concanavalin-a and Monkey-Diseases

Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; B-Lymphocytes; Concanavalin A; Female; Killer Cells, Natural; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphoma; Male; Monkey Diseases; Papio; Precancerous Conditions; T-Lymphocytes; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory

The Celebes black macaque (Macaca nigra) colony at the Oregon Regional Primate Research Center has a high incidence of an immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by recurrent diarrhea and the development of retroperitoneal fibromatosis (RF). We have examined the relationship of type D viral infection to the immunodeficiency syndrome by surveying the colony for viral infection and for mitogen reactivity. Type D virus-positive monkeys (28% of the colony) have a higher prevalence of diarrhea, splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy and weight loss than do virus-negative monkeys, and RF has been found to occur only in virus-positive animals. Comparison of the concanavalin A (con-A) and phytohemagglutinin reactivities of the virus-positive and -negative populations has revealed no significant difference. However, within the virus-positive population, those with RF have reduced con-A reactivity and there are both high and low mitogen responders in the groups lacking RF. Thirty-two percent of the virus-positive monkeys are free of clinical symptoms, 40% have clinical symptoms but no RF, and 27% have clinical symptoms and RF. Five of the six monkeys with RF are older than the RF-free monkeys but monkeys are susceptible to type D retrovirus infection regardless of age or sex. The progressive nature of this immunodeficiency syndrome, its broad age range, and the probability that the etiological agent is also a type D retrovirus and the similarity of RF to Kaposi's sarcoma make this a potentially useful model for human AIDS.

Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Age Factors; Animals; Concanavalin A; Macaca; Mitogens; Monkey Diseases; Phytohemagglutinins; Retroviridae Infections

Simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (SAIDS) was transmitted to four of four rhesus macaques with blood from rhesus macaques naturally infected with a type D retrovirus, simian retrovirus-2 (SRV-2). Three of the four blood recipients died with SAIDS at 13, 15, and 26 weeks postinoculation. The fourth animal is alive with SAIDS. All four test monkeys became viremic and produced antiviral antibody. None of the inoculated monkeys produced measureable neutralizing antibody to SRV-2. The survivor produced higher levels of antiviral antibody than the monkeys that died. Phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A reactivity of peripheral blood lymphocytes was depressed from weeks 6 to 12 after inoculation. Clinical findings included development of splenomegaly in all four monkeys, and diarrhea in two monkeys. Blood counts remained within the normal range except for a depression in the number of polymorphonuclear lymphocytes in two monkeys. Hematocrits were decreased in two monkeys just prior to their death. All four test monkeys developed lymph node atrophy and bone marrow hypoplasia. Total proteins and immunoglobulin production were normal. This report provides evidence that SRV-2, as well as other type D retroviruses, causes SAIDS in macaque species.

Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Animals; Antibodies, Viral; Concanavalin A; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Macaca; Macaca mulatta; Monkey Diseases; Phytohemagglutinins; Retroviridae

Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Cell Membrane; Cells, Cultured; Complement System Proteins; Concanavalin A; Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic; Disease Models, Animal; Erythrocytes; Fibroblasts; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Haplorhini; Herpesviridae; Immune Adherence Reaction; In Vitro Techniques; Interferons; Lectins; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma; Lymphotoxin-alpha; Mitogens; Monkey Diseases; Oncogenic Viruses

Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Viral; Concanavalin A; Disease Models, Animal; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Haplorhini; Herpesviridae; Lectins; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma; Mitogens; Monkey Diseases; Oncogenic Viruses