contraceptives--postcoital and Virus-Diseases

If used correctly, only 2 out of every 100 women using a diaphragm would conceive over a year; however, because of forgetfulness the figure increases to 19 out of every 100. With good care they can last up to 12 years. The contraceptive sponge works because of the sperm-killing ingredients in the spermicide and because it blocks the cervix. The condom may also provide some protection against a variety of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), such as herpes and gonorrhea. Missing one day of a low-dose oral contraceptive formulation (35 mcg) will have no consequences since the pill works by keeping hormone levels in the body elevated over time. With IUDs the only potential pitfall is forgetting to check for the tail every week of the first month and once a month thereafter to be sure the IUD is still in place. Some physicians suggest using a second form of contraception for the first three months after an IUD is inserted, since the odds are slightly higher it will be dislodged during this time. The manufacturers of Cu-7's and Cu-T's, as well as most physicians, recommend replacement of this device every three years. Experts are in agreement, however, that copper-containing IUDs carry a slightly lower risk of infection than Progestasert and the Lippes Loop. For postcoital contraception douching or using a spermicide within 10 minutes may help a bit. Although an IUD insertion can prevent pregnancy 90-95% of the time if it is done within five days of unprotected intercourse, because of the infection risk, this is not recommended unless a woman is planning on leaving the device in place as a contraceptive. The morning-after pill also works by preventing implantation of the fertilized egg. Taking two within 24 hours and two more 12 hours later prevents pregnancy 90-95% of the time, possibly with mild nausea or headache.

Topics: Condoms; Contraception; Contraceptive Agents; Contraceptive Devices, Female; Contraceptives, Oral; Contraceptives, Postcoital; Disease; Family Planning Services; HIV Infections; Infections; Intrauterine Devices; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Spermatocidal Agents; Virus Diseases