cosyntropin and Heart-Arrest

This study characterizes hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function during cardiopulmonary arrest and after return of spontaneous circulation.. Prospective case series.. A large urban emergency department and intensive care unit over an 8-month period.. Two hundred five adult patients presenting in cardiopulmonary arrest to an urban emergency department. Three patients known to be taking corticosteroids were excluded from the study.. Cortisol concentrations were measured before and after advanced cardiac life support and for five consecutive hours after return of spontaneous circulation. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentrations were measured before advanced cardiac life support and when the cosyntropin stimulation tests were performed 6 and 24 hrs after the return of spontaneous circulation. The mean initial serum cortisol concentration was 32.0 +/- 33.1 micrograms/dL (882.9 +/- 913.2 nmol/L). Fifty-three percent of patients had cortisol concentrations of < 20 micrograms/dL (< 552 nmol/L) at the end of cardiac arrest. Among 44 patients who achieved return of spontaneous circulation, 98% had initial cortisol concentrations of > 10 micrograms/dL (> 276 nmol/L) and 73% of patients had initial cortisol concentrations of > 20 micrograms/dL (> 552 nmol/L). Mean serum cortisol concentrations increased significantly (p = .0001) from 1 to 6 hrs after return of spontaneous circulation and decreased significantly (p = .03) from 6 to 24 hrs. A serum cortisol concentration of < 30 micrograms/dL (< 828 nmol/L) was associated with a 96% and 100% mortality rate at 6 and 24 hrs, respectively. Mean ACTH concentrations were increased without a significant difference between the initial and 6-hr concentrations. Mean ACTH concentrations decreased between 6 and 24 hrs (p = .06). There were no significant responses to the cosyntropin stimulation at 6 and 24 hrs.. Cortisol concentrations after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest are lower than those concentrations reported in other stress states. There is an association between cortisol concentrations and short-term survival after cardiac arrest. Survivors have a significantly greater increase in serum cortisol concentrations than nonsurvivors during the first 24 hrs. Lower than expected cortisol concentrations for the extreme stress of cardiac arrest may have pathologic significance in the hemodynamic instability seen after return of spontaneous circulation. The etiology of the low cortisol concentrations may be primary adrenal dysfunction.

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Aged; Brain Ischemia; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Cosyntropin; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Heart Arrest; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Male; Middle Aged; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Survival Rate; Time Factors; Urban Population

Suppression of the adrenal axis may occur frequently in post-cardiac arrest patients. Physiological doses of corticosteroids have been shown to reverse hypotension and decrease mortality in other forms of shock. We sought to investigate current clinical practice pertaining to the evaluation for relative adrenal insufficiency in post-cardiac arrest shock.. We performed a retrospective analysis of post-cardiac arrest patients in an urban emergency department. Inclusion criteria included pre-hospital cardiac arrest patients over the age of 18 with a sustained return of spontaneous circulation that required vasopressor support. Exclusion criteria were traumatic arrest and cardiac arrest in the presence of healthcare personnel. The primary endpoint was the percent of patients in refractory shock that either had their adrenal axis tested or were treated for presumed relative adrenal insufficiency. Data analysis was descriptive in nature.. A total of 79 post-cardiac arrest patients were analyzed. Of the 79 patients, 69 were vasopressor-dependent. Of this group, 13% (9/69) had a cortisol level checked (with or without cosyntropin stimulation). Of those who had a cosyntropin stimulation test performed, 86% met biochemical criteria for relative adrenal insufficiency. Seventeen percent of vasopressor-dependent patients received corticosteroids explicitly for their shock state. Overall, only 32% of patients in refractory shock had testing for relative adrenal insufficiency or received corticosteroids for shock.. Though vasopressor-dependent shock is common in post-cardiac arrest patients, adrenal insufficiency was not considered in the majority of cases.

Topics: Adrenal Insufficiency; Biomarkers; Cosyntropin; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Heart Arrest; Hormones; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies