concanavalin-a and Stomach-Neoplasms

In the study, we used Con A affinity chromatography, 1-D gel electrophoresis, and nano-LC-MS/MS to screen biomarker candidates in plasma samples obtained from 30 patients with gastric cancer and 30 healthy volunteers. First, we pooled plasma samples matched by age and sex. We identified 17 differentially expressed Con A-bound glycoproteins, including 10 upregulated proteins and 7 downregulated proteins; these differences were significant (Student's t-test, p-value<0.05). Furthermore, 2 of the upregulated proteins displayed expression levels that were increased by 2-fold or more in gastric cancer samples when compared with normal control samples. These proteins included leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein (LRG1) and inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H3 (ITIH3), and the expression levels were validated by Western blot analysis. Pathway and network analysis of the differentially expressed proteins by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed vital canonical pathways involving acute phase response signaling, the complement system, LXR/RXR activation, hematopoiesis from pluripotent stem cells, and primary immunodeficiency signaling. Our results suggest that Con A-bound LRG1 and ITIH3 may not be practically applicable as a robust biomarker for the early detection of gastric cancer. Additionally, three novel PTMs in ITIH3 were identified and include hexose-N-acetyl-hexosamine at asparagine-(41), trimethylation at aspartic acid-(290), and flavin adenine dinucleotide at histidine-(335).. Our study was to describe a combinatorial approach of Con A affinity chromatography, 1-D SDS-PAGE, and nano-LC/MS/MS that provides a label-free, comparative glycoproteomic quantification strategy for the investigation of glycoprotein profiles in plasma from gastric cancer patients versus healthy volunteers and to identify glycoprotein biomarkers for the early clinical detection of gastric cancer. Three novel PTMs, HexHexNAc, trimethylation and FAD, in Con A-bound ITIH3 were identified and built in molecular modeling. The aspartic acid-(290) trimethylation site was located in a metal ion-dependent adhesion site (MIDAS motif; (290)-DXSXS…T…D-(313)) that may influence important function for binding protein ligands.

Topics: Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Blood Proteins; Chromatography, Affinity; Concanavalin A; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Glycoproteins; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Proteins; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Proteome; Proteomics; Stomach Neoplasms

Natural antibodies to the tumor-associated Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (TF) are related to tumor immunosurveillance and cancer patients' survival. Hidden IgG antibodies (HAbs) to TF, their lectin reactivity, avidity, and clinical relevance were studied. HAbs were present in cancer patients and controls. A decreased level of IgG HAbs was detected in cancer. The HAbs level positively correlated with the sialospecific SNA lectin binding in purified total IgG (tIgG) in donors and cancer patients, indicating that HAbs are higher sialylated. The avidity of anti-TF IgG in tIgG samples was lower in cancer patients (

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Agglutinins; Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate; Biomarkers; Concanavalin A; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Lectins; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; ROC Curve; Sambucus nigra; Stomach Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome

In the last three decades, numerous polysaccharides and polysaccharide-protein complexes have been isolated from plant or animal and used as a promising source of therapeutic agents for cancer. In this study, we examined the effects of Purslane polysaccharides (PPs) on the oxidative injury and immune status in N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced gastric cancer rats. PPs administration (200, 400 or 800mg/kg body weight) could not only increase the body weight, peripheral white blood cells (WBC) count, thymus and spleen indexes, but also remarkably promote splenocytes proliferation of gastric cancer rats. Furthermore, the production of serum cytokines in gastric cancer rats, such as interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was enhanced by PPs treatment. Besides, treatment with PPs was found to provide a dose-dependent protection against MNNG-induced oxidative injury by enhancing SOD, CAT, GSH-Px activities of gastric cancer rats. Taken together, we concluded that enhancement of antioxidants and immune response might be responsible for the anticancer effect of PPs in gastric cancer.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Body Weight; Catalase; Cell Proliferation; Concanavalin A; Cytokines; Glutathione Peroxidase; Immunologic Factors; Leukocyte Count; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Mice; Polysaccharides; Portulaca; Rats, Wistar; Spleen; Stomach Neoplasms; Superoxide Dismutase

The prognostic value of histologic classifications of gastric adenocarcinoma is controversial, although they have been commonly used. The clinical significance of the mucin phenotype has not been clarified. This study was conducted to determine the clinical significance of mucin phenotype as a possible prognostic factor. Mucin histochemistry by paradoxical concanavalin A (Con A) staining and immunostaining for 45M1, MUC2 glycoprotein and CD10 of mucin was performed in surgically obtained paraffin-embedded specimens from 106 gastric adenocarcinomas. We determined their mucin phenotypes and analyzed their relationships with clinical and histopathologic variables and survival rates. Among 106 gastric adenocarcinomas, 37 (34.9%), 35 (33.0%), 22 (20.8%) and 12 (11.3%) expressed the intestinal (I-), the gastric (G-), mixed (M-), and undetermined (U-) phenotypes, respectively. Although the mucin phenotype correlated well with histologic differentiation (p=0.000) and Lauren's classification of a tumor (p=0.003), it did not accord completely with them. There was no relationship between mucin phenotype and other patient clinicopathologic variables. No statistically significant difference in survival was observed among mucin phenotypes on univariate (p=0.089) and multivariate (p=0.088) analyses. However, the patients with I-phenotype tumor had a significantly better outcome than those with non-I-phenotype tumor on univariate (p=0.023) and multivariate (p=0.049) analyses. In conclusion, the mucin phenotype did not accord completely with histologic differentiation and Lauren's classification of gastric adenocarcinoma, despite a well-defined correlation between them. I-phenotypic expression, but not the histologic differentiation and Lauren's classification, was found to be an independent good prognostic factor of gastric cancers.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Concanavalin A; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Middle Aged; Mucin-2; Mucins; Neoplasm Staging; Neprilysin; Phenotype; Prognosis; Stomach Neoplasms

Glycan structures of IgG strongly influence the affinity for Fcgamma receptors and antibody effector functions. However, no particular attention has been paid yet to the glycosylation of tumor antigen-specific IgG. The objectives of this study were (i) to investigate the concanavalin A lectin (ConA) reactivity of human anti-Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) and anti-alphaGal specific IgG in gastric cancer patients and healthy controls and (ii) to evaluate whether the ConA-reactivity of anti-TF and anti-alphaGal specific IgG is associated with the survival rate of patients with cancer. Total IgG was purified from the sera of patients with gastric cancer and healthy blood donors. The anti-TF and anti-alphaGal glycotope specific IgG were detected with ELISA using synthetic saccharide-polyacrylamide conjugates as antigen. In parallel plate, the ConA reactivity of the anti-TF or anti-alphaGal IgG was determined and the ConA index was calculated. Results show that serum anti-TF specific IgG antibodies of patients with cancer contain significantly higher content of ConA positive IgG glycoform compared to IgG of controls. No correlation between the ConA reactivity of anti-TF IgG and anti-alphaGal IgG was observed. High level of anti-TF IgG ConA reactivity was associated with a significantly lower survival rate of patients with gastric cancer.

Topics: Acrylic Resins; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; alpha-Galactosidase; Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate; Concanavalin A; Epitopes; Female; Glycosylation; Humans; Immunity, Humoral; Immunoglobulin G; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Stomach Neoplasms; Survival Rate

All human immunoglobulins are glycosylated. The changes in IgG glycosylation are associated with autoimmune disorders and pregnancy. Little is known about IgG glycosylation in patients with cancer. A lectin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (LELISA) based method was developed for measuring the Concanavalin A - positive IgG in the serum. Its rationale is as follows: PtA was used as a capture agent for binding IgG via the Fc fragment. Then IgG and the ConA-positive glycans on the IgG were detected using an anti-human IgG-F(ab)2 alkaline phosphatase conjugate or biotinylated ConA, respectively. The index ConA binding/total IgG was calculated. Serum samples from patients with gastric carcinoma (n=53) and healthy blood transfusion donors (n=24) were analysed. The protein A-agarose and ConA-sepharose affinity chromatography was applied to the purification of IgG, ConA-positive IgG, and Fab fragments. The LELISA, SDS-PAGE and Western blot methods were used to analyse the purified IgG and Fab fragments. A significantly higher ConA binding to IgG was found in patients with cancer compared to that of blood donors (ConA index = 1.07+/-0.08 (95% CI) and 0.81+/-0.08, respectively; P=0.0002). In donors, a significant correlation between the level of IgG bound to PtA and the ConA binding (r=0.85; p<0.001) was observed. Patients with gastric cancer showed a less pronounced, though significant correlation (r=0.33; P=0.02). Only the Fd fragment of the Fabs derived from both total serum IgG and ConA-positive fraction of IgG contained the ConA-positive glycans. The comparison of the purified IgG and Fab fragments derived from healthy blood donors and patient with gastric cancer showed no difference in either SDS-PAGE, immunoblotting or LELISA pattern. The LELISA is simple, reproducible and suitable for the evaluation of IgG glycosylation changes. The level of ConA positive serum IgG was found to be increased in patients with cancer. No convincing evidence of the presence of asymmetrically glycosylated F(ab)2 fragments was found. A trend towards a better survival of patients with a lower level of the ConA-positive IgG was observed suggesting a possible blocking effect of the latter on tumor immunity.

Topics: Aged; Concanavalin A; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Glycosylation; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Male; Middle Aged; Stomach Neoplasms

Diallyl disulfide (DADS) is a major constituent of garlic. Previously, we found that DADS both inhibited proliferation in human gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, and induced G2/M arrest. In this study, we investigated whether this differentiation effect was induced by DADS in human gastric cancer MGC803 cells, and whether it was related to an alteration in ERK activity. The results showed that the growth of MGC803 cells was inhibited by DADS. Cells treated with DADS displayed a lower nucleocytoplasmic ratio and tended to form gland and intercellular conjunction structures. The ConA-mediated cell agglutination ratio and cells' ALP specific activity decreased. In MGC803 cells, dye transfer was limited to a few cells neighbouring the dye-injected cell and to a depth of 1-2 layers beneath the scrape site. However, after treatment with DADS, the LY (Lucifer Yellow) was transferred to several cells immediately neighbouring the microinjected cell and to a depth of 2-4 cell layers from the scrape site. This indicated that DADS induced differentiation in MGC803 cells. Western blot analysis revealed that although DADS did not influence the quantity of ERK1/2 protein expressed, it did decrease its phosphorylation in a concentration-dependent manner, compared with the controls. At 30 mg x L(-1), DADS inhibited the activation of ERK1/2 in 15-30 min. These results suggested that the DADS-induced differentiation of MGC803 cells involved an alteration of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.

Topics: Agglutination; Alkaline Phosphatase; Allyl Compounds; Butadienes; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Concanavalin A; Disulfides; Humans; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; Nitriles; Phosphoproteins; Phosphorylation; Stomach Neoplasms

It has been proved that some differentiated-type gastric carcinomas have a gastric phenotype. Similarly, it can be conjectured that some undifferentiated-type gastric carcinomas have an intestinal phenotype and that there are biological differences between undifferentiated-type gastric carcinomas with a gastric phenotype and those with an intestinal phenotype. We classified the phenotypes of early undifferentiated-type gastric carcinomas and investigated the relationship between their biological behavior and the phenotypes.. Sixty lesions of intramucosal undifferentiated-type gastric carcinoma were classified into four phenotypes; gastric type, incomplete-intestinal type, complete-intestinal type, and unclassified type, according to the expression of CD10, MUC2, small-intestinal mucinous antigen (SIMA), human gastric mucin (HGM), or concanavalin A (ConA).. The incidence of gastric-type carcinoma, incomplete-intestinal-type carcinoma, and complete-intestinal-type carcinoma was 33% (20 cases), 65% (39 cases), and 2% (1 case), respectively. There was no significant difference in any of the clinicopathological factors examined between the 20 gastric-type carcinomas and the 40 intestinal-type carcinomas, but there were significant differences in the morphological findings. Intestinal-type carcinomas had a glandular structure more frequently than the gastric-type carcinomas. The spreading pattern of gastric-type carcinomas showed a middle-layer type more frequently than the intestinal-type carcinomas.. Undifferentiated-type gastric carcinomas frequently expressed an intestinal phenotype. There were differences in the growth patterns between undifferentiated-type gastric carcinomas with a gastric phenotype and those with the intestinal phenotype.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Antigens, Neoplasm; Biomarkers, Tumor; Cell Differentiation; Concanavalin A; Female; Gastric Mucins; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Middle Aged; Mucin-2; Mucins; Neprilysin; Phenotype; Stomach Neoplasms

The molecular mechanisms underlying the development of intestinal metaplasia (IM) of the human stomach have yet to be clarified in detail. Besides ectopic expression of intestinal transcription factors, Cdx1 and Cdx2, little information is available regarding other regulatory factors. Hence, we here analyzed Sox2, a human homolog of a chicken gastric transcription factor, with reference to our new classification for gastric/intestinal (GI)-mixed type IM.. Twenty specimens of surgically resected antral mucosa were subjected to a gland isolation technique. Isolated glands were classified into gastric (G), GI-mixed, and solely intestinal (I) types according to Alcian blue and paradoxical concanavalin A staining and were quantified for mRNA levels of gastrointestinal markers.. MUC5AC and MUC6 transcripts decreased with the progression of IM, while MUC2 and villin-1 were inversely correlated. Sox2 showed a gradual decrease from G, through GI, to the I type (G vs GI and GI vs I, P<0.01 and P<0.005, respectively). On the other hand, Cdx1 (G vs GI and GI vs I, P<0.0001 and P=0.337, respectively) and Cdx2 (G vs GI and GI vs I, P<0.0001 and P<0.05, respectively) appeared in IM. Immunohistochemical study confirmed decreased expression of Sox2 and ectopic emergence of Cdx2 protein in IM glands.. Down-regulation of Sox2, besides ectopic expression of Cdx genes, may be important factors for the development of IM.

Topics: Avian Proteins; Concanavalin A; Disease Progression; DNA-Binding Proteins; Down-Regulation; Gastric Mucosa; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; HMGB Proteins; Homeodomain Proteins; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Intestinal Mucosa; Metaplasia; Mucin 5AC; Mucin-5B; Mucin-6; Mucins; Nuclear Proteins; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; SOXB1 Transcription Factors; Stomach Neoplasms; Transcription Factors

A plasma cell tumor of the stomach with unusual histology is reported. Macroscopically, the tumor formed two ulcers in the gastric body, and microscopic examination revealed proliferation of plasma cells producing immunoglobulin G kappa monotypic immunoglobulin, with metastatic infiltration in some perigastric lymph nodes. Most of these plasma cells had various-sized Russell bodies in the cytoplasm; hence the tumor may be called Mott cell tumor. The Russell bodies showed a strong affinity to concanavalin A by lectin immunohistochemistry, compared with those in reactive Mott cells. In addition, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection was proved by Gimenez stain and immunohistochemistry. The mixture of some centrocyte-like cells and presence of reactive lymph follicles with follicular colonization by tumor cells suggest that this lesion may be a variant of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma in association with H. pylori infection. The patient has shown no evidence of recurrence of the tumor after 11 years of follow up.

Topics: Antigens, Bacterial; Concanavalin A; Female; Gastrectomy; Gastric Mucosa; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains; Middle Aged; Plasmacytoma; Stomach Neoplasms; Stomach Ulcer

Signet ring cell carcinomas of the stomach are thought to arise from the proper gastric mucosa without intestinal metaplasia. It was recently reported that intestinal phenotypes appear along with tumor progression. In this study, we performed several experiments to reconsider the significance of this intestinalization in the growth of signet ring cell carcinoma. We applied mucin histochemistry with monoclonal antibodies MUC2 (Ccp58) and M1 (45M1), and paradoxical concanavalin A staining for class III mucin [PCS(III)] reaction to 29 intramucosal and 25 deeply invasive carcinomas of this type and correlated the phenotypic expression with the size of the mucosal spread and the depth of tumor invasion. It was found that the larger the size of the mucosal lesion, the more frequently the intestinal phenotypes were demonstrated. There was no significant increase in the expression of the intestinal phenotype as the tumor invaded the deeper part of the mucosa or as the intestinal metaplasia increased in the background mucosa. The intestinal expression appeared to be suppressed in the earlier phase of deep invasion. In the mucosal part of the tumor, the intestinal phenotype was often expressed regionally and incompletely, coexisting with gastric phenotypes at the cellular and the tissue levels. These findings indicate that the expression of the intestinal phenotype is a time-dependent and unstable phenomenon probably based on the accumulation of genetic changes and plays a neutral role in progression of signet ring cell carcinomas.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell; Concanavalin A; Female; Gastric Mucosa; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; Male; Metaplasia; Middle Aged; Mucins; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Phenotype; Stomach Neoplasms

Although the major histologic type in small gastric cancers, less than 10 mm in diameter, is differentiated-type adenocarcinoma (D.Ca), the incidence of D.Ca and that of undifferentiated-type adenocarcinoma (UD.Ca) is almost the same in all early gastric cancers. Histologic conversion from D.Ca to UD.Ca has been speculated, however, a detailed examination of this phenomenon has not yet been performed. Three-hundred and 51 early gastric cancers (D.Ca, 150 (42.7%) lesions; UD.Ca, 93 (26.4%) lesions; and mixed differentiated and undifferentiated type (D&UD.Ca), 108 (30.8%) lesions; tumor size less than 10 mm in diameter; 64 lesions, more than 10 mm, 287 lesions) were examined histochemically with paradoxical concanavalin A type III and high-iron diamine-Alcian blue (pH 2.5), and immunohistochemically with antigastric mucin antibody. The associations between tumor size, tumor differentiation and phenotypic expression of mucin were examined. Regardless of the tumor size, mucin phenotypic expression in the mucosal lesions examined was preserved. Of 47 cancers with a gastrointestinal mucin phenotype (GIM type) or a gastric mucin phenotype (GM type) measuring less than 10 mm, 35 (74.5%) consisted of D.Ca and 12 (25.5%) of both D&UD.Ca and UD.Ca, while of 224 GIM or GM type cancers measuring more than 10 mm, 64 (28.6%) consisted of D.Ca and 160 (71.4%) of both D&UD.Ca and UD.Ca. Differences between these two groups were statistically significant (P < 0.001). Of 15 cancers with an intestinal mucin phenotype (IM type) measuring less than 10 mm, 12 (80.0%) consisted of D.Ca and three (20.0%) of both D&UD.Ca and UD.Ca, and of 50 IM type cancers measuring more than 10 mm, 35 (70.0%) consisted of D.Ca and 15 (30.0%) of both D&UD.Ca and UD.Ca. Differences between these two groups were not statistically significant. These findings suggest that small D.Ca showing gastric mucin expression may transform into UD.Ca during the progression of early gastric cancer.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Alcian Blue; Concanavalin A; Gastric Mucins; Horseradish Peroxidase; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Phenotype; Stomach Neoplasms

Topics: Ascitic Fluid; Concanavalin A; Humans; Interleukin-1; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Orosomucoid; Stomach Neoplasms; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

The characteristics, including metastatic potential, of 5 xenografts of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-producing gastric carcinomas in nude mice, designated TSG1, TSG3, TSG11, TSG17 and TSG20, were examined. Of these xenografts, TSG1, TSG11 and TSG20 were regarded as hepatoid adenocarcinomas based on their morphological resemblance to hepatocellular carcinoma, frequent immunoreactivity for liver-cell markers, and excessive production of AFP with a high concanavalin A (Con-A)-binding property of hepatic type. On the other hand, TSG3 and TSG17 tumors showed the features of poorly differentiated medullary adenocarcinoma with scattered AFP-positive cells consistent with low AFP levels in mouse sera, and negative immunoreactivity for other liver-cell markers. Ultrastructurally, these tumors were composed of undifferentiated cells with a little adenocarcinomatous differentiation. Moreover, the AFP produced by TSG3 and TSG17 tumors had an extremely high Con-A nonbound fraction (80% to 90%), which was different from that of the hepatic or yolk-sac types. Therefore, both TSG3 and TSG17 tumors were regarded as non-hepatoid, poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas which could be differentiated from any types of AFP-producing gastric carcinoma. Furthermore, cells from hepatoid adenocarcinoma strains (TSG1, TSG11 and TSG20) injected into the spleens of nude mice produced liver metastases in all the mice examined, whereas cells from non-hepatoid carcinoma strains (TSG3 and TSG17) produced few or no liver metastases. Our data show that some non-hepatoid AFP-producing gastric carcinomas have lower liver-metastasizing potential than hepatoid AFP-producing gastric carcinomas.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; alpha-Fetoproteins; Animals; Concanavalin A; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Nude; Microscopy, Electron; Neoplasm Transplantation; Stomach Neoplasms; Transplantation, Heterologous

The case is presented of a 46 year old woman who had a gastric tumor with components of choriocarcinoma, hepatoid adenocarcinoma and common types of adenocarcinoma. Although two histologic types of tumor producing carcinoplacental or carcinofetal proteins were contained within the tumor, immunohistochemical analyses, especially of placental alkaline phosphatase, clearly showed that each component was present separately within the same tumor. It was only hepatoid adenocarcinoma cells that permeated the lymph and blood vessels. After the recurrence, the serum level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) markedly elevated, but that of human chorionic gonadotropic beta-subunit (hCG-beta) was always within normal range. These findings indicate that in the present case the hepatoid adenocarcinoma component was more aggressive in growth than the choriocarcinoma component.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; alpha-Fetoproteins; Choriocarcinoma; Concanavalin A; Female; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Middle Aged; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary; Stomach Neoplasms

Nine cases of gastric carcinoma with excessive production of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were analyzed morphologically, histochemically and biochemically. Consequently, it was proposed that AFP-producing gastric carcinomas should be divided into three subtypes: (i) hepatoid type; (ii) yolk sac tumor-like type; and (iii) fetal gastrointestinal type. The data from the study suggested that the hepatoid type and the yolk sac tumor-like type are derived from liver cell metaplasia and yolk sac cell metaplasia of common poorly differentiated medullary adenocarcinoma, respectively. The fetal gastrointestinal type seemed to be a result of the imitation of fetal gastrointestinal epithelium by common tubular adenocarcinoma. The hepatoid type was also the most common in the file of AFP-producing gastric carcinoma. Unfortunately, most of the hepatoid types seemed to be highly malignant.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; alpha-Fetoproteins; Concanavalin A; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Lectins; Male; Middle Aged; Phenotype; Protein Binding; Stomach Neoplasms

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Biomarkers, Tumor; Concanavalin A; Humans; Immunoelectrophoresis; Orosomucoid; Stomach Neoplasms

Phenotypic expression of tumor cells was investigated in 33 early gastric carcinomas by mucin histochemistry using paradoxical concanavalin A staining. This staining method had been developed to differentiate 3 classes of mucins located at various sites of the alimentary tract. Twenty-five (76%) tumors contained mixtures of neutral or acid class II mucin and class III mucin, suggesting the origin of multipotential stem cells. The surface mucous cell expression was more dominant than the pyloric gland or intestinal phenotypes in the well-and poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas. The intestinal properties of the tumor cells were noted not only in the well-differentiated but also in the poorly differentiated or signet ring cell carcinomas, not closely being related to the presence of background intestinal metaplasia. Signet ring cell carcinomas revealed a distinct pattern of mucin histochemistry compared with the other types.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous; Cell Differentiation; Concanavalin A; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Intestines; Metaplasia; Mucins; Staining and Labeling; Stem Cells; Stomach Neoplasms

The effect of OK-432 on suppressor inducer T cells in the generation of suppressor cells was investigated to determine its mechanism of action as an immunopotentiating agent. Suppressor cell activities induced by sera from patients with advanced cancer (stage III, IV or recurrence) were found to be as high as those induced by Con-A. Suppressor activity induced by Con-A or serum from cancer patients resided in CD8+ T cells, although CD4+ T-cells were required for the induction of suppressor cells. Significant increases in the CD4+2H4+ T cell population after stimulation with either Con-A or sera from the advanced cancer patients were observed when compared with stimulation by normal serum. Stimulation with Con-A induced suppressor cells as well as a significant increase of CD4+2H4+ T-cells. The presence of OK-432 during the generation of suppressor cells, however, significantly reduced the suppressor activity and apparently blocked the increase of CD4+2H4+ T-cells. Thus, it is suggested that OK-432 may interfere with the induction of suppressor cells through the blocking of CD4+2H4+ suppressor inducer T-cells.

Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Biological Products; Complement System Proteins; Concanavalin A; Flow Cytometry; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Lymphocyte Activation; Phenotype; Picibanil; Staining and Labeling; Stomach Neoplasms; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory

Biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses were done on five cases of gastric carcinoma with excessive production of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Histologic and ultrastructural examination of these cases showed conventional poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of cuboidal or polygonal tumor cells in the medullary area with scattered AFP-positive cancer cells. Comparative studies on serum AFP between these cases and in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or in testicular yolk sac tumor cases using concanavalin A (ConA)-affinity and lens culinalis agglutinin A (LCA)-affinity sepharose columns revealed that the AFP derived from four cases had a high ConA nonadsorping rate and high LCA-reactive fraction similar to that of yolk sac tumor. The AFP from one case had a small LCA-reactive fraction similar to that of HCC. Further immunohistochemical study using several markers for liver cells or germ cell tumor did not show additional evidence of these tumor cells to differentiate into liver cells or yolk sac tumor cells. Thus, this study indicates that AFP-producing gastric carcinomas are not always derived from hepatoid differentiation of the foregut. These gastric carcinomas might be categorized into medullary tumor with gastrointestinal tract-specific AFP.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Aged; alpha-Fetoproteins; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma; Chromatography, Affinity; Chromatography, Agarose; Concanavalin A; Cytoplasm; Female; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Lectins; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Stomach Neoplasms

Topics: Animals; Choristoma; Concanavalin A; Female; Galactose Oxidase; Intestines; Mucous Membrane; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rodent Diseases; S100 Proteins; Stomach Neoplasms

Profiles of concanavalin A (Con A) and lentil agglutinin (LCH) affinity immunoelectrophoresis were compared for serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) from patients with yolk sac tumors and carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract, in order to find some correlations between peaks of AFP subfractions detectable by two different lectins, and to investigate whether or not it is possible to prove that the binding of AFP to LCH is weakened to some extent if a fucosylated sugar chain has, in addition, a bisect N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) attached to the beta-linked mannose. The results obtained with our improved techniques tend to indicate that a Con A-reactive AFP subfraction (peak a) corresponds to an LCH strongly reactive AFP (peak A), while a Con A-nonreactive AFP (peak b) corresponds to an LCH weakly reactive AFP (peak B). the authors consider the present data sufficient to support the above explanation.

Topics: alpha-Fetoproteins; Concanavalin A; Dysgerminoma; Female; Humans; Immunoelectrophoresis; Lectins; Mesonephroma; Ovarian Neoplasms; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Plant Lectins; Stomach Neoplasms

The effect of surgery on peripheral blood mononuclear cell responsiveness to mitogens and suppressor cell (SC) activity assessed in a concanavalin A (ConA) assay were studied in patients with stage 0 and stage III-IV cancer. Patients were exposed to a similar surgical trauma the same type of anaesthesia, and to no pre- and early postoperative radio- or chemotherapy. A more pronounced postoperative decrease in the lymphocyte count, responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and ConA, and in the SC activity was found in the nonadvanced than advanced cancer group. These findings point to an impaired mobilization and distribution capacity of circulating lymphocytes in patients with advanced neoplastic disease.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma in Situ; Cells, Cultured; Colonic Neoplasms; Concanavalin A; Female; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Lymphatic Metastasis; Lymphocytes; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Phytohemagglutinins; Stomach Neoplasms; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory; Uterine Neoplasms

Tissue distributions of Leu-2+ cells in the spleen and draining lymph-nodes in cases of clinical gastric cancer were investigated, with special reference to suppressor cell function. Significantly higher Concanavalin-A (Con-A) induced suppressor cell activities were evident in spleen cells (SCs), as compared with peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). As for the tissue distribution, the proportion of Leu-2+ (cytotoxic/suppressor) cells within Leu-1+ cells was higher in the spleen than in the lymph-nodes without metastasis. On the other hand, in lymph-nodes with metastasis, the enhanced spontaneous suppressor cell activity was noted. In addition, the proportion of Leu-2+ cells within Leu-1+ cells was the greatest in the lymph-nodes with metastasis, among the lymphoid organs tested. In lymph-nodes without metastasis, lower suppressor cell activities were noted, and numerous Leu-3+ (helper/inducer) cells were present, while Leu-2+ cells were less frequent. NK cell activity against K-562 cells was enhanced by elimination of Leu-2+/OKT-8+ cells with complement-mediated lysis. These results suggest that Leu-2+ cells located in the spleen and lymph-nodes with metastasis may predominantly act as suppressor cells and interact with effector cells.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens, Surface; Concanavalin A; Humans; Killer Cells, Natural; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Metastasis; Middle Aged; Spleen; Stomach Neoplasms; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory

In 9 patients with recurrent gastric carcinoma treated with intracutaneous injections of a hemolytic streptococcal preparation of OK-432 (PIC), the T/B cell ratio, the number of IgG-Fc receptor positive (T gamma) cells, the degree of blastoid transformation of lymphocytes in response to concanavalin-A (Con-A) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and the activity of natural killer cells (NK) in the thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were measured. In thoracic duct lymph, the T cell to B cell ratio was higher than that found in peripheral blood. The proportion of T gamma cells and the natural killer cell activity was found to be considerably lower in TDL than PBL, though there was a higher degree of blastoid transformation of lymphocytes in response to Con-A and PHA in TDL. After the administration of PIC, there was no significant difference in T/B cell ratios and T gamma cell proportion between TDL and PBL, though the lymphocytic blastoid transformation in response to Con-A and PHA decreased in TDL but not in PBL. PIC administration appeared to augument natural killer cell activity in both TDL and PBL.

Topics: Aged; B-Lymphocytes; Biological Products; Concanavalin A; Humans; Immunotherapy; Killer Cells, Natural; Lymphocytes; Middle Aged; Phytohemagglutinins; Picibanil; Stomach Neoplasms; T-Lymphocytes; Thoracic Duct

Using a modified method of concanavalin A (Con A), lentil lectin (LCH) or phytohemagglutinin-E (PHA-E) affinity crossed-line immunoelectrophoresis (ACIE), we studied alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) subfractions in 69 sera, including 58 from patients with primary liver cancer and 11 from patients with hepatic metastasis of gastric cancer. We found that Con A non-reactive subfraction (type b) or LCH weakly-reactive subfraction (type B) was more frequently detected in metastatic liver cancer, as compared with liver cancer hepatoma. The amount of Con A non-reactive subfraction (type b) or of PHA-E reactive subfraction (type X) was significantly higher in case of metastatic liver cancer than in primary liver cancer. Since different affinities between AFP and lectins are due to the microheterogeneity in AFP sugar chain, our findings suggest that AFP in primary liver cancer and metastatic liver cancer is glycosylated in a different manner. It is also indicated that different patterns of AFP subfractions identified by the combination of Con A, LCH or PHA-E ACIE facilitate a differential diagnosis of these hepatic malignancies.

Topics: alpha-Fetoproteins; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Concanavalin A; Humans; Immunoelectrophoresis, Two-Dimensional; Lectins; Liver Neoplasms; Phytohemagglutinins; Plant Lectins; Stomach Neoplasms

To elucidate the role of the spleen on immunosuppression of gastric and esophageal cancer, suppressor cell activities of spleen cells (SCs), splenic vein lymphocytes (SVLs) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) were investigated. Concanavalin-A induced suppressor cell (Con-AS) activity of SCs was significantly higher in patients with gastric cancer than in those with benign diseases. Higher Con-AS activity of SCs was observed in esophageal cancer patients with tumors located in the lower portion of the esophagus. In comparison with suppressor activities of SCs and SVLs, the decrease of the predominance of suppressor precursors in SCs and the increase of the spontaneously activated suppressor cells in SVLs were noted with the advance of the tumors. Culture supernatants from splenic adherent cells significantly induced suppressor cell activities as well as did sera from splenic venous blood. From these results, it is concluded that the generation of suppressor precursors in the spleen is dependent on the location of tumors and that the maturation of suppressor cells occurs in the spleen by factors released from splenic adherent cells, then migrates into the peripheral blood.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Concanavalin A; Esophageal Neoplasms; Humans; Lymphocyte Activation; Middle Aged; Spleen; Stomach Neoplasms; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory

A patient with primary gastric adenocarcinoma with extremely high serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels (12,000 ng/ml) is described. Histologically, foci strongly resembling hepatocellular carcinoma with hyaline globules were noted. Within tumor cells, AFP was identified with both light and electron microscopy, showing the production of AFP by tumor cells themselves. Furthermore, 88% of serum AFP combined with Concanavalin A (ConA), revealing that it was hepatic-type AFP and not germ-cell-type. Localization of alpha-1-antitrypsin within tumor cells was also noted. Ultrastructural study showed that there were two types of structures corresponding to periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive globules, one of which, the proteinaceous material in intracytoplasmic lumina, was found to contain AFP. Among gastric adenocarcinomas with a high serum AFP level (several thousand or more ng/ml of AFP), foci resembling hepatocellular carcinomas have been reported by several investigators. Those gastric carcinomas, together with the current case, may constitute a clinicopathologic entity, hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; alpha-Fetoproteins; Cell Differentiation; Concanavalin A; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Stomach Neoplasms

Major molecular species of human alpha-fetoprotein(AFP), which were separated as single components by serial affinity chromatography with concanavalin A(Con-A) and Lens culinaris agglutinin, were further resolved into several bands by affinity electrophoresis with erythroagglutinating phytohemagglutinin of Phaseolus vulgaris lectin(E-PHA). Among the newly separated main molecular species, both Con-A- and E-PHA-reactive AFP(AFP-1X1) was demonstrated, contrary to the known sugar specificity of Con-A and E-PHA, in addition to molecular species of AFP reacting with Con-A but not with E-PHA(AFP-1X0) and of AFP reacting with E-PHA but not with Con-A(AFP-0X1). AFP-0X1 was formed from AFP-0X0, and AFP-1X1 from AFP-1X0 by neuraminidase treatment; thus, AFP-0X1 and AFP-1X1 represent asialylated and AFP-0X0 and AFP-1X0 sialylated molecular species. AFP-1X1' and AFP-0X0' were present as minor components. AFP-0X0' had no affinity for E-PHA, and the affinity increased in the order of AFP's-0X0(or 0X1), -1X1', -1X1 and -0X1. Proportions of those components varied depending on the pathophysiological conditions of AFP production.

Topics: alpha-Fetoproteins; Asialoglycoproteins; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Chromatography, Affinity; Concanavalin A; Electrophoresis; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Fetuins; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Mesonephroma; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Phytohemagglutinins; Stomach Neoplasms; Substrate Specificity

The binding of lectins to paraffin sections of nine gastric carcinomas and adjacent mucosa was examined by fluorescence microscopy. A battery of nine lectins was employed, and both intestinal and diffusely infiltrating tumors were tested. Wheat germ agglutinin and Ricinus communis agglutinin I appeared to bind to both mucus and nonmucus glycoproteins; these lectins labeled tumor cells, benign epithelial cells, and nonepithelial tissues strongly and consistently. Peanut agglutin, soybean agglutinin, Dolichos biflorus agglutinin, Bandeiraea simpifolica agglutinin, and Ulex europaeus agglutinin I bound extensively to mucosubstances in vacuoles and apices of benign epithelial cells but often bound to tumor cells focally and in some cases not at all. Neuraminidase digestion enhanced lectin staining in some tumors; but in others, especially those of the diffusely infiltrating type, neuraminidase digestion did not enhance the staining of tumor cells. The results suggest that the decrease in the proportion of tumor cells labeling with lectin relative to superficial epithelial cells can be due either to the oversialylation of mucoproteins or to the loss of glycosylating enzyme activity. Concanavalin A did not bind to mucosubstances in the vacuoles or apices of benign epithelium, but bound to mucus vacuoles of metaplastic epithelium and to coarse cytoplasmic granules in two of the tumors examined. This suggests either the abnormal addition of mannose to mucus glycoprotein or the production of a distinct glycoprotein by some gastric tumors.

Topics: Concanavalin A; Gastric Mucosa; Humans; Intestinal Neoplasms; Lectins; Ricin; Stomach Neoplasms; Wheat Germ Agglutinins

The present study was undertaken to determine the adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity of peripheral lymphocytes in patients with gastric cancer, with respect to the cancer progression, the effect of surgery and/or immunotherapy. The gastric cancer patients showed lower lymphocyte ADA activity than did the normal control. The lymphocyte ADA activity did not decrease with the cancer progression. There was a significant correlation between lymphocyte ADA activity and blastogenesis of lymphocyte by phytohemaglutinin or concanavalin A. Six months following gastrectomy, the lymphocyte ADA activity was increased, as compared with the preoperative value. The ADA activity of patients on post-operative OK-432 showed a greater increase, as compared to that of patients not given this treatment. In conclusion, decreased lymphocyte ADA activity in gastric cancer patients might be due to either the cancer bearing status or to the immunological suppression.

Topics: Adenosine Deaminase; Adult; Aged; Concanavalin A; Humans; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Middle Aged; Nucleoside Deaminases; Phytohemagglutinins; Picibanil; Stomach Neoplasms

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from gastric cancer patients and normal donors were divided into T, non T, Tr, and T non-r cell fractions. Suppressor cell activity of each fraction and surface antigen of T cell subsets were investigated. T and Tr cell fractions activated by concanavalin A (Con A) significantly depressed the lymphocyte proliferative responsiveness (LP) to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) of responder autologous lymphocytes, but non T and T non-r cell fractions didn't. LP response to PHA of responder autologous cells were depressed by Tr cell fraction from gastric cancer patients without Con A activation, but not from normal donors. The percentage of Tr cells in T cells increased from 8.9% to 18.2% in gastric cancer patients, and from 4.7% to 9.5% in normal donors when lymphocytes were activated by Con A for 24 hours. The percentages of Tr cells reacting with OKT3, 4, and 8 monoclonal antibodies were 72.5%, 29.0% and 43.4%, respectively. Therefore, Tr cell was relatively enriched by OKT8 cell. The percentage of Tr cells and suppressor cell activity increased when normal lymphocytes were incubated with sera from gastric cancer patients for 24 hours and suppression by T, Tr and T non-r cell fractions 23%, 8% and 5%, respectively. From these results it is suggested that Tr cells contain suppressor precursors which can be activated by Con A in vitro and matured suppressor cells which have been already activated in vivo, and that higher proportion of suppressor precursors is found in gastric cancer patients as compared with normal donors. Furthermore, it is indicated that cancer sera may contain factors which induce suppressor cell and induction of suppressor cell activity requires the interaction between Tr cell and T non-r cell.

Topics: Antigens, Surface; Concanavalin A; Humans; Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments; Lymphocyte Activation; Phytohemagglutinins; Receptors, IgG; Receptors, Immunologic; Stomach Neoplasms; Subcellular Fractions; T-Lymphocytes; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory

Lymphocyte-rich mononuclear cells (MC) were prepared from spleens removed at the time of surgery for gastric cancer and the suppressor cell activity on autochthonous peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) responses to PHA-P and Con A was assessed. Suppressor cell activity of MC on PBL responses to at least one mitogen, either PHA-P or Con A, was observed in 52 percent (11/21) of the gastric tissues studied. MC of patients with stage IV disease appeared to exhibit the highest frequency of the presence of the activity. MC of patients with cancer with microscopically proven metastasis to group 2 lymph nodes or to more distant lymph nodes were preponderant in showing the activity. MC of patients with cancer occupying the greater curvature or the entire circumference of the stomach were also preponderant in the activity. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Topics: Concanavalin A; Humans; Lymphocytes; Phytohemagglutinins; Spleen; Stomach Neoplasms; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory

In 173 gastric cancer patients, activities of Concanavalin-A-induced suppressor cells (Con-AS) and spontaneous suppressor cells (SpS) in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), splenic vein lymphocytes (SVL), and spleen cells (SCs) were investigated. Suppressions by Con-AS in PBL were significantly effective in patients of Stages III and IV, while suppressions by SpS were effective in patients with recurrent tumors. Thus, in PBLs of cancer patients, suppressor precursors, which are considered to be activated in vitro by Concanavalin-A, seemed to appear with the advances of the disease, and SpS activities, which could be already activated in vivo, seemed to increase in the terminal stage. In SCs, increased activities of Con-AS, but normal activities of SpS, were observed, and these suppressor-cell populations consisted of glass nonadherent cells. Suppressor activities of SCs would be due to suppressor T-cells, not to other types of cells. Furthermore, Con-AS existed in the medium-sized lymphocytes, which were fractionated on the basis of cell size, while SpS in the large-sized lymphocytes. A higher proportion of T-cells, bearing Fc receptors for IgG, was observed in the larger-sized lymphocyte fractions. Cell numbers in the large-sized lymphocyte fraction tended to increase with the advances of tumors. From these results, it is suggested that higher presence of suppressor precursors and the increase of SpS activities may occur in cancer patients, depending on the tumor advancing.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Cell Adhesion; Cell Separation; Concanavalin A; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Spleen; Splenic Vein; Stomach Neoplasms; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory

Inductions of suppressor cell activities in normal lymphocytes by sera from 154 patients with primary gastric cancer were investigated. Sera from patients with advanced cancer induced suppressor cells which significantly depressed the proliferative responses of autologous responder lymphocytes, while those from early cancer did not. An increase in OKT8 reactive T cell populations in normal lymphocytes occurred rather than a decrease in OKT4 reactive T cells after stimulation with sera as well as concanavalin A in relation to the increase of suppressor cell activities. Furthermore, sera-induced suppressor cell activities apparently correlated with spontaneous suppressor cell activities in cancer donors and both of these activities declined after plasma exchange. These results suggest that sera from gastric cancer patients may contain factors which can induce such suppressor cell activities and that serum factors may activate the suppressor precursors to be spontaneous suppressor cells in vivo in a manner similar to that seen in vitro.

Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Concanavalin A; Humans; Lymphocyte Activation; Plasma Exchange; Stomach Neoplasms; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory

Mononuclear cells and their fractions which were prepared from spleens removed at the time of surgery for gastric cancer were treated with mitomycin C and their effect on autochthonous peripheral blood lymphocyte responses to PHA-P and Con A was assessed in coculture experiments. Splenic mitomycin C treated mononuclear cells from certain gastric cancer patients were found to have suppressor activity on peripheral blood lymphocyte responses to PHA-P and Con A and the cells with the activity were either plastic dish adherent cells or T-enriched cells alone or both of them. The suppressor activity were more frequently detected in patients with stage IV disease and the patients with the activity tended to exhibit more decreased cell mediated immunocompetence than those without it. Splenic mitomycin C treated mononuclear cells from certain gastric cancer patients were also found to have augmenting activity on peripheral blood lymphocyte responses to PHA-P and the cells with the activity were either plastic dish adherent cells or T-enriched cells or all of plastic dish adherent cells and T- and B-enriched cells.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Concanavalin A; Female; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Lymphocyte Activation; Male; Middle Aged; Phytohemagglutinins; Spleen; Stomach Neoplasms

IAP (immunosuppressive acidic protein), one of the serum immunosuppressive factors, was investigated in the preoperative patients with gastric cancer. IAP values in sera from patients increased in accordance with advances of the disease. In the study of quantitative correlation of IAP with immunological parameters, IAP values correlated slightly with lymphocyte proliferative response to PHA, while a significant correlation between IAP values and spontaneous suppressor T cell activities was noted (p less than 0.01). These results suggested that IAP as well as immune complex might serve as a signal for the activation of suppressor T cells in vivo.

Topics: Concanavalin A; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Lymphocyte Activation; Neoplasm Proteins; Phytohemagglutinins; Stomach Neoplasms; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory

Lymphocyte-rich mononuclear cells and their fractions which were prepared from spleens removed at the time of total or proximal gastrectomy for gastric cancer were treated with mitomycin C, and their effect on autochthonous peripheral blood lymphocyte responses to phytohemagglutinin P and concanavalin A was assessed in coculture experiments. It was found that splenic mitomycin C-treated lymphocyte-rich mononuclear cells from certain gastric cancer patients had suppressor cell activity on peripheral blood lymphocyte responses to phytohemagglutinin P and concanavalin A and that the cells with the activity were either plastic dish-adherent cells or T-enriched cells alone or both of them. It was also found that splenic lymphocyte-rich mononuclear cells from certain gastric cancer patients had augmenting activity on peripheral blood lymphocyte responses to phytohemagglutinin P and that the cells which exerted the activity were either plastic dish-adherent cells or T-enriched cells or all of plastic dish-adherent cells and T- and B-enriched cells.

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Cells, Cultured; Concanavalin A; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Mitomycin; Mitomycins; Phytohemagglutinins; Spleen; Stomach Neoplasms

The response to mitogen (Con A) of the normal and cancer patient non-adherent cells (NAC) was studied. These cells were added to adherent cells (AC) monolayer in an autologous and a homologous combination and cultured with absence or presence of indomethacin. The mitogen response of patient autologous cells (NAC + AC) was poor and indomethacin did not cause any changes. The mitogen response of normal autologous cells (NAC + AC) was increased by indomethacin, and was dependent on the number of AC in the culture. NAC from patient and from control blood cultured alone did not show an increase of response to mitogen when indomethacin was in the culture. The patient NAC cultured with normal AC showed a low response and a slight increase of response in the presence of indomethacin. The suggestion that prostaglandins are not involved in the suppression of mitogen response of patient lymphocyte and that the patient lymphocytes are hyporesponsive to PGs is discussed.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Adhesion; Colonic Neoplasms; Concanavalin A; Humans; Indomethacin; Lymphocyte Activation; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Stomach Neoplasms

Topics: 4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide; Adenocarcinoma; Animals; Concanavalin A; Gastric Mucosa; Intestinal Mucosa; Male; Methylnitronitrosoguanidine; Mucins; Rats; Staining and Labeling; Stomach Neoplasms

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from both normal donors and gastric cancer patients contained suppressor cells which could be activated by concanavalin A (Con A) to suppress the proliferative response of lymphocytes from a normal donor. Con A-activated suppressor cells resided in the E rosette-forming cell fraction. An apparent inverse relationship was found between Con A-activated suppressor cell activity and lymphocyte proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin. Significant increases of suppressor cell activities were found in advanced gastric cancer patients. These activities decreased remarkably after surgical resection of the primary tumors. It is likely that nonspecific suppressor cells represent one of the major factors inducing immunosuppression in gastric cancer patients.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Concanavalin A; Humans; Lymphocyte Activation; Middle Aged; Stomach Neoplasms; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory

Topics: Acetylcholine; Adult; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Breast Neoplasms; Bronchial Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Cell Migration Inhibition; Concanavalin A; Epinephrine; Epitopes; Female; Histamine; Humans; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Lymphocytes; Macrophages; Male; Middle Aged; Myasthenia Gravis; Neoplasm Proteins; Neoplasms; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Norepinephrine; Sarcoidosis; Serotonin; Stomach Neoplasms; Succinylcholine; Tryptamines