contraceptives--postcoital and Diabetes-Mellitus--Type-1

An overview is presented of the major methods of contraception available to the sexually active adolescent. Emphasis is given to the combined birth control pill, while the literature describing absolute and relative contraindications to oral contraception is reviewed. It is noted that adolescents with chronic illness must also be evaluated for contraceptive needs. Other methods covered include the intrauterine device, barrier methods (diaphragm, condom, and vaginal contraceptives), injectable contraceptives, postcoital contraception, and methods under current investigation. The approach to each patient must be individualized, based on her coital activity, understanding of alternatives, medical status, and what method is chosen.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Collagen Diseases; Contraception; Contraceptive Agents, Female; Contraceptive Devices, Female; Contraceptive Devices, Male; Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic; Contraceptives, Postcoital; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Intrauterine Devices; Male; Migraine Disorders; Oligomenorrhea; Progesterone; Risk; Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies

Causes for the widespread divergence in choice of contraceptive methods are outlined in this article. The reasons for this lack of uniformity can be found in differences in historical and cultural development of groups, religious preferences, and socioeconomic phenomena, especially the influence of mass media. It is found that there is little uniformity within countries of the East and West, as well as within ethnic groups of similar social strata and economic development. It is also noted that the choice of individual contraceptive methods depends on considerations related to use, risk factors, acceptability, and such other variables as age, health condition, sexual behavior, educational level, and religious or ideological judgments.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Contraception; Contraceptive Devices, Male; Contraceptives, Oral; Contraceptives, Postcoital; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Female; Humans; Intrauterine Devices; Lactation; Male; Maternal Age; Mortality; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, High-Risk; Risk; Sex Factors; Smoking