contraceptives--postcoital and Pregnancy--Tubal

Topics: Contraceptives, Postcoital; East Asian People; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Tubal

Previous studies revealed the increasing risk of tubal pregnancy following failure of levonorgestrel (LNG)-induced emergency contraception, which was attributed to the reduced ciliary motility in response to LNG. However, understanding of the mechanism of LNG-induced reduction in the ciliary beat frequency (CBF) is limited. The transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) 4 channel is located widely in the female reproductive tract and generates an influx of Ca

Topics: Animals; Calcium; Cell Line; Cilia; Contraception, Postcoital; Contraceptive Agents, Hormonal; Contraceptive Effectiveness; Contraceptives, Postcoital; Down-Regulation; Epithelial Cells; Fallopian Tubes; Female; Humans; Levonorgestrel; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Oviducts; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Tubal; Progesterone; Receptors, Progesterone; TRPV Cation Channels

Reports of ectopic gestation after failure of emergency contraceptive pills have thus far been rare, although the use of various types of emergency contraceptive pills is becoming more and more popular world-wide. We report two cases of ectopic gestation following failure of levonorgestrel as over-the-counter emergency contraceptive pills. The women personally purchased the pills over-the-counter at a drugstore and took them routinely. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of an ectopic gestation when an emergency contraceptive pill fails. We recommend to women the full use of established service networks to enhance education and dissemination of information on emergency contraception. Additionally, health providers should advise women very clearly that, if treatment fails, pregnancy could occur, including ectopic gestation.

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Adult; Contraceptives, Postcoital; Contraceptives, Postcoital, Synthetic; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Levonorgestrel; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Tubal; Risk Assessment

Topics: Adult; Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; Contraceptives, Postcoital; Ethinyl Estradiol; Female; Humans; Levonorgestrel; Norgestrel; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Tubal

Topics: Contraceptives, Postcoital; Diethylstilbestrol; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Tubal

A case report is presented of the failure of diethylstilbestrol to prevent an ectopic pregnancy. A 29-year-old physician's wife, gravida 4, para 2, abortuses 2, received 25 mg diethylstilbestrol twice daily for 5 days beginning on Day 14 of the menstrual cycle after condom accident during intercourse the prior night. Withdrawal bleeding did not occur. The patient's menstrual period before the condom accident had begun on August 25, 1971. In mid-October she returned to the doctor feeling pregnant. The pregnancy test was positive on October 18, 1971, and physical examination revealed a soft uterus of about 7 weeks' gestation. Because of the fear of congenital defects in the fetus from diethylstilbestrol, suction curettage was carried out on October 27, 1971. On October 31, 1971, the patient experienced great pain in the lower left quadrant. Her abdomen was tender and distended, and pelvic examination revealed a bulging cul-de-sac from which culdocentesis revealed nonclotting blood. Laparotomy revealed a ruptured tubal pregnancy on the left side. A left salpingectomy was carried out which pathologically confirmed a tubal pregnancy. The question of whether diethylstilbestrol prevents implantation in the uterus but not in extrauterine sites is examined. A report by Morris is noted in which the only 3 pregnancies which followed diethylstilbestrol failure were ectopic. It is recommended that others with similar cases report them in order to better understand what occurs.

Topics: Adult; Contraceptives, Postcoital; Diethylstilbestrol; Embryo Implantation; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Tubal; Pregnancy, Unwanted; Rupture

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Contraception; Contraceptive Agents; Contraceptive Devices; Contraceptives, Postcoital; Counseling; Diethylstilbestrol; Female; Humans; Intrauterine Devices; Ovulation; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Tubal; Pregnancy, Unwanted; Sex Education; Tablets, Enteric-Coated