contraceptives--postcoital and Chemical-and-Drug-Induced-Liver-Injury

An overview is presented of the major methods of contraception available to the sexually active adolescent. Emphasis is given to the combined birth control pill, while the literature describing absolute and relative contraindications to oral contraception is reviewed. It is noted that adolescents with chronic illness must also be evaluated for contraceptive needs. Other methods covered include the intrauterine device, barrier methods (diaphragm, condom, and vaginal contraceptives), injectable contraceptives, postcoital contraception, and methods under current investigation. The approach to each patient must be individualized, based on her coital activity, understanding of alternatives, medical status, and what method is chosen.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Collagen Diseases; Contraception; Contraceptive Agents, Female; Contraceptive Devices, Female; Contraceptive Devices, Male; Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic; Contraceptives, Postcoital; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Intrauterine Devices; Male; Migraine Disorders; Oligomenorrhea; Progesterone; Risk; Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies

This is a general review of the types of steroid contraceptives, their mode of action and efficacy, and major complications, including thromboembolism, cancer, jaundice, diabetes and hypertension. Tables show combined and sequential pills available in Belgium, by brand name, manufacturer, and composition. About 300,000 Belgian women use the pill. Since endometrial cancer is probably, and cervical cancer certainly, not enhanced by the pill, the maternal death rate among pill users is about 5% of the rate among unprotected sexually active women.

Topics: Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Contraceptives, Oral; Contraceptives, Postcoital; Estrogens; Hypertension; Injections; Neoplasms; Progestins; Thromboembolism; Time Factors