concanavalin-a and Kidney-Diseases

Aging kidneys are characterized by an increased vulnerability to glomerulosclerosis and a measurable decline in renal function. Evidence suggests that renal and systemic klotho and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) deficiencies worsen kidney damage induced by exogenous stresses. The aim of this study was to explore whether resveratrol would attenuate concanavalin A (Con A)-induced renal oxidative stress and advanced glomerulosclerosis in aged mice. Aged male C57BL/6 mice were treated orally with resveratrol (30 mg/kg) seven times (12 h intervals) prior to the administration of a single tail-vein injection of Con A (20 mg/kg). The plasma and urinary levels of kidney damage markers were evaluated. The kidney histopathology, renal parameters, and oxidative stress levels were measured. Furthermore, klotho was downregulated in mouse kidney mesangial cells that were pretreated with 25 µM resveratrol followed by 20 µg/mL Con A. The urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, blood urea nitrogen, kidney mesangial matrix expansion, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and renal levels of α-smooth muscle actin, transforming growth factor beta, fibronectin, procollagen III propeptide, and collagen type I significantly increased in Con A-treated aged mice. Aged mice kidneys also showed markedly increased levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), with reduced superoxide dismutase activity and levels of glutathione, klotho, and SIRT1 after Con A challenge. Furthermore, in kidney mesangial cells, klotho silencing abolished the effects of resveratrol on the Con A-mediated elevation of the indices of oxidative stress and the expression of glomerulosclerosis-related factors. These findings suggest that resveratrol protects against Con A-induced advanced glomerulosclerosis in aged mice, ameliorating renal oxidative stress via the SIRT1-mediated klotho expression.

Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Aging; Animals; Cell Line; Concanavalin A; Fibronectins; Fibrosis; Glucuronidase; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Klotho Proteins; Male; Mesangial Cells; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species; Resveratrol; Signal Transduction; Sirtuin 1; Superoxide Dismutase; Up-Regulation

A cell mediated immune (CMI) response was measured in vitro to heat-killed and to paraformaldehyde fixed Renibacterium salmoninarum (Rs) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) experimentally challenged with live Rs. The mitogenic response to the T lymphocyte mitogen Concanavalin A (Con A) was reduced during samplings 4 to 6 weeks after immersion, but no effect of the response to the B lymphocyte mitogen lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was detected. The subpopulation of lymphocytes, detected by the monoclonal antibody 1C2, was decreased from the 4th week to the 5th week of infection, and remained at the decreased level up to 10 weeks post immersion. The proportion of Immunoglobulin (Ig) bearing lymphocytes was not affected during the Rs infection period. The humoral antibody level to heat-stable Rs-antigens was increased up to 10 weeks after immersion but after 27 weeks was reduced to a level similar to that of the non-challenged fish. An anamnestic response was demonstrated in challenged fish, as intraperitoneal injection of heat-treated Rs bacteria into Rs challenged fish elicited a stronger humoral antibody response compared with injection into non-challenged fish.

Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Blotting, Northern; Concanavalin A; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Fish Diseases; Flow Cytometry; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Kidney Diseases; Lipopolysaccharides; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocyte Subsets; Micrococcaceae; Oncorhynchus mykiss; RNA, Bacterial

The biological functions of alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) are poorly understood but appear to depend on glycan microheterogeneity. Variations of AGP glycan structure (in terms of concanavalin A (ConA) reactivity) have been observed during the inflammatory process. We studied these modifications in AGP from patients with chronic renal impairment and investigated the effects of AGP microheterogeneity on healthy polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) chemotaxis and oxidative metabolism. AGP was extracted by a two-step procedure from sera from ten patients with various degrees of renal impairment, selected according to AGP glycan heterogeneity determined by crossed immunoaffinity electrophoresis with ConA. AGP (0.5 g/l) significantly inhibited the chemotactic response of PMN to formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (10(-7) mol/l) and complement fraction C5a, regardless of ConA reactivity. AGP also inhibited superoxide anion generation in response to phorbol myristate acetate (10(-7) mol/l). After stimulation by opsonized zymosan (1 g/l), the effect of AGP appeared to depend on its glycan structure (r = 0.70, P < 0.05), decreasing with ConA non-reactivity. These data suggest that AGP can down-regulate neutrophil responsiveness, an effect that depends in part on its glycan microheterogeneity. Alterations of AGP microheterogeneity in various pathological states, particularly renal failure, may be related to the inflammatory process.

Topics: Adult; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; Complement C5a; Concanavalin A; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney Diseases; Middle Aged; N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; Neutrophils; Orosomucoid; Oxidation-Reduction; Polysaccharides; Superoxides

We developed an assay for the direct determination of selenium in serum with a Perkin-Elmer Model 4100ZL Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometer and Ag-Cu-Mg modifier. We used this assay to analyze concanavalin A-bound selenoprotein (CABSP) in human serum after concanavalin A (ConA) affinity chromatography. The CABSP was identified as a single-chain glycoprotein of 57.3 kDa. Carbohydrate units were N- and O-linked to the protein. The selenium moiety was selenocysteine. Total selenium, glutathione peroxidase (GPX; EC 1.11.1.9), ConA-bound selenium (CABS), and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) were determined in normal subjects and patients with various pathological conditions. CABS accounted for 44.1% +/- 6.3% of total selenium in sera from normal subjects and 46.5% +/- 3.9% to 55.1% +/- 8.1% in sera from patients with a variety of diseases. Total selenium in serum was well correlated with serum CABS (r = 0.860), but not with serum GPX activity (r = 0.117), for all patients studied. Serum CABS increased in normal subjects after selenium supplementation. Serum CABSP did not behave as an acute-phase reactant, compared with AAG.

Topics: Adult; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Chromatography, Affinity; Chromatography, Gel; Concanavalin A; Diabetes Mellitus; Glutathione Peroxidase; Glycosylation; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Orosomucoid; Proteins; Reference Values; Selenium; Selenoproteins; Spectrophotometry, Atomic

Topics: Adult; Aged; Concanavalin A; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Kidney Diseases; Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; Middle Aged; Nephrosis, Lipoid; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory

We studied the distribution of autologous rosette forming cells (ARFC) in the peripheral blood of 30 healthy adult donors, 30 patients with IgA nephropathy, 20 patients with primary glomerular diseases, eight patients with systemic diseases and 25 patients with other renal diseases. The mean percentages of ARFC were markedly reduced in the IgA nephropathy patients compared with the healthy adult donors. The values for ARFC were even more significantly reduced in IgA nephropathy patients compared with patients with primary glomerular diseases, systemic diseases and other renal diseases. This means that the immunoregulatory abberation in IgA nephropathy primarily involves T cells.

Topics: Adult; Concanavalin A; Erythrocytes; Humans; IgA Vasculitis; Immunoglobulin A; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Glomerulus; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Lymphocyte Activation; Rosette Formation; T-Lymphocytes

Assays for suppressor cells were used to investigate the immunological status of uraemic patients (39) and transplant patients (66), and results were compared with those for normal controls (52). The functional assays were depletion of suppressor activity by preincubation (suppressor index) and the concanavalin-A-inducible suppressor assay and, in the uraemic patients, T gamma, T mu, and T0 cells were enumerated. The results of these assays were discordant, supporting previous suggestions that they measure different suppressor cell populations. The level of concanavalin-A-inducible suppressor cell activity was significantly below normal in both uraemic and transplant patients. The number of T mu cells in uraemia was significantly reduced. The findings do not support the possibility that suppressor cells are involved in the immunodeficiency of uraemia or the maintenance of renal transplants. Moreover, it could be suggested that uraemic toxaemia depresses both helper and suppressor modalities with the net effect being a 'pan-deficiency' of immune function.

Topics: Cell Division; Concanavalin A; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Transplantation; Leukocyte Count; Renal Dialysis; T-Lymphocytes; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory

Topics: Animals; Concanavalin A; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Glomerulonephritis; Immunity, Cellular; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Lymph Nodes; Lymphocyte Activation; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Phytohemagglutinins; Prostaglandins E; Proteinuria; Spleen; T-Lymphocytes; Thymus Gland

Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Cholestasis; Concanavalin A; Diagnosis, Differential; Digestive System Neoplasms; Female; Fetus; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Humans; Isoenzymes; Kidney Diseases; Liver Diseases; Pregnancy

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; B-Lymphocytes; Child; Concanavalin A; Female; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Kidney Diseases; Leukocyte Count; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Nephrotic Syndrome; Phytohemagglutinins; Pokeweed Mitogens; Rosette Formation; T-Lymphocytes

The activity of IgA-specific suppressor T cells was lower in eight patients with IgA nephropathy than in six patients with chronic proliferative glomerulonephritis without glomerular deposition of IgA, two patients with acute glomerulonephritis, or five healthy adult controls. It was determined by the quantitation of immunoglobulins produced from pokeweed mitogen-stimulated B cells cultured with the T cell supernatant (TCS) obtained from concanavalin A-stimulated T cells. Results from a study on an identical twin sister with IgA nephropathy suggested that the decreased activity of IgA-specific suppressor T cells might not be a cause but a result of increased IgA-bearing lymphocytes and serum IgA in patients with IgA nephropathy.

Topics: B-Lymphocytes; Concanavalin A; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulins; Kidney Diseases; Pokeweed Mitogens; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; Concanavalin A; Female; Kidney Diseases; Lipopolysaccharides; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; ortho-Aminobenzoates; T-Lymphocytes; Time Factors

In this investigation a new possibility of isoenzyme-differentiation of the gamma-glutamyl-transferase (GGT) (EC Nr.2.3.2.2.) was demonstrated by Concanavalin A and Con A-Sepharose. Because of the different sugar content of the glycoproteins distinction between liver- and kidney-GGT is possible. Furthermore it was possible for the first time to show a different precipitation behaviour of one glycoprotein to Concanavalin A in certain diseases. In cases of alcoholic hepatitis GGT looses its Concanavalin A-affinity because of increased neuraminic acid concentration. The possible reasons of the different behaviour to the binding affinity of Con A and Con A-Sepharose and GGT as well as additional use for enzyme-differentiation by Con A-Sepharose affinity chromatography are discussed.

Topics: Azathioprine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chemical Precipitation; Chromatography, Affinity; Concanavalin A; Ethanol; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Glycoproteins; Humans; Isoenzymes; Kidney Diseases; Liver Diseases; Neuraminic Acids; Neuraminidase; Polysaccharides; Sepharose

Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Complement System Proteins; Concanavalin A; DNA; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Kidney Diseases; Lectins; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Rabbits; T-Lymphocytes; Tritium