z	1
Amouheidari, A	1
Hassanpour, M	1
Davanian, F	1
Iraji, S	1
Shokrani, P	1
Nazem-Zadeh, MR	1
Ditter, P	1
Hattingen, E	10
Liu, Z	1
Berrington, A	1
Voets, NL	1
Larkin, SJ	1
de Pennington, N	1
Mccullagh, J	1
Stacey, R	1
Schofield, CJ	1
Jezzard, P	1
Clare, S	1
Cadoux-Hudson, T	1
Plaha, P	1
Ansorge, O	1
Emir, UE	1
Heiland, DH	2
Gaebelein, A	1
Börries, M	1
Wörner, J	1
Pompe, N	1
Franco, P	1
Heynckes, S	1
Bartholomae, M	1
hAilín, DÓ	1
Carro, MS	2
Prinz, M	1
Weber, S	1
Mader, I	3
Delev, D	1
Schnell, O	1
Gao, W	2
Wang, X	2
Li, F	5
Shi, W	4
Li, H	4
Zeng, Q	5
Carlin, D	1
Babourina-Brooks, B	2
Davies, NP	2
Wilson, M	2
Peet, AC	3
Wang, B	1
Gogia, B	1
Fuller, GN	1
Ketonen, LM	1
Pedrosa de Barros, N	1
Meier, R	1
Pletscher, M	1
Stettler, S	1
Knecht, U	1
Herrmann, E	1
Schucht, P	1
Reyes, M	1
Gralla, J	1
Wiest, R	1
Slotboom, J	1
Cui, Y	2
Abdolmohammadi, J	1
Faeghi, F	1
Arefan, D	1
Zali, A	1
Haghighatkhah, H	1
Amiri, J	1
Gurbani, SS	1
Sheriff, S	1
Shim, H	1
Cooper, LAD	1
Ratai, EM	2
Zhang, Z	1
Snyder, BS	1
Boxerman, JL	1
Safriel, Y	1
McKinstry, RC	1
Bokstein, F	1
Gilbert, MR	1
Sorensen, AG	1
Barboriak, DP	1
Balos, DR	1
Gavrilović, S	1
Lavrnić, S	1
Vasić, B	1
Macvanski, M	1
Damjanović, D	1
Opinćal, TS	1
Bruggers, CS	1
Moore, K	1
Roder, C	1
Skardelly, M	1
Ramina, KF	1
Beschorner, R	1
Honneger, J	1
Nägele, T	1
Tatagiba, MS	1
Ernemann, U	1
Bisdas, S	1
Bradac, O	1
Vrana, J	1
Jiru, F	1
Kramar, F	1
Netuka, D	1
Hrabal, P	1
Horinek, D	1
de Lacy, P	1
Benes, V	1
Mama, N	1
Ben Abdallah, A	1
Hasni, I	1
Kadri, K	1
Arifa, N	1
Ladib, M	1
Tlili-Graiess, K	1
Madan, A	1
Ganji, SK	3
An, Z	1
Choe, KS	1
Pinho, MC	1
Bachoo, RM	2
Maher, EM	1
Choi, C	3
Parra, NA	1
Gupta, RK	2
Ishkanian, F	1
Huang, K	1
Walker, GR	1
Padgett, K	1
Roy, B	1
Panoff, J	1
Markoe, A	1
Stoyanova, R	1
Deviers, A	1
Ken, S	1
Filleron, T	1
Rowland, B	1
Laruelo, A	1
Catalaa, I	1
Lubrano, V	1
Celsis, P	1
Berry, I	1
Mogicato, G	1
Cohen-Jonathan Moyal, E	1
Laprie, A	1
Arvanitis, TN	1
Cai, K	2
Singh, A	1
Poptani, H	4
Li, W	1
Yang, S	1
Lu, Y	2
Hariharan, H	2
Zhou, XJ	2
Reddy, R	2
Stadler, KL	1
Ober, CP	1
Feeney, DA	1
Jessen, CR	1
Wataya, T	1
Ishizaki, R	1
Kitagawa, M	1
Tashiro, Y	1
Yamamoto, T	3
Isobe, T	2
Akutsu, H	2
Masumoto, T	2
Ando, H	1
Sato, E	1
Takada, K	1
Anno, I	2
Matsumura, A	2
Bourdillon, P	1
Hlaihel, C	2
Guyotat, J	2
Guillotton, L	1
Honnorat, J	2
Ducray, F	1
Cotton, F	2
Alam, MS	1
Ahsan, H	1
Sajjad, Z	1
Beg, M	1
Bhatti, U	1
Enam, A	1
Wasay, M	1
Ranjith, G	1
Parvathy, R	1
Vikas, V	1
Chandrasekharan, K	1
Nair, S	1
Ghasemi, K	1
Khanmohammadi, M	1
Saligheh Rad, H	1
Wang, Q	2
Zhang, H	1
Wu, C	1
Zhu, W	1
Chen, X	1
Xu, B	1
Chuang, MT	1
Liu, YS	1
Tsai, YS	1
Chen, YC	1
Wang, CK	1
Mohan, S	1
Chawla, S	1
Verma, G	1
Skolnik, A	1
Brem, S	1
Peters, KB	1
Carrera, I	1
Richter, H	1
Beckmann, K	1
Meier, D	1
Dennler, M	1
Kircher, PR	1
Xu, YJ	1
Li, HX	1
Shi, WQ	1
Li, FY	1
Wang, JZ	1
Zeng, QS	2
Schlosser, P	1
Pfeifer, D	1
Lange, T	1
Schwarzwald, R	1
Vasilikos, I	1
Urbach, H	1
Weyerbrock, A	1
Gilberto González, R	1
Nelson, SJ	13
Li, Y	3
Lupo, JM	2
Olson, M	2
Crane, JC	1
Molinaro, A	2
Roy, R	3
Clarke, J	1
Butowski, N	2
Prados, M	1
Cha, S	8
Chang, SM	5
Tain, RW	1
Damen, FC	1
Scotti, AM	1
Kadambi, AK	1
Park, I	2
Crane, J	1
Chang, S	5
Rios, C	1
Motola-Kuba, D	1
Matus-Santos, J	1
Villa, AR	1
Xu, Y	2
Yi, C	1
Simões, RV	1
Martinez-Aranda, A	1
Martín, B	1
Cerdán, S	2
Sierra, A	1
Arús, C	1
Raab, P	2
Franz, K	8
Lanfermann, H	7
Setzer, M	1
Gerlach, R	2
Zanella, FE	3
Pilatus, U	8
Sankar, T	1
Caramanos, Z	3
Assina, R	1
Villemure, JG	3
Leblanc, R	3
Langleben, A	2
Arnold, DL	5
Preul, MC	3
Srinivasan, R	1
Ratiney, H	1
Saraswathy, S	2
Crawford, FW	2
Lamborn, KR	3
Pirzkall, A	4
Guillevin, R	2
Menuel, C	2
Sanson, M	1
Hoang-Xuan, K	2
Chiras, J	2
Khayal, IS	1
McGue, C	1
Berger, MS	3
Douis, H	1
Jafri, M	1
Sherlala, K	1
Balaji, R	1
Ramachandran, K	1
Smith, EA	2
Carlos, RC	2
Junck, LR	1
Tsien, CI	1
Elias, A	2
Sundgren, PC	4
Nagesh, V	1
Tsien, C	1
Junck, L	2
Gomez Hassan, DM	1
Lawrence, TS	1
Chenevert, TL	1
Rogers, L	1
McKeever, P	1
Cao, Y	1
Qi, ZH	1
Li, CF	2
Li, ZF	1
Zhang, K	4
Yu, DX	1
Mazzoni, LN	1
Belli, G	1
Ginestroni, A	1
Pratesi, A	1
Agnoloni, S	1
Diciotti, S	1
Mascalchi, M	1
Zierhut, ML	1
Ozturk-Isik, E	2
Chen, AP	1
Vigneron, DB	4
Delic, O	1
Guilloton, L	1
Streichenberger, N	1
Blamek, S	2
Larysz, D	1
Ficek, K	1
Sokół, M	3
Miszczyk, L	1
Tarnawski, R	1
Wydmański, J	2
Matulewicz, L	1
Boguszewicz, L	1
Senft, C	1
Schänzer, A	1
Seifert, V	1
Gasser, T	1
Matsusue, E	1
Fink, JR	1
Rockhill, JK	1
Ogawa, T	1
Maravilla, KR	1
Goenka, AH	1
Kumar, A	1
Sharma, R	1
Le Fur, Y	2
Nicoli, F	2
Guye, M	1
Confort-Gouny, S	2
Cozzone, PJ	2
Kober, F	1
Porto, L	2
Kieslich, M	2
Lehrbecher, T	2
Vlaho, S	1
Server, A	2
Josefsen, R	2
Kulle, B	2
Maehlen, J	1
Schellhorn, T	1
Gadmar, Ø	1
Kumar, T	2
Haakonsen, M	1
Langberg, CW	1
Nakstad, PH	2
Desclée, P	1
Rommel, D	1
Hernalsteen, D	1
Godfraind, C	1
de Coene, B	1
Cosnard, G	1
Chebel, S	1
Ben Yahia, S	1
Boughammoura-Bouatay, A	1
Salem, R	1
Golli, M	1
Khairallah, M	1
Frih-Ayed, M	1
Girard, N	1
Gadmar, ØB	1
Liu, H	3
Li, C	2
Zhou, G	1
Blasel, S	1
Ackermann, H	1
Weidauer, S	1
Zanella, F	2
Widhalm, G	1
Krssak, M	1
Minchev, G	1
Wöhrer, A	1
Traub-Weidinger, T	1
Czech, T	1
Asenbaum, S	1
Marosi, C	1
Knosp, E	1
Hainfellner, JA	1
Prayer, D	1
Wolfsberger, S	1
Wagner, M	1
Nafe, R	2
Jurcoane, A	1
Rieger, J	1
Steinbach, JP	1
Takenaka, S	1
Shinoda, J	1
Asano, Y	1
Aki, T	1
Miwa, K	1
Yokoyama, K	1
Iwama, T	1
Shiigai, M	1
Nakai, K	1
Takano, S	1
Taillibert, S	1
Capelle, L	1
Costalat, R	1
Abud, L	1
Habas, C	1
De Marco, G	1
Vallée, JN	1
Elias, AE	1
Frechtling, D	1
George, B	1
Maly, P	2
Amin, A	1
Moustafa, H	1
Ahmed, E	1
El-Toukhy, M	1
DeBerardinis, RJ	1
Hatanpaa, KJ	1
Rakheja, D	1
Kovacs, Z	1
Yang, XL	1
Mashimo, T	1
Raisanen, JM	1
Marin-Valencia, I	1
Pascual, JM	1
Madden, CJ	1
Mickey, BE	1
Malloy, CR	1
Maher, EA	2
Geethanath, S	1
Baek, HM	1
Ding, Y	1
Sims, RD	1
Lewis, MA	1
Kodibagkar, VD	1
Mertens, K	1
Acou, M	1
Van den Broecke, C	1
Nuyts, R	1
Van Roost, D	1
Achten, E	1
Goethals, I	1
Gaudino, S	1
Di Lella, GM	1
Russo, R	1
Lo Russo, VS	1
Piludu, F	1
Quaglio, FR	1
Gualano, MR	1
De Waure, C	1
Colosimo, C	1
Shang, HB	1
Zhao, WG	1
Zhang, WF	1
Ostojić, J	1
Bjelan, M	1
Koprivšek, K	1
Tsougos, I	1
Svolos, P	1
Kousi, E	1
Fountas, K	1
Theodorou, K	1
Fezoulidis, I	1
Kapsalaki, E	1
Vettukattil, R	1
Gulati, M	1
Sjøbakk, TE	2
Jakola, AS	1
Kvernmo, NA	1
Torp, SH	1
Bathen, TF	1
Gulati, S	1
Gribbestad, IS	2
Bulik, M	1
Jancalek, R	1
Vanicek, J	1
Skoch, A	1
Mechl, M	1
Caivano, R	1
Lotumolo, A	1
Rabasco, P	1
Zandolino, A	1
D'Antuono, F	1
Villonio, A	1
Lancellotti, MI	1
Macarini, L	1
Cammarota, A	1
Sijens, PE	5
Oudkerk, M	4
Saindane, AM	1
Law, M	3
Xue, X	1
Knopp, EA	2
Zagzag, D	1
Rock, JP	2
Hearshen, D	2
Scarpace, L	2
Croteau, D	2
Gutierrez, J	2
Fisher, JL	2
Rosenblum, ML	1
Mikkelsen, T	2
Howe, FA	1
Barton, SJ	1
Cudlip, SA	1
Stubbs, M	1
Saunders, DE	1
Murphy, M	1
Wilkins, P	1
Opstad, KS	1
Doyle, VL	1
McLean, MA	1
Bell, BA	1
Griffiths, JR	1
Gruber, S	3
Mlynárik, V	2
Moser, E	4
Bulakbasi, N	1
Kocaoglu, M	1
Ors, F	1
Tayfun, C	1
Uçöz, T	1
Galanaud, D	1
Roche, P	1
Dufour, H	1
Ranjeva, JP	1
Peragut, JC	1
Viout, P	1
Hájek, M	1
Dezortová, M	1
Liscák, R	1
Vymazal, J	1
Vladyka, V	1
Bowen, BC	2
Pattany, PM	1
Sklar, EM	1
Murdoch, JB	1
Petito, CK	1
Lichy, MP	1
Bachert, P	3
Henze, M	1
Lichy, CM	1
Debus, J	1
Schlemmer, HP	1
Simonetti, AW	1
Melssen, WJ	1
van der Graaf, M	1
Postma, GJ	1
Heerschap, A	2
Buydens, LM	1
Lee, MC	1
McKnight, TR	3
Ando, K	1
Ishikura, R	1
Nagami, Y	1
Morikawa, T	1
Takada, Y	1
Ikeda, J	1
Nakao, N	1
Matsumoto, T	1
Arita, N	1
Chiang, IC	1
Kuo, YT	1
Lu, CY	1
Yeung, KW	1
Lin, WC	1
Sheu, FO	1
Liu, GC	1
Chen, CY	1
Lirng, JF	1
Chan, WP	1
Fang, CL	1
Tong, Z	1
Yamaki, T	1
Harada, K	1
Houkin, K	2
Chan, AA	1
Lau, A	1
Verhey, LJ	1
Larson, D	1
McDermott, MW	1
Dillon, WP	3
Cirak, B	1
Horská, A	1
Barker, PB	2
Burger, PC	1
Carson, BS	1
Avellino, AM	1
Plotkin, M	1
Eisenacher, J	1
Bruhn, H	1
Wurm, R	1
Michel, R	1
Stockhammer, F	1
Feussner, A	1
Dudeck, O	1
Wust, P	1
Felix, R	1
Amthauer, H	1
Astrakas, LG	1
Zurakowski, D	1
Tzika, AA	2
Zarifi, MK	1
Anthony, DC	1
De Girolami, U	1
Tarbell, NJ	1
Black, PM	1
Albers, MJ	1
Krieger, MD	1
Gonzalez-Gomez, I	1
Gilles, FH	1
McComb, JG	1
Nelson, MD	1
Blüml, S	1
Magalhaes, A	1
Godfrey, W	1
Shen, Y	1
Hu, J	1
Smith, W	1
Chernov, MF	2
Hayashi, M	2
Izawa, M	2
Abe, K	1
Usukura, M	1
Ono, Y	3
Kubo, O	1
Hori, T	2
Fayed, N	2
Modrego, PJ	2
Balmaceda, C	1
Critchell, D	1
Mao, X	1
Cheung, K	1
Pannullo, S	1
DeLaPaz, RL	1
Shungu, DC	1
Kitahara, S	1
Nakasu, S	1
Murata, K	1
Sho, K	1
Ito, R	1
Pulkkinen, J	1
Häkkinen, AM	1
Lundbom, N	2
Paetau, A	1
Kauppinen, RA	1
Hiltunen, Y	1
Grand, S	3
Tropres, I	1
Hoffmann, D	2
Ziegler, A	3
Le Bas, JF	3
Weybright, P	1
Hassan, DG	1
Nan, B	1
Rohrer, S	1
Likavcanová, K	1
Dobrota, D	1
Liptaj, T	1
Prónayová, N	1
Belan, V	1
Galanda, M	1
Béres, A	1
De Riggo, J	1
Uysal, E	1
Erturk, M	1
Yildirim, H	1
Karatag, O	1
Can, M	1
Tanik, C	1
Basak, M	1
Stadlbauer, A	2
Nimsky, C	2
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