contraceptives--postcoital and Pain

The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the efficacy and side effects and the benefits and limitations of inserting Multiload intrauterine device (IUD) for emergency contraception. A total of 1013 women requesting emergency contraception was recruited, among whom 843 were parous women and 170 nulliparous women. Multiload Cu-375 SL IUD was inserted within 120 h after unprotected intercourse. A urine test for pregnancy was performed before IUD insertion to rule out pregnancy. Participants were followed-up until 1 week after the expected day of the next menstruation. Pregnancy test or ultrasound scanning were performed if menstruation did not return. Efficacy of preventing unplanned pregnancy was calculated. Efficacy and side effects were compared between the parous and nulliparous groups. The results showed that there were two pregnancies, one in each group. The pregnancy rate was 0.2 per 100 women. The efficacy rate of preventing unwanted pregnancy in the parous group was 98.1% and in the nulliparous group 92.4%. The difference was not significant. Removal of IUD because of pain and bleeding was 2.5% in parous women, but was more in the nulliparous group (10.6%). After the return of menstruation, 95.7% of parous women and 80% of nulliparous women maintained the IUD for contraception. There were two complete expulsions and three partial expulsions of the IUD, but there was no significant changes in menstruation and bleeding pattern, nor was infection or trauma observed. It was concluded that IUD insertion is a safe and effective method for emergency contraception for both parous and nulliparous women. One of the advantages of using an IUD is its long-term contraceptive effect, if the women prefer to continue its use.

Topics: Contraceptives, Postcoital; Female; Humans; Intrauterine Devices, Copper; Pain; Parity; Pregnancy; Safe Sex; Time Factors; Uterine Hemorrhage

71 women who presented on or after the 6th day following unprotected coitus were fitted with a copper-containing IUD. There were no postcoital contraceptive failures or later method failures in the 64 women who have been followed up. Medical removal due to bleeding, and requests for device removal, reached 46% within 6 months. Delayed postcoital IUD insertion appears to be a safe, effective procedure in skilled hands and may help avoid pregnancy termination.

Topics: Age Factors; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Contraception; Contraceptives, Postcoital; Copper; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Family Planning Services; Inorganic Chemicals; Intrauterine Devices; Menstrual Cycle; Metals; Metrorrhagia; Pain; Parity; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Therapeutics

Menstrual regulation as a contraceptive method, as well as a form of early pregnancy termination, was studied in 200 patients presenting at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital for pregnancy termination. Findings supported the contention that menstrual regulation is a simple, safe, and effective procedure. Recommendations were made to incorporate the procedure into family planning services. Women were deemed eligible for the menstrual regulation study if no more than 45 days had elapsed since their last menstrual cycle and if their medical history did not contraindicate the use of the procedure. The women were given a pregnancy test prior to aspiration. The menstrual regulation procedure was performed with an electric vaccum aspirator and the patients received no anesthetic. Following the procedure the aspirate was histologically examined for pregnancy determination. Four weeks later the patients were given a pelvic examination and a urine pregnancy test. Histological examination of the aspirate confirmed pregnancy in 80.5% of the patients. When the findings were compared to the preoperative pregnancy test results, 2.5% of the pregnancy tests were false positives and 4% were false negatives. No severe complications occurred at the time of the procedure an only 2% of the patients required additional curettage. In the 4 week follow-up examination, 10% of the patients reported minor symptoms, 3% reported minor infections, and all pregnancy tests were negative. Following the procedure, 20% of the patients accepted IUDs, 15% accepted horomonal contraceptives, and the remaining 65% opted for conventional methods. Tables show 1) age distribution of patients; 2) distribution of patients by gestation and amount of aspirate; 3) accuracy of pregnancy test compared to histological findings; 4) frequency of histological findings; 5) reported follow-up symptoms for those patients who accepted IUDs and those who did not accept IUDs immediately after menstrual regulation.

Topics: Asia; Asia, Southeastern; Contraceptives, Postcoital; Developing Countries; Disease; Family Planning Services; Follow-Up Studies; General Surgery; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures; Health Planning; Histology; India; Infections; Intrauterine Devices; Menstruation; Pain; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Postoperative Care; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Tests; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Preoperative Care; Reproduction; Research; Signs and Symptoms; Therapeutics; Women

Topics: Behavior; Breast Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Central Nervous System Diseases; Contraception; Contraceptives, Oral; Contraceptives, Postcoital; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Headache; Humans; Hypertension; Jaundice; Libido; Liver Diseases; Menstruation Disturbances; Mental Disorders; Nausea; Pain; Progestins; Skin Diseases

Topics: Animals; Breast Diseases; Contraceptives, Postcoital; Embryo Implantation; Estrogens; Female; Haplorhini; Humans; Menorrhagia; Pain; Time Factors; Vomiting