colistin and Infections

In a randomized study comparing cotrimoxazole plus colistin with ciprofloxacin, each in combination with nonabsorbable antimycotics, the incidence of major infections in terms of septicemias and pneumonias as well as of minor infections and episodes of unexplained fever (FUO) was higher in patients treated with ciprofloxacin. In cases of microbiologically documented infections, gram-positive cocci dominated by far. In surveillance cultures of oral washings and of feces, gram-negative enterobacteria were only rarely detected; however, large numbers of cultures were positive for Acinetobacter species. There were four cases of documented Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients not receiving cotrimoxazole. The incidence of documented mycotic infections as well as the detection of fungi in surveillance cultures was similar in both treatment groups. A decrease in the number of adverse events, especially of allergic reactions, could not be achieved by the administration of ciprofloxacin. In conclusion, cotrimoxazole plus colistin in combination with nonabsorbable antimycotics remains the standard regimen for prevention of infection in patients with acute leukemia undergoing aggressive remission induction therapy. A detailed analysis of study II will be prepared for publication.

Topics: Acute Disease; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Colistin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Infection Control; Infections; Leukemia; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Neutropenia; Norfloxacin; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Drug Hypersensitivity; Erythromycin; Gentamicins; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Infections; Intestinal Absorption; Kanamycin; Neomycin; Odontogenesis; Oleandomycin; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cephaloridine; Cephalothin; Colistin; Gentamicins; Humans; Infections; Methacycline; Nalidixic Acid

In a randomized study comparing cotrimoxazole plus colistin with ciprofloxacin, each in combination with nonabsorbable antimycotics, the incidence of major infections in terms of septicemias and pneumonias as well as of minor infections and episodes of unexplained fever (FUO) was higher in patients treated with ciprofloxacin. In cases of microbiologically documented infections, gram-positive cocci dominated by far. In surveillance cultures of oral washings and of feces, gram-negative enterobacteria were only rarely detected; however, large numbers of cultures were positive for Acinetobacter species. There were four cases of documented Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients not receiving cotrimoxazole. The incidence of documented mycotic infections as well as the detection of fungi in surveillance cultures was similar in both treatment groups. A decrease in the number of adverse events, especially of allergic reactions, could not be achieved by the administration of ciprofloxacin. In conclusion, cotrimoxazole plus colistin in combination with nonabsorbable antimycotics remains the standard regimen for prevention of infection in patients with acute leukemia undergoing aggressive remission induction therapy. A detailed analysis of study II will be prepared for publication.

Topics: Acute Disease; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Colistin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Infection Control; Infections; Leukemia; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Neutropenia; Norfloxacin; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination

Topics: Biofilms; Colistin; Cystic Fibrosis; Humans; Infections; Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Topics: Acinetobacter baumannii; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Colistin; Drainage; Fibrinolysis; Humans; Infections; Tigecycline; Ventriculostomy

Colistimethate sodium (CMS) for treatment of lung infections in cystic fibrosis patient was transformed into a dry powder for inhalation by spray drying. Design of Experiment was applied for understanding the role of the spray-drying process parameters on the critical quality attributes of the CMS spray-dried (SD) powders and agglomerates thereof. Eleven experimental SD microparticle powders were constructed under different process conditions according to a central composite design. The SD microparticles were then agglomerated in soft pellets. Eleven physico-chemical characteristics of SD CMS microparticle powders or agglomerates thereof were selected as critical quality attributes. The yield of SD process was higher than 75%. The emitted fraction of agglomerates from RS01 inhaler was 75-84%, and the fine particle fraction (particles <5 µm) was between 58% and 62%. The quality attributes of CMS SD powders and respective agglomerates that were significantly influenced by spray-drying process parameters were residual solvent and drug content of the SD microparticles as well as bulk density and respirable dose of the agglomerates. These attributes were also affected by the combination of the process variables. The air aspiration rate was found as the most positively influential on drug and solvent content and respirable dose. The residual solvent content significantly influenced the powder bulk properties and aerodynamic behavior of the agglomerates, i.e. quality attributes that govern drug metering in the device and the particles lungs deposition. Agglomerates of CMS SD microparticles, in combination with RS01 DPI, showed satisfactory results in terms of dose emitted and fine particle fraction.

Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Aerosols; Colistin; Cystic Fibrosis; Drug Compounding; Dry Powder Inhalers; Humans; Infections; Lung; Particle Size; Powders; Solvents

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Colistin; Diagnostic Errors; Humans; Infections; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Species Specificity

Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacterial Infections; Cats; Colistin; Dogs; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Infections; Mycoses; Parasitic Diseases; Virus Diseases; Zoonoses

Topics: Ampicillin; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Eruptions; Drug Hypersensitivity; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Electroencephalography; Erythromycin; Female; Fever; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Infections; Kanamycin; Kidney Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Penicillins; Pericarditis; Pertussis Vaccine; Pleural Diseases; Recurrence; Salicylates; Tetracycline; Tonsillectomy

Topics: Bacteria; Carbenicillin; Cephalothin; Colistin; Drug Combinations; Escherichia coli; Fever; Gentamicins; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infections; Kanamycin; Klebsiella; Methicillin; Neoplasms; Polymyxins; Proteus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carbenicillin; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Drug Combinations; Drug Interactions; Drug Synergism; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Erythromycin; Gentamicins; Glycosides; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Infections; Neoplasms; Novobiocin; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cephaloridine; Colistin; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia coli; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infections; Kanamycin; Klebsiella; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Proteus

Topics: Child, Preschool; Colistin; Female; Humans; Infections; Kidney; Leukemia, Lymphoid

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Colistin; Female; Humans; Infections; Lung Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Sepsis

Topics: Abscess; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriological Techniques; Cellulitis; Cephalothin; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Hand; Humans; Infections; Kanamycin; Lincomycin; Methicillin; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Wound Infection

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cephalosporins; Child; Cloxacillin; Colistin; Drug Synergism; Dysentery, Bacillary; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Humans; Infections; Lincomycin; Meningitis; Nafcillin; Neomycin; Oxacillin; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Pneumococcal Infections; Polymyxins; Shigella; Streptococcal Infections; Sulfamethoxazole; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Anuria; Colistin; Humans; Infections; Renal Dialysis

Topics: Bronchopneumonia; Cephaloridine; Colistin; Enteritis; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infections; Kanamycin; Methicillin; Polymyxins

Topics: Ampicillin; Biliary Tract Diseases; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Culture Media; Enterobacter; Erythromycin; Escherichia; Escherichia coli; Humans; Infections; Kanamycin; Klebsiella; Oleandomycin; Oxacillin; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Proteus; Pseudomonas; Staphylococcus; Streptomycin; Sulfisoxazole; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adult; Bacteria; Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Colistin; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Infections; Kanamycin; Male; Middle Aged; Penicillin G; Penicillin Resistance; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus; Streptomycin; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline

Topics: Bacitracin; Child; Colistin; Drug Therapy; Endocarditis; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Enterobacter aerogenes; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infections; Klebsiella; Liver Abscess; Oxacillin; Penicillins; Pseudomonas Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Toxicology

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Agranulocytosis; Amphotericin B; Blood Transfusion; Child; Colistin; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Infection Control; Infections; Leukemia; Male; Methicillin; Oxacillin; Polymyxins; Prednisone

Topics: Bacteria; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Humans; Immunodiffusion; In Vitro Techniques; Infections; Nitrofurantoin; Oleandomycin; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Statistics as Topic; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arthritis; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Humans; Infections; Kanamycin; Methicillin; Oxacillin; Oxytetracycline; Penicillin G; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Child; Colistin; Drug Therapy; Enterobacteriaceae; Geriatrics; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Infant; Infections; Neomycin; Otitis Externa; Pseudomonas; Staphylococcal Infections

Topics: Abscess; Cellulitis; Colistin; gamma-Globulins; Humans; Infections; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Methicillin; Neoplasms; Pharmacology; Pneumonia; Prednisone; Sepsis; Sinusitis; Statistics as Topic; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Colistin; Humans; Infections; Klebsiella; Oxytetracycline; Sepsis; Streptomycin

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Colistin; Humans; Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Colistin; Ethnicity; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Infections; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Colistin; Humans; Infections; Pseudomonas Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Colistin; Humans; Infections; Penicillins

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Colistin; Humans; Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Colistin; Humans; Infections

Topics: Bacteria; Colistin; Infections; Polymyxin B; Polymyxins; Research