concanavalin-a and Dysgammaglobulinemia

Topics: Agammaglobulinemia; Animals; Antigens; Autoimmune Diseases; Binding, Competitive; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Chickens; Concanavalin A; Dysgammaglobulinemia; Epitopes; Genes; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Immunity, Cellular; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin Allotypes; Immunoglobulin E; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Immunosuppression Therapy; Lymphokines; Mice; Mycoses; Rabbits; T-Lymphocytes

Equine lymphocytes incubated with Con A and isolated on discontinuous BSA density gradients suppressed mixed lymphocyte reactions in a cell dose- and Con A dose-dependent manner. Suppressor lymphocytes were radiosensitive, even after the initial Con A incubation phase was completed. Suppressor activity was consistently demonstrated using peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes from normal horses, but was absent in thymus cells and variably present in lymph node cells. Suppressor lymphocytes were present in horses with selective IgM deficiency, and within neoplastic lymph nodes from a horse with lymphosarcoma and concomitant IgM deficiency. Suppressor cells were not detected in 5 of 6 horses with severe combined immunodeficiency.

Topics: Animals; Cell Separation; Concanavalin A; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Dysgammaglobulinemia; Horse Diseases; Horses; Humans; Immunoglobulin M; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Inosine Pranobex; Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory

Delayed hypersensitivity (DH) responses of normal and immunodeficient horses were evaluated with antigens [dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)] and phytolectins [phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A)]. Immunologically normal horses sensitized with 5 daily applications of 2 mg of DNCB developed positive skin reactions upon challenge with 0.4 mg of DNCB. The delayed onset of the reaction and the predominately mononuclear cell infiltration at the test site indicated these were DH reactions. Normal horses sensitized with 500 microgram of KLH and challenged with 100 microgram of KLH developed skin reactions appearing earlier and composed of neutrophils and mononuclear cells, suggesting involvement of both humor and cellular mechanisms. Arabian foals with combined immunodeficiency failed to respond visibly to either antigen. Intradermal injection of 50 microgram of PHA induced visible reactions in all normal horses tested. The slow development and the predominately mononuclear cell infiltrate of PHA reactions resembled DH responses to antigen. Reactions were induced by Con A in 15 of 16 normal adult horses and 7 of 14 normal foals. The reactions were rapid in onset and contained numerous eosinophils. All 6 foals with combined immunodeficiency failed to respond to PHA injection, whereas 5 of 6 did not respond to Con A. Based on the results of these studies, it appears that in vivo skin tests with PHA and DNCB can be used to screen horses for deficient T-lymphocyte responses.

Topics: Animals; Concanavalin A; Dinitrochlorobenzene; Dysgammaglobulinemia; Hemocyanins; Horse Diseases; Horses; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Immunoglobulin M; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Lectins; Lymphocyte Activation; Skin Tests

Five patients with no detectable serum IgA (less than 20 mug/ml) and one patient with low serum IgA were compared to normal subjects. The number of circulating E-RFC was normal as was the lymphocyte DNA synthesis induced by PHA, Con A, and streptokinase-streptodornase. The patients had normal numbers of IgA-bearing lymphocytes and normal or increased numbers of B cells. Purified anti-immunoglobulin antibodies specific for IgG, IgA and IgM induced a normal lymphocyte DNA synthesis as did PWM. The patients' lymphocytes were able in vitro to transform into actively secreting IgA plasmocytes. This transformation was determined by counting the IgA and immunoglobulin-containing cells and then measuring the IgA and IgG secretion in the cultures. In some patients PWM was selectively suppressive in IgA B-cell transformation into IgA secreting cells; in the other patients PWM had no effect on the IgA B-cell differentiation. PWM enhanced the IgG secretion in the patients' cultures as well as IgA and IgG secretion in the normal controls.

Topics: Adult; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; B-Lymphocytes; Child; Concanavalin A; DNA; Dysgammaglobulinemia; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; Immunoglobulin G; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Lectins; Lymphocyte Activation; Male; T-Lymphocytes