colistin and Streptococcal-Infections

Topics: Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate; Drug Synergism; Endocarditis, Subacute Bacterial; Hearing Disorders; Humans; Kanamycin; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Sepsis; Streptococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Vestibulocochlear Nerve

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Drug Hypersensitivity; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Erythromycin; Female; Gonorrhea; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Mycoplasma Infections; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Salpingitis; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Thrombophlebitis; Tuberculosis, Female Genital; Wound Infection

113 patients being treated for acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia were investigated to determine the effect of suppression of body microbial flora on prevention of infection. They were randomly allocated to a control group or a group which received non-absorbed antibiotics by mouth and topical applications of cutaneous and mucosal antiseptic preparations. The group receiving oral non-absorbed antibiotics had significantly few infections, fewer deaths from infection, fewer pyrexial episodes, and consequently received less systemic antibiotic therapy than the controls.

Topics: Acute Disease; Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Adolescent; Adult; Antineoplastic Agents; Bacterial Infections; Bacteroides Infections; Chlorhexidine; Colistin; Drug Combinations; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Framycetin; Humans; Leukemia; Nystatin; Remission, Spontaneous; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcal Infections

Group B streptococcus (GBS) is the most common cause of early-onset neonatal sepsis in developed countries, and determination of the GBS colonization status in pregnant patients near term is essential for the provision of prophylactic measures to prevent early-onset disease.. To determine if GBS recovery rates and/or result turnaround times for vaginal or combined vaginal/rectal swab specimens from pregnant patients near term are enhanced if swabs are inoculated initially onto selective versus nonselective agar media, in addition to the standard Centers for Disease Control and Prevention method.. Prospective laboratory analysis.. Urban health region/centralized diagnostic microbiology laboratory.. Pregnant women presenting for routine obstetrical care and collection of vaginal or combined vaginal/rectal swab specimens for GBS testing at 35 to 37 weeks' gestation.. Culture of specimens directly onto selective (5% sheep blood with colistin and nalidixic acid) or nonselective (5% sheep blood) agar media, in addition to LIM broth enrichment and terminal subculture.. Group B streptococcus recovery rate and culture result turnaround time.. A total of 639 specimens were tested, with 128 (20%) positive for GBS. Sixty-three isolates were recovered on direct agar media at 24 hours, of which 16 (12.5%) were isolated on selective plates only. An additional 38 isolates were recovered at 48 hours from direct plates. Twenty-seven (21.1%) isolates that failed to grow on direct plates were recovered from the LIM broth subculture only. Three (2.3%) isolates not recovered from LIM broths were detected at 48 hours on the direct selective (2 isolates) and nonselective (1 isolate) agar plates. A 24-hour result turnaround time was achieved for 63 (49.2%) and 47 (36.7%) of the 128 culture-positive specimens for direct selective and nonselective plates, respectively (chi2 = 76.63, P <.001).. Use of direct selective agar media, in addition to LIM broth enrichment, for the determination of the GBS colonization status in pregnant patients near term results in decreased turnaround time for reporting positive results.

Topics: Agar; Animals; Centralized Hospital Services; Colistin; Culture Media; Female; Humans; Mass Screening; Microbiological Techniques; Nalidixic Acid; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Prospective Studies; Rectal Diseases; Specimen Handling; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus agalactiae; Urban Health Services; Vaginal Diseases; Women's Health

An 8 year old girl with cystic fibrosis had severe respiratory disease associated with chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa bronchopulmonary infection. Despite regular courses of intravenous antipseudomonal antibiotics, she continued to deteriorate over 18 months with persistent productive cough, worsening respiratory function, and increasing oxygen dependence. During her 11th admission Streptococcus milleri was isolated from sputum cultures in addition to P aeruginosa. She failed to respond to antipseudomonal antibiotics but improved dramatically with the addition of intravenous benzylpenicillin. Although S milleri is considered a normal mouth commensal and its isolation from sputum of cystic fibrosis patients is of uncertain significance, it was associated with clinically significant infection in this child. S milleri was eradicated with antibiotic treatment and clinical improvement has been maintained.

Topics: Acute Disease; Child; Colistin; Cystic Fibrosis; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Floxacillin; Humans; Metronidazole; Penicillin G; Pseudomonas Infections; Sputum; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus

The combination of neomycin-nalidixic acid (NNA) agar and a selective broth medium (SBM) has recently been shown to improve the sensitivity of screening cultures for group B streptococcal (GBS) carriage in women. Because of the relatively high cost of NNA agar, a study was initiated to determine whether Columbia colistin-nalidixic acid (CNA) agar would be an equally sensitive, more economical alternative. A total of 580 cervical-vaginal and/or rectal specimens submitted for detection of GBS were included in the study. Each was plated onto NNA and CNA agar and then inoculated into SBM. GBS were recovered from 95 of 580 (16.4%) specimens, including 61 isolates from CNA, 74 from NNA, 73 from the CNA-SMB combination, and 86 from the NNA-SMB tandem. Of those, 22 isolates were recovered on NNA but not CNA, 9 were cultured on CNA but not NNA, 52 were isolated on both media, and 12 were recovered from subcultures of SBM only. The overall sensitivity of CNA alone (64. 2%) was statistically significantly less than that of NNA agar (77. 9%), as was the sensitivity of combination of CNA plus SBM (76.8%) compared to that of NNA plus SBM (90.5%). Based on these findings, CNA should not be considered an acceptable alternative to NNA for the detection of GBS colonization in women despite potential cost savings.

Topics: Agar; Bacteriological Techniques; Carrier State; Colistin; Culture Media; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Nalidixic Acid; Neomycin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Sensitivity and Specificity; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus agalactiae

A total of 952 consecutive vaginal swabs were obtained from patients who attended obstetric or gynecologic clinics affiliated with the Children's Hospital of Buffalo, New York. Swabs were cultured comparatively on 5% sheep blood agar (BA), selective sheep blood agar containing 1.25 micrograms/ml trimethoprim-23.75 micrograms/ml sulfamethoxazole (SXT), and Lim broth (Todd-Hewitt broth containing 1% yeast extract, 10 micrograms/ml colistin, and 15 micrograms/ml nalidixic acid). A total of 168 swabs (18%) were positive (by at least one method) for group B Streptococcus (GBS). The overall agreement among the three techniques was 90% (858 of 952); 94 specimens (10%, 94 of 952) had discrepant results, and 74 of these (44%, 74 of 168) were positive, only by Lim as opposed to two (1%) and 0 by BA and SXT, respectively. There were only two (2%, 2 of 168) false negative for Lim as compared with 82 (49%) for BA and 86 (51%) for SXT. Thus, the sensitivity of GBS detection by BA, SXT, and Lim is 51%, 49%, and 99%, respectively. These data suggest that the use of Lim broth increases the recovery rate of GBS by 48% after 48 h while the use of the SXT plate reduced the recovery rate by 2% as compared with the conventional BA plate.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Colistin; Culture Media; Female; Humans; Nalidixic Acid; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Risk Factors; Sensitivity and Specificity; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus agalactiae; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Vagina

Serious complications occurred in 29 of 887 children with puncture wounds of the feet treated over a four-year period at the Dr. Charles A. Janeway Child Health Centre. Osteomyelitis in one of the small bones of the foot was the commonest complication and occurred when a cartilaginous surface (physeal plate or articular cartilage) had been violated. Although systemic signs of osteomyelitis frequently are absent, this infectious process is refractory to medical management. The combined surgical and medical management of this complication is outlined. Management of puncture wounds in the emergency room should include a thorough history concisely recorded, tetanus prophylaxis, and cleansing, debridement, and probing of the wound. Antimicrobial agents are not routinely required but should be reserved for patients presenting late with cellulitis or an established infection. A semisynthetic penicillinase-penicillin appears to be the agent of choice until the results of microbiologic studies are available.

Topics: Adolescent; Cellulitis; Child; Child, Preschool; Colistin; Erythromycin; Female; Foot Injuries; Humans; Klebsiella Infections; Lincomycin; Male; Osteomyelitis; Penicillins; Pseudomonas Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Tetracyclines; Wounds, Penetrating

Topics: Ampicillin; Bacitracin; Bacterial Infections; Carbenicillin; Cephalexin; Cephaloridine; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Dexamethasone; Dicloxacillin; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Gentamicins; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Neomycin; Penicillin G; Penicillin Resistance; Root Canal Therapy; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus; Tetracycline; Tooth Diseases

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carbenicillin; Cephalothin; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Dicloxacillin; Escherichia coli Infections; Gentamicins; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Pseudomonas Infections; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections

Topics: Acute Disease; Age Factors; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Erythromycin; Haemophilus; Haemophilus Infections; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Otitis Media; Penicillins; Pneumococcal Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Streptococcus pyogenes; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Cephalothin; Colistin; Enterococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli Infections; Gentamicins; Humans; Kanamycin; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Kidney Function Tests; Male; Novobiocin; Postoperative Complications; Prostatectomy; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Urinary Tract Infections; Urologic Diseases

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adolescent; Adult; Amphotericin B; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Colistin; Deafness; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Female; Humans; Kanamycin; Kidney; Kidney Function Tests; Male; Middle Aged; Pseudomonas Infections; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Urea; Vancomycin

Topics: Acute Disease; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Cholecystitis; Chronic Disease; Colistin; Escherichia coli Infections; Penicillins; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Streptomycin

Topics: Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Chronic Disease; Colistin; Depression, Chemical; Drug Synergism; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Kanamycin; Klebsiella Infections; Male; Middle Aged; Nitrofurantoin; Oleandomycin; Oxacillin; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Proteus Infections; Pyelonephritis; Staphylococcal Infections; Stimulation, Chemical; Streptococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline

The effect of early bilateral pyelonephritis on urinary concentrating ability was studied in rats injected intravenously with enterococci or Staphylococcus aureus and in rats inoculated with Escherichia coli into the medullae of both kidneys. The mean maximum urinary osmolality of normal rats was 2352 mOsm/kg of water. Inoculation of E. coli caused reversible pyelonephritis with sterilization of the kidneys within 12 wk. By 1 day after injection the mean maximum urinary osmolality had decreased to about 1100 mOsm. remained at this level for 3 wk, and then rose to normal by 12 wk. After injection of enterococci and staphylococci, the mean maximum urine osmolality decreased over 3-4 days to about 1000 and 800 mOsm respectively. In the enterococcal infection (which is chronic) the maximum urine osmolality remained about 1200 mOsm for at least 12 wk whereas in the staphylococcal infection (which is reversible) the osmolality gradually rose. Antimicrobial therapy of E. coli renal infection with colistimethate sodium and S. aureus infection with ampicillin rapidly reduced bacterial titers in the kidneys with an associated rise in maximum urinary osmolality. Therapy of enterococcal renal infection with ampicillin produced less impressive decreases in bacterial titers in the kidneys and little or no improvement in urinary concentrating ability. With antimicrobial therapy or with the self-limited infections, the rate of increase in concentrating ability was directly correlated with the rate of decrease of bacterial titers. However, there was poor correlation between histological findings in the kidneys and urinary concentrating ability. These studies demonstrate that early experimental pyelonephritis is associated with a concentrating defect that can be rapidly reversed and therefore is not related to permanent renal damage.

Topics: Ampicillin; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Colistin; Creatinine; Escherichia coli Infections; Kidney; Kidney Concentrating Ability; Male; Osmolar Concentration; Pyelonephritis; Rats; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Vasopressins

Topics: Abscess; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriological Techniques; Cellulitis; Cephalothin; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Hand; Humans; Infections; Kanamycin; Lincomycin; Methicillin; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Wound Infection

Topics: Adult; Burns; Burns, Electric; Candidiasis, Cutaneous; Child; Child, Preschool; Colistin; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Gentamicins; Humans; Male; Patient Isolators; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Proteus Infections; Pseudomonas Infections; Sepsis; Silver Nitrate; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Sulfonamides; Toluene

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cephalosporins; Child; Cloxacillin; Colistin; Drug Synergism; Dysentery, Bacillary; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Humans; Infections; Lincomycin; Meningitis; Nafcillin; Neomycin; Oxacillin; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Pneumococcal Infections; Polymyxins; Shigella; Streptococcal Infections; Sulfamethoxazole; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Bacitracin; Child; Colistin; Drug Therapy; Endocarditis; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Enterobacter aerogenes; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infections; Klebsiella; Liver Abscess; Oxacillin; Penicillins; Pseudomonas Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Toxicology

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriological Techniques; Bacteriuria; Colistin; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia coli Infections; Klebsiella; Proteus Infections; Pseudomonas; Pseudomonas Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Urinary Tract Infections; Urine

Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Burns; Child; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli Infections; gamma-Globulins; Humans; Immune Sera; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Kanamycin; Novobiocin; Polymyxins; Proteus Infections; Pseudomonas Infections; Salmonella Infections; Sepsis; Serum Albumin; Shigella; Sodium Chloride; Solutions; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Tetracycline; Vancomycin

Topics: Amphotericin B; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Endocarditis; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Enterobacter aerogenes; Enterobacteriaceae; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli Infections; Kanamycin; Penicillin G; Penicillins; Proteus Infections; Pseudomonas Infections; Ristocetin; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Vancomycin

Topics: Abscess; Adolescent; Animals; Child; Colistin; Cornea; Corneal Ulcer; Corynebacterium; Dacryocystitis; Drug Therapy; Geriatrics; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Infant; Ophthalmology; Orbit; Osmosis; Pseudomonas Infections; Rabbits; Research; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Ulcer; Uveitis

Topics: Aerosols; Bronchiectasis; Bronchitis; Colistin; Humans; Lung Diseases; Lung Neoplasms; Pneumococcal Infections; Proteus Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Suppuration

Topics: Colistin; Enterobacter aerogenes; Enterococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli Infections; Hospitals, General; Humans; Proteus Infections; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Urinary Tract Infections