concanavalin-a and Skin-Neoplasms

The aim of present study was to develop the efficient targeting of Concanavalin-A conjugated nanotransfersomal gel to bind directly to melanocytes gel layer against UVB induced skin carcinoma. Carbopol loaded nanotransfersomal gel have prepared by modified rotary evaporation sonication technique & conjugated synthesized by carbodiimide method and they were characterized the morphology, zeta potential, penetration and cell viability. In vitro release studies & skin permeation have determined using Franz diffusion cell and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). The conjugated formulation showed vesicles size, polydispersity index, zeta potential and % conjugation efficiency of 179.0 ± 0.32 nm, 0.197 ± 0.07, 35.1 ± 0.21 mV and 89.73 ± 1.29% respectively. The surface morphology was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and FTIR to make sure the compatibility among its ingredients. Con-A conjugated nanotransfersomal gel showed toxicity on melanoma (A375) in a concentration range of 0.4-2.0 mg/mL, but less toxicity toward HaCaT cells. The MTT assay has analyzed against two different cell lines, to determine their anti-cancer potentials and their targeting ability. Conjugated formulation were found to decrease the cell viability, higher skin targeting efficacy in in-vitro & in-vivo. Concanavalin conjugated nanotransfersomal gel of apigenin promise an efficient and economic approach for the skin cancer.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Apigenin; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Concanavalin A; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Liberation; Drug Stability; Goats; Humans; Melanoma, Experimental; Mice; Particle Size; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Skin Absorption; Skin Neoplasms; Surface Properties; Ultraviolet Rays

The leukaemic form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, as represented by Sézary syndrome, exhibits erythroderma. We describe here an indolent leukaemic patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, who initially had a nodulo-tumourous eruption with a crop of solid papules, but finally presented with papuloerythroderma. Histologically, the skin lesions showed non-epidermotropic dermal infiltration of atypical lymphocytes with lymphoid follicles and a granulomatous change. The circulating malignant CD4(+) CCR4(+) T cells lacked the expression of T-cell receptor and did not respond to concanavalin A. The unresponsiveness of T cells to the T-cell mitogen may be associated with the non-epidermotropic behaviour of the tumour cells and the initially non-erythrodermic eruption.

Topics: Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Biopsy; CD3 Complex; CD4 Antigens; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cells, Cultured; Concanavalin A; Dermatitis, Exfoliative; Flow Cytometry; Humans; Immunophenotyping; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous; Male; Mitogens; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; Phenotype; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; Receptors, CCR4; Skin Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome

The immune competence of green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) with fibropapillomatosis was assessed using in vitro techniques to measure lymphocyte proliferation in response to mitogens. In comparison with captive, healthy green sea turtles, those afflicted with fibropapillomas demonstrated diminished proliferation with Concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin (T-cell mitogens), and lipopolysaccharide (B-cell mitogen). Also, markedly decreased proliferative responses to the lymphocyte polyclonal stimulator combination of ionomycin and phorbol myristate acetate were observed. Total circulating white blood cell counts were not statistically different between the two groups, although an overall decrease in lymphocyte number was observed in the papilloma group. The albumin/globulin ratio was decreased in the papilloma group because of decreased albumin and increased gamma globulins.

Topics: Animals; Concanavalin A; Immunity, Cellular; Leukocyte Count; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Mitogens; Papilloma; Phytohemagglutinins; Skin Neoplasms; Turtles

The skin pigment melanin is produced in melanocytes in highly specialized organelles known as melanosomes. Melanosomes are related to the organelles of the endosomal/lysosomal pathway and can have a low internal pH. In the present study we have shown that melanin synthesis in human pigment cell lysates is maximal at pH 6.8. We therefore investigated the role of intramelanosomal pH as a possible control mechanism for melanogenesis. To do this we examined the effect of neutralizing melanosomal pH on tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis in 11 human melanocyte cultures and in 3 melanoma lines. All melanocyte cultures (9 of 9) from Caucasian skin as well as two melanoma cell lines with comparable melanogenic activity showed rapid (within 24 h) increases in melanogenesis in response to neutralization of melanosomal pH. Chemical analysis of total melanin indicated a preferential increase in eumelanin production. Electron microscopy revealed an accumulation of melanin and increased maturation of melanosomes in response to pH neutralization. In summary, our findings show that: (i) near neutral melanosomal pH is optimal for human tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis; (ii) melanin production in Caucasian melanocytes is suppressed by low melanosomal pH; (iii) the ratio of eumelanin/phaeomelanin production and maturation rate of melanosomes can be regulated by melanosomal pH. We conclude that melanosomal pH is an essential factor which regulates multiple stages of melanin production. Furthermore, since we have recently identified that pink locus product (P protein) mediates neutralization of melanosomal pH, we propose that P protein is a key control point for skin pigmentation. We would further propose that the wide variations in both constitutive and facultative skin pigmentation seen in the human population could be associated with the high degree of P-locus polymorphism.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Black People; Cell Line; Concanavalin A; Enzyme Inhibitors; Fluorescent Dyes; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Macrolides; Melanins; Melanocytes; Melanoma, Experimental; Melanosomes; Monophenol Monooxygenase; Skin Neoplasms; Skin Pigmentation; Tumor Cells, Cultured; White People

Lectin-binding sites in clear cell acanthoma (CCA) were studied using an avidin-biotin complex (ABC) with 9 lectins. Formaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of 7 CCA lesions were employed. Positive stainings, similar to those seen in normal epidermis, were observed on the cell surface in CCA with Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA-I), Ricinus communis agglutinin II (RCA-II), and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). Reduced reactivities were observed with Concanavalin A (ConA) and peanut agglutinin (PNA) in CCA. In some areas of CCA lesions, faint stainings were seen with Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA-I). Capability of staining with soybean agglutinin (SBA) was completely lost in the lesions. With Bandeiraea simplicifolia agglutinin II (BSA-II), cytoplasmic stain was seen in a part of upper and spinous layers in CCA lesions. Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) did not bind to either CCA or normal epidermis. These results indicate that the lectin-binding sites of proliferating cells of CCA resemble those of epidermal keratinocytes and suggest that CCA is a tumor of epidermal origin.

Topics: Aged; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Concanavalin A; Female; Glycoconjugates; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lectins; Male; Middle Aged; Peanut Agglutinin; Plant Lectins; Receptors, Mitogen; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Skin Neoplasms; Soybean Proteins; Wheat Germ Agglutinins

Con A acceptor glycoproteins were analyzed by 2D-PAGE and 125I-Con A overlay in three squamous carcinoma cell lines and compared with those in the simian virus (SV40)-transformed keratinocyte cell line SVK-14 and in normal keratinocytes. The majority of the glycoproteins identified by this technique were expressed at similar levels in all of the cells examined, independent of the culture conditions used. A cell surface glycoprotein gp34 (MW 34 kDa, pI 5.1) was increased in the tumor cells compared with normal keratinocytes and expression varied with the culture density. Another glycoprotein, gp21 (MW 21 kDa, pI 6.3), was found to be increased in expression in normal keratinocytes and stratified hyperconfluent cultures of squamous carcinoma cell lines. This paper describes the potential of this technique to identify membrane glycoproteins which may be expressed as a function of proliferation or differentiation.

Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Line; Concanavalin A; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; Humans; Keratins; Membrane Glycoproteins; Molecular Weight; Reference Values; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Tumor Cells, Cultured

A group of spontaneously occurring animal papillomas which were negative or positive for papillomavirus group-specific antigen were examined with a battery of biotinylated lectins including Con A, WGA, succinylated-WGA, PNA and UEA-I. Canine papillomas, equine papillomas, white-tailed deer fibromas, mule deer fibromas, and bovine fibropapillomas were examined. Each lectin had a specific staining pattern. No obvious differences in staining patterns between normal skin, viral antigen-positive and -negative neoplasms were identified. This may be due to the well-differentiated and organized nature of these tumours.

Topics: Animals; Antigens, Viral; Cattle; Concanavalin A; Deer; Dogs; Horse Diseases; Horses; Lectins; Oligosaccharides; Papilloma; Papillomaviridae; Peanut Agglutinin; Plant Lectins; Skin Neoplasms; Wheat Germ Agglutinins

Topics: Adult; Breast Neoplasms; Concanavalin A; Female; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Male; Melanoma; Middle Aged; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Skin Window Technique

Seventy-six skin biopsies of proliferative lesions were studied by using 4 different lectins and an avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex. In solar keratosis, Bowen's disease and squamous cell carcinoma, malignant-appearing keratinocytes exhibited loss of membrane staining with Concanavalia ensiformis agglutinin (Con A), but revealed cytoplasmic staining. When incubated with peanut agglutinin (PNA), the malignant keratinocytes did not stain. However, the PNA binding sites were not absent, but masked by sialic acid. Following cleavage of the sialic acid with neuraminidase, free PNA binding sites could be demonstrated in the plasma membranes. In contrast, the keratinocytes in keratoacanthomas showed membrane staining with Con A and also contained free PNA binding sites. These histochemical findings confirm and extend our earlier observations regarding cell surface carbohydrates in premalignant and malignant epidermal lesions.

Topics: ABO Blood-Group System; Binding Sites; Bowen's Disease; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Membrane; Concanavalin A; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Keratins; Keratosis; Lectins; Neuraminic Acids; Peanut Agglutinin; Plant Lectins; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Sunlight; Wheat Germ Agglutinins

Continuously growing T- and B-cell lines were derived from peripheral blood, affected skin, and lymph nodes of patients with mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS). Two lymphoblastoid cell lines (MF-13 and SS-2) were Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B cells evaluated by surface immunoglobulin, lack of E-rosette formation, positive EBV nuclear antibody test, and secretion of IgM antibody in a plaque-forming cell assay. Analysis of the natural-killer-cell activity using peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with MF and healthy control persons towards MF-13 and SS-2 target cells suggested resistance to lysis even in tests supplemented with 1,000 IU/ml human gamma-interferon. However, the cell lines were not per se completely resistant to lysis because lymphocytes from control persons showed significant cytotoxicity in an 18-h assay supplemented with 2 micrograms/ml concanavalin A.

Topics: Adult; Aged; B-Lymphocytes; Cell Line; Concanavalin A; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Female; Humans; Interferon-gamma; Killer Cells, Natural; Male; Middle Aged; Mycosis Fungoides; Sezary Syndrome; Skin Neoplasms; T-Lymphocytes

Quantitative studies on the binding of concanavalin A (Con A) and wheat-germ agglutinin (WGA) to a series of rat hepatocarcinoma metastatic variants revealed a positive correlation between the amount of cell-surface-bound lectin and lung colonization potential. Scatchard analysis of Con A and WGA binding to 10 individual clones isolated from a subcutaneous (s.c.) tumor transplant and to tumor-cell isolates from 10 individual spontaneous lung metastases from the same animal showed diverse binding characteristics for these cell populations. Nevertheless, the expression of Con A receptor sites accurately predicted the lung colonization potential of 3 isolates from the lung metastases. Higher lectin binding curves were observed for the clones from the subcutaneous tumor than for the isolates from lung metastases. These data suggest that a high Con-A binding potential is indicative of a high lung colonization potential for these hepatocarcinoma cells, but that this phenotype may be rapidly lost during tumor outgrowth in the lungs. The binding of tumor cells to vascular endothelial cell monolayers was inhibited in the presence of Con A; however, no inhibition was observed with 2 other lectins. Attachment of tumor cells to endothelial cell monolayers was also inhibited by the monosaccharides methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine. Other monosaccharides tested did not alter the attachment of tumor cells to endothelial cell monolayers.

Topics: Animals; Blood Vessels; Carbohydrates; Cell Adhesion; Cell Line; Concanavalin A; Endothelium; Glycopeptides; Iodine Radioisotopes; Lectins; Lung Neoplasms; Mannose; Monosaccharides; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms, Experimental; Rats; Skin Neoplasms; Wheat Germ Agglutinins

The glycoprotein composition of a transplantable subcutaneous lymphosarcoma (1 degree) and its liver metastases (2 degrees) have been examined in Triton X-100 extracts obtained from tissue, single cells and membrane preparations by using electrophoresis and treatment with radio-labelled lectins. No consistent differences could be detected in the electrophoretic patterns of 1 degree and 2 degrees tumour using RCA-60 or gorse. Small differences were detected using Concanavalin A; all but one of these were eliminated as being due to differential host contamination. A minor band of 178,000 daltons molecular weight was found in 1 degree tissue, cells and membranes that was absent in extracts from 2 degrees tumour. Percoll density gradient separations suggested that this glycoprotein belonged to a small subpopulation of cells; their identity remains uncertain. The band was still detected when tumour was grown from direct liver implants, but it disappeared when this growth metastasized to another lobe. The results provide evidence that metastasis can be accompanied by a very subtle change in the tumour glycoprotein profile. Such a change may have important consequences for host/tumour interactions and subsequent metastatic spread.

Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Cell Membrane; Cell Separation; Concanavalin A; Cricetinae; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Glycoproteins; Lectins; Liver Neoplasms; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Membrane Proteins; Mesocricetus; Plant Lectins; Skin Neoplasms

Concanavalin A (con A) is a plant-derived lectin that has the capability of agglutinating malignant cells in vitro. We studied the binding of fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated con A to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded malignant melanomas and nevocellular nevi. Both malignant melanoma cells and nevus cells emitted partial or circumferential, cytoplasmic rim, apple green fluorescence. There was no demonstrable difference between fluorescence distribution or intensity between the two groups. Control, unstained tissue specimens yielded a brilliant nuclear and nucleolar yellow-green autofluorescence, which is peculiar to melanoma cells and rare to absent in nevus cells. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated con A provided no clear differentiation between malignant melanomas and nevocellular nevi in fixed tissue. However, characteristic melanoma cell autofluorescence may prove to be of benefit for differentiating malignant melanocytic from benign nevocytic lesions.

Topics: Binding Sites; Concanavalin A; Diagnosis, Differential; Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; Fluoresceins; Fluorescent Dyes; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Melanoma; Nevus, Pigmented; Skin Neoplasms

Two epidermal cell lines of common origin, one tumorigenic and the other not, have been grown in media of different Ca2+ concentrations (low: 0.07 mM; normal: 1.4 mM; high: 10 mM). At normal Ca2+ levels, both cell lines had similar growth rates. The growth rates were reduced at both higher and lower Ca2+ concentrations, with greater inhibition of the tumorigenic than the nontumorigenic cells. At a given level of Ca2+, the 2 cell lines could not be distinguished in their polyacrylamide gel patterns by protein staining, by [125I]concanavalin A reactivity, and by lactoperoxidase iodination. Changes in surface membrane proteins with Ca2+ concentrations were observed by lactoperoxidase iodination, whereas the other techniques, which measure total cell proteins or glycoproteins, showed no substantial variation.

Topics: Animals; Calcium; Cell Line; Concanavalin A; Epidermis; Glycoproteins; Mice; Molecular Weight; Skin Neoplasms

Three cell surface parameters of epidermal cells have been studied by immunofluorescence, pemphigus antigens, concanavalin-A binding sugars, and beta 2 microglobulin. Biopsy specimens were taken from a total of 59 patients with psoriasis, seborrheic and solar keratosis, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell epithelioma. We found a loss of demonstrability of all parameters in dedifferentiated tumors or tumor areas in squamous cell carcinoma, premonitory changes in solar keratosis, and no changes in seborrheic keratosis. In the psoriatic epidermis a granular redistribution of the cell surface parameters was occasionally observed in circumscribed areas of the epidermis. A selective loss of the demonstrability of beta 2 microglobulin was the prominent feature in basal cell epithelioma. Our findings demonstrate that the alterations of the cell surface differ in malignant and premalignant skin tumors, in basal cell epithelioma, and in benign psoriatic hyperplasia.

Topics: Antigens; beta 2-Microglobulin; Beta-Globulins; Binding Sites; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Concanavalin A; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Keratosis; Pemphigus; Precancerous Conditions; Psoriasis; Skin Neoplasms

The relative proportions of T, B and T gamma suppressor cells were determined sequentially in peripheral blood of melanoma patients before and after surgery. Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced suppression against lymphocyte mitogenesis of melanoma patients and age matched controls was measured concurrently. The mean percentage of T gamma cells was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in melanoma patients before surgery (21.8 +/- 5.4) compared to a group of age-matched controls (14.9 +/- 5.4). There was a tendency for the proportion of T gamma cells in patients to decrease after surgery, although the relative levels of T gamma were still significantly elevated (p less than 0.05) 6-8 weeks after surgery when compared to normal controls. The mean percentage of T and B cells in melanoma patients before and after surgery was comparable to that observed in normal controls. The degree of Con-A-induced suppression in patients increased significantly after surgery particularly at 6-8 weeks (p less than 0.02). No difference in con-A-induced suppressor cell activity was observed between melanoma patients and controls before or after surgery. An inverse relationship was found between the amount of Con-A-induced suppression and percentage of T gamma cells in melanoma patients before surgery. Similar associations were not apparent in patients after surgery or in normal control populations. The inverse correlation of Con-A-induced suppression with T gamma cell numbers suggests that the former may measure potential suppressor cell activity whereas the T gamma cells may indicate active suppressor cells. The significance of these findings for the monitoring of suppressor cell activity in vivo and their role in suppression of immune responses in melanoma patients is discussed.

Topics: B-Lymphocytes; Concanavalin A; Female; Humans; Lymphocyte Activation; Male; Melanoma; Skin Neoplasms; T-Lymphocytes; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory

A method is described for using a fluorescein isothiocyanate concanavalin A conjugate to stain human cell membranes in formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue. 57 neoplastic and normal tissue sites were examined. In 54 malignant tumours, bright green fluorescence was confined to the cell membranes while in 23 benign tumours and normal tissue sites, the membranes were unstained or showed a diminished level of fluorescence. The distinction between malignant and hyperplastic or normal cells was clear cut and definite.

Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Concanavalin A; Female; Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; Fluoresceins; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Neoplasms; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Thiocyanates

Topics: Adult; Aged; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Concanavalin A; Humans; Lymphocyte Activation; Middle Aged; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary; Skin Neoplasms

The agglutination of cells isolated from solid melanotic and amelanotic malanomas in hamsters by Concanavalin A was studied. It has been found that the agglutination intensity of the two kinds of melanoma cells was different and depended on the concentration of the lectin. It has been suggested that the different susceptibility of the cells to Concanavalin A is related to changes of surface glycoproteins, resulting from a spontaneous alteration of the melanotic melanoma into amelanotic one.

Topics: Agglutination; Animals; Cell Membrane; Cells, Cultured; Concanavalin A; Cricetinae; Glycoproteins; Melanoma; Membrane Proteins; Neoplasms, Experimental; Receptors, Concanavalin A; Skin Neoplasms; Time Factors

Lymphocyte blast transformation of 23 melanoma patients was compared to that of 22 healthy persons after stimulation with the mitogens PHA, ConA, and PWM. Transformation rate of lymphocytes in microcultures was measured following 3H-Thymidin uptake in a Liquid-Scintillation-Counter. Calculations were based on analyses of variance. There was no significant difference in blastogenetic response between the 2 groups (patients and controls), but there were differences between the used mitogens.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Concanavalin A; Female; Humans; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Male; Melanoma; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Phytohemagglutinins; Pokeweed Mitogens; Skin Neoplasms

Differences in the cell surface of malignant cells, as compared with normal cells, are believed to be characteristic of many features of tumor cell behaviour. We have obtained evidence suggesting that solid and superficial basal cell carcinomas lack immuno-reactive beta-2-microglobulin (beta-2-m) on the cell surface, in contrast to normal epidermis and that of various non-malignant dermatoses, including basal cell papillomas.

Topics: Antibodies, Neoplasm; beta 2-Microglobulin; Beta-Globulins; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Cell Membrane; Concanavalin A; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Pemphigus; Skin Neoplasms

Topics: Complement System Proteins; Concanavalin A; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Immune Sera; Immunity, Cellular; Lectins; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; Lymphocytes; Skin Neoplasms; Thymidine; Tritium; Xeroderma Pigmentosum

Maintenance of remission solely by repeated BCG vaccinations in seven patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who had achieved a complete clinical remission with initial standard therapy has provided sufficient encouragement to begin a randomized clinical trial. In vitro lymphocyte responses to mitogens and PPD used as parameters of cell-mediated immunity have not proved to be of value in predicting early or late recurrence in six pre-trial and trial patients. Eight out of twenty-one patients with malignant melanoma have shown a satisfactory clinical response (10-34 months) to immunotherapy. Those who respond must show immunological reactivity to the stimulating agent, however the best clinical responses were not associated with the highest degrees of in vivo and in vitro sensitization. The skin reactivity and the in vitro lymphocyte response to PPD as well as a 2-3-fold increase in the appearance of colony-forming units in the peripheral blood following the intratumour injection of BCG or PPD are helpful in prognosis and management of these patients. All patients with malignant melanoma who presented with a PHA response less than 40% of normal made a poor response to immunotherapy. Autopsies performed on seven patients dying with extensive melanocarcinomatous disease failed to show any serious adverse toxic reactions or infections from oral and intratumour injections of BCG.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; BCG Vaccine; Concanavalin A; DNA; Female; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Immunotherapy; Injections, Intradermal; Lectins; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Melanoma; Skin Neoplasms; Tuberculin; Vaccinia virus

Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor; Cell Adhesion; Cell Fusion; Cells, Cultured; Concanavalin A; Humans; Macrophages; Mice; Microscopy, Electron; Phagocytosis; Radiation Effects; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Staining and Labeling; Time Factors

A cell line, derived from a spontaneous equine connective tissue tumor (equine sarcoid), has been established. The morphological and growth characteristics indicative of malignant transformation of the cells include a disoriented, rapid growth and loss of contact inhibition. Further evidence of transformation is the agglutination of these cells by concanavalin A and their ability to divide in semisolid media.

Topics: Agar; Agglutination Tests; Animals; Cell Line; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Concanavalin A; Culture Media; Culture Techniques; Horses; Male; Skin Neoplasms; Trypsin